选修7 Unit5定语从句精品学案 使用定语从句应注意的几个.docx

1、选修7 Unit5定语从句精品学案 使用定语从句应注意的几个选修 7 Unit5定语从句精品学案使用定语从句应注意的几个问题1. 定语从句的主谓一致关系代词作从句的主语时, 从句的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致, 先行词是句子时,从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。The recorder that has been given to me is home-made.给我的那台录音机是国产的。I , who am your classmate, will share the work with you.我是你的同学,要和你分担这项工作。注意:“one of+复数名词 ” 位于关系代词前作先

2、行词时,从句的动词通常用 复数形式,但当 one 前有 the (only , the (very 等修饰时,从句的谓语动词要用单 数形式。He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。Mr. Wang is the (only one of my friends who has been invited to have dinner with us.王先生是惟一被请来和我们共进晚餐的我的一个朋友。2. 双重限制性定语从句一个先行词同时被两个限制性定语从句修饰。She is the only girl

3、I know who can dance.她是我认识的惟一会跳舞的女孩。3. 使用关系代词还是关系副词关系代词起代词的作用,关系副词起副词的作用。因此,同样的先行词,由 于在从句中担任的逻辑作用不同, 须用不同的关系词去代替它, 尤其是一些表示 时间或地点的先行词。This is the place where he works. (关系词作状语=in the place ,因此用 where 这是他工作的地方。This is the place that/which we visited last month. (关系词作宾语,因此用that 或 which 这是我们上个月参观过的地方。I

4、often think of the days that I spent in Browns last summer.我时常回忆起去年夏天在布朗家度过的那段时光。Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.我永远也不会忘记第一次到北京的那一天。4. that 代替关系副词在口语或非正式场合, that 可代替关系副词,且常可省略。This is the place (that he works.(=where这是他工作的地方。This was the time (that he arrived.(=when这是他到达的时间。Thi

5、s is the reason (that he came.这是他来的原因。尤其是当先行词是 way 时,关系词通常用 that 或不用任何关系词,这里应 当注意的是 how 不能用作关系副词引导定语从句。This is the way (that/in which he did it.他就是这样做的。5.关系词的省略关系词可以省略,但这只限于限制性定语从句中,在非限制性定语从句中, 关系词则不可省略。关系词省略主要限于以下几个方面:(1关系代词作宾语时的省略。当关系代词 who , whom , which 和 that 在定 语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时,可以省略。Is

6、 there anything (that you want?想要什么东西吗?Who is the man (that, who , whom you were talking to just now?刚才和你讲话的人是谁?(2关系代词作表语时的省略。当关系代词 that 在定语从句中用作表语时, 可以省略。China is not the country (that it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。 (that作表语 (3关系代词作宾补时的省略。当关系代词 that 在定语从句中用作宾语补足 语时,可以省略。Im not the mad man (that you thought me

7、.我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。 (that作宾语补足语 (4关系代词作主语时的省略。 一般说来, 关系代词作主语时是不能省略的, 但是在以下三种特殊情况下,也可省略。当定语从句为 there be结构时,作主语的 that 可以省略。Ive told you all (that there is to tell.该告诉的我都告诉你了。当主句为 there be结构时,在定语从句中作主语的 that , which , who 有时 可省略。Theres a gentleman (who wants to see you.有一位先生要见您。当主句为 it is, here is结构时,在定语从句

8、中作主语的 that 有时可省略。 Heres a little book (that will tell you how to raise roses.这是一本关于玫瑰花栽培的小册子。(5关系副词 when 的省略。用作时间状语的关系副词 when 通常不能省略。 但有一种特殊情况,即用于 day , year , time 等少数几个词后时可以省略 (也可换 成 that 。That was the year (that I first went abroad.就是那一年我第一次出国了。Ill never forget the day (that we met.我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一

9、天。(6关系副词 where 的省略。用作地点状语的关系副词 where 通常不能省略, 但有一种特殊情况,即用于 place , somewhere , anywhere , everywhere , nowhere 少数几个词后时可以省略 (也可换成 that 。This is the place (where they met yesterday.这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have you somewhere (that I can lie down for an hour?你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?(7关系副词 why 的省略。关系副词 why 通常只用于 the rea

