考研英语基础班讲义.docx

1、考研英语基础班讲义考研英语基础班讲义基础词汇 主编：Ada 司内部讲义 翻版必究考研英语基础词汇内部讲义本次课程基本情况介绍：1、授课时间：2、授课目标：1）掌握考研真题中常考高频词汇和短语2）熟悉基础阶段词汇备考方向3、授课特点：1）直击重点，把握核心词汇考点，提高综合应试能力。2）笔记较多，互动性强。4、授课思路：以真题为中心进行核心词汇全面透彻剖析第一章：单词记忆方法“三分”原则分 频一：认知词汇二：高频词汇分 题一：写作词汇二：阅读词汇阅读词汇分 类 一：专业词汇 二：熟词生义 三：固定搭配 四：构词方法一熟词生义1）80%可猜测例1.women are particularly li

2、kely to develop depression and anxiety disorder in response to stress compared to men.例2.Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves. 例3.The Supreme Courts decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how me

3、dicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering. 2)20%特殊含义例1.I dig your sister. You got a beef with me?You cannot pick one me just because i got a pretty face.例2.Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.译文：义愤填膺似乎并非只是人类所特有的。例3:During the same peri

4、od,families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income.例4.“Theres no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a remin

5、der to check the database again. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means .A advisory. B compensation. C interaction. D reminder.例5.Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree.

6、 I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother: “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from payche

7、ck to paycheck.24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck”( that_.A. Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.B. Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.C. Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.D. Alvarez paid practically everything by check.二构词猜词法例1.Contemporary/contem

8、ptuous /contemptible /contemplativePresident/preside/resident/reside/residence/subsidyPerish/persevere/perplex/perceive例2.Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.”Tommasini regards Gil

9、bert as an artist who is _.A influential B modestC respectable D talented例3.In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means_.A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. mon

10、opolizing3.总结写作词汇写作技巧ObviousGoodBadAdvantageDisadvantage遣词造句：some folks argue that.has some merits,which can be listed as follows. Initially,. additionally,. accordingly,.It is apparent that the cartoonist endeavors to put a spotlight on_, which is one of the most essential qualities in the Middle K

11、ingdom.4常见猜词方法1.重述猜词法 例1.In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.例2.But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such

12、 a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.例3.We live in a society in which the medical and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going i

13、n the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.20.The word “pervasive” (line 1, paragraph 2) might meanA widespreadB overwhelmingC piercingD fashionable例4.In this intensely and fiercely competitive society, collaboration is on no account an option but a must if he or she has an urge to attain success. St

14、ated in another way, one will accomplish nothing if he or she lacks this quality.2.逻辑猜词法（连接词猜词法）例1.Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal例 2.This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lowe

15、r than expected in Britain and America.29.The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (line 5, paragraph 3) means that.A the low inflation rate will last for some timeB the inflation rate will soon riseC the inflation will disappear quicklyD there is no inflation at present例3.Like other human beings,

16、 he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 例4.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend

17、to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only例5.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.20. A provided B

18、since C although D supposing例6.For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore3.实词/虚词猜词法例1. As the economy picks up, opportunitiesfor

19、aspiring leaders will abound.例2.Americans machine-tool industry was on the rope.例3.clouds may come,but clouds must go,and they all have a silver lining. For behind each cloud, the sun, or moon is shining.例4.When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-

20、year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. 31. By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_.A Spero can hardly maintain her business.B Spero is too much engaged in her work.C Spero has grown out of her bad

21、habit. D Spero is not in a desperate situation.4.通过感情色彩猜词例 1.“Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.20. Aabove Bupon Cagainst Dwith例2.Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign _childhood obesity even admitting that it represents our

22、 greatest national security threat.Afor Bagainst Cwith Dwithout例 3.his argument is that the unusual history of these people has_45_ them to unique evolutionary pressure that have resulted in this_ state of affairs.43. A. limited B.subjected C.converted D.directed五近义辨析 近形辨析 区分义项近义辨析:名词：例1.By 1830 the

23、 former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million _ of these nations looked hopefully to the futureA natives B inhabitantsC peoples D individuals.例2.When homeless individuals manage to find a _ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at

24、 nightAlodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse例3.The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 9 to explain or describe in a 10 that can be understood by his listeners. 10.A case B means Cmethod Dway例4.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brai

25、n. 11. Asigns Bstimuli Cmessages Dimpulses动词：例1 48enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. 48. (A) Supplying (B) Getting (C) Providing (D) Furnishing例2.Too often, careless use of words 3 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The wo

26、rds used by the speaker may 4 unfavorable reactions in the listener 5 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.3.A encourages B prevents C destroy D offers例3.When workingonradio, for example, they had become 2 to seeingonbehalf ofthe listener.Aexperience

27、d B determined C established D accustomed 例4.Changes in the social structure may directly_juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. (2004)A.affe

28、ct B.reduce C.check D. reflect 形容词：例1.A variety of small clubs can provide （30） opportunities for leadership.30.A durable B excessive C surplus D multiple例2.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new re

29、ceptors if necessary. 14. Aineffective Bincompetent CinefficientDinsufficient15. Aintroduce Bsummon Ctrigger Dcreate近形辨析例1.Economic /economical; economy; economizecontemptuous；contemptible; contemplative; contemporaryIntellect; intellectual; intelligence; intelligent; 例2.In a significant 2 of legal

30、controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 4.Aillogical B illegal C improbable D improper例3.A man respires, aspires,perspires,inspires,and finally expires.第2章 核心词根，词缀时间前缀1.之前：fore-/pre-/ex-/pro-Fore-1）foremost 最

31、前面的，最重要的，一流的2）foresee 预见3）forefather 先父Pre-/pri-4）predict 预言，预告，预测5）precede 先于，优于6）preface 前言，开端7) premium 保险；奖金8）prehistoric 史前的9）preschool 学龄前的，幼儿园10）prime 最初，最好的，