10、son 后引导定语 从句,且通常可换成 that 或 for which,均可省略。Thats the reason (why, for which, that he came.这就是他来的原因。6.关于 “ 介词+关系代词 ”介词后跟有关系代词时要注意, 此时的关系代词虽然用作介词的宾语, 但不 能省略,可以是 which ,但不能是 that 。另外,某些表示时间、地点或原因的 “ 介 词+关系代词 ” 结构可以与相应的关系副词 when , where , why 互换。This is the pan in which I boiled the milk.这是我煮牛奶的锅。I wante

11、d to find someone with whom I could discuss music.我想找一个能和我谈音乐的人。The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.他们寻找的文件已经找到了。These are the reasons for which (why we do it.这些就是我们这样做的理由。The period in which (when man learnt to make tools of iron is called the Iron Age.人类学会制造铁器的时期称为铁器时代。

12、7.包括先行词与关系词的引导词有些从句中的 “ 引导词 ” 既包括先行词也包括关系词。What he saw gave him a little fright.他看到的情况使他有点害怕。句中的 what 引导的是主语从句,不是定语从句。但若作进一步分析,这里 的 what 可分解为 “ 先行词+关系代词 ” , 也就是说, what he saw可分解为 the thing that he saw。They eat whatever they can find.他们找到什么就吃什么。句中的 whatever 引导的是宾语从句,不是定语从句。但若作进一步分析, 这里的 whatever 可分解为

13、 “ 先行词+关系代词 ” ,也就是, whatever they can find 可分解为 anything that they can find。Whoever wants it may have it.谁想要它都可拿去。句中的 whoever 引导的是主语从句,不是定语从句。但若作进一步分析,这 里的 whoever 可分解为 “ 先行词+关系代词 ” , 也就是说, whoever wants it可分解 为 anyone who wants it。8.定语从句与并列句有的考题为了增加难度和试题的灵活性, 通常将定语从句与并列句结合起来 考查,此时同学们要特别注意句中是否有并列连词

14、and , but 等。比较:(1He has two children, and both of _ are abroad.A . them B . which C . whom D . who (2He was two children, both of _ are abroad.A . them B . which C . whom D . who 第 (1题选 A , 第 (2题选 C 。 由于第 (1题中用了并列连词 and , 从而使整个句 子为并列句, and 后应是一个独立的简单句, 所以选 A 不选 C ; 第 (2题没有并列 连词 and , both of whom ar

15、e abroad为非限制性定语从句。 另外, 请比较下面一题, 由于空格后没有谓语动词,而只有非谓语动词 being ,所以答案选 A(逗号后为独 立主格结构 。He has two children, both of _ being abroad.A . them B . which C . whom D . who随堂练习 . 单项填空1. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for 3 years.A . is B . are C . have been D . has been 2. Eart

16、h is a rocky planet _ liquid water, which is necessary for life, can exist.A . which B . as C . where D . when 3. By nine oclock , all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangman , _ appeared a rare rainbow soon.A . of which B . on which C . from which D . above which4For many

17、 cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further， _New York is an example. A which for B which in C whic h of D from which 5The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，_ are beyond our control. Amost of them Cmost of what Bmost of which Dmost of that 6The man pulled

18、out a gold watch, _were made of small diamonds. Athe hands of whom Cwhich the hands of Bwhom the hands of Dthe hands of which 7The book was written in 1946，_ the education system has witnessed great changes. Awhen when 8Chans restaurant on Baker Street，_ used to be poorly run，is now a successful bus

19、iness. Athat Bwhich Cwho Dwhere Bduring which Csince then Dsince 9He was educated at the local high school，_ he went on to Beijing University. Aafter which Bafter that Cin which Din that 10Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it. Anone of them of whom 11Human facial ex

20、pressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. A with which B which to C which of D which for Bboth of them Cnone of whom Dneither 12It is 30 years since we last met. But I still remember the story，believe it or not，_ we got lost on a rainy night. Awhich Bt

21、hat Cwhat Dwhen 13_ is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress. AIt BAs CThat DWhich 14 Mark was a student at this university from 20052009， _ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union. Aduring which time Cduring whose time 15Why does she

22、always ask you for help? There is no one else _，is there? Awho to turn to Cfor whom to turn .完成句子 1It was ten oclock _ (他起床时 2 is from Africa， He _ (这一点从他肤色上可以看得出来 3He asked us all _ (我们的所见所闻 4The old man has two sons，_ (两个都不是大学生 5 The student _ ( 老 师 们 引 以 为 自 豪 的 was admitted to Beijing University

23、 last year. 6 Is this the reason _ ( 他 在 会 上 解 释 的 for his carelessness in his work? 7It was the first time _ (他被派往国外 8China is no longer _ (她五十年前那样 9We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools _ (我们访问过的 10_ (就像平常一样，he took the first place this time. Bshe can turn to Dfor her to turn Bfor w

24、hich time Dby that time 参考答案 1. 答案 解析 D 先行词为 one，谓语动词用单数；又因 for 3 years 故选 D 项。 C 2. 答案 解析 where 引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。 D 3. 答案 解析 根据句意，rainbow 应出现在山顶上方，故用介词 above；on 表示 “在上面”，往往和所指物体表面接触，above 指在某物的上方。 4. 答案 解析 C 句意是：对于世界上许多城市来说，没有可以进一步延展的空间，其 中纽约是一个例子。 表达“中的一个”应使用介词 of， 用以表示所属关 of 系。 5. 答案 解析 B 句意： 植

25、物的生长速度受诸多因素的影响，绝大多数的因素是我们控 制不了的。which 引导非限制性定语从句，且作介词 of 的宾语。 6. 答案 解析 D watch 指物， 故定语从句的引导词不可用 whom， 可排除 A、 两项。 B 由句意可知，空格处可填入 whose hands 或 the hands of which 表示所属关系。 7. 答案 解析 D 从句时态为现在完成时，故选 since when 来引导定语从句；A、B 两 项从句应用过去时某种形式；C 项不合句子结构。 8. 答案 解析 B 非限制性定语从句缺主语。A 项不能引导非限制性定语从句；C 项指 人；D 项不能作主语。 9

26、. 答案 解析 A 根据句子结构， 排除 B、 两项； D 根据句意“这之后他去了北京大学”， 排除 C 项。 10. 答案 解析 D 上文中只有两人， 排除 A、 两项； C none 指三者或三者以上； 如选 B， 需加连词 and。 11. 答案 解析 B to.degree 达到程度。句意为：达到哪种程度可以根据某种目的 加以控制。 12. 答案 B 解析 that 引导同位语从句，which 引导定语从句，要在句子中作成分。 B 13. 答案 解析 as 引导非限制性定语从句，“正如”；which 引导非限制性定语从 句不能放在句首。 14. 答案 解析 A 考查 which 引导的

27、定语从句。during which time 表示在 20052009 这段时间内。 15. 答案 解析 B she can turn to 为定语从句，作 no one else 的定语，省略了关系代词 who 或 whom。 .完成句子 1It was ten oclock when_he_got_up (他起床时 2He is from Africa，as_can_be_seen_from_his_skin (这一点从他肤色上可以 看得出来 3He asked us all that_we_had_seen_and_heard (我们的所见所闻 4The old man has two

28、sons，neither_of_whom_is_a_college_student (两个都 不是大学生 5The student in_whom_all_the_teachers_took_great_pride (老师们引以为自 豪的 was admitted to Beijing University last year. 6Is this the reason he_explained_at_the_meeting (他在会上解释的 for his carelessness in his work? 7It was the first time he_had_been_sent_abroad (他被派往国外 8China is no longer what_she_was_50_years_ago (她五十年前那样 9 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that_we_had_ever_visited (我们访问过的 10As_is_often_the_case (就像平常一样，he took the first place this time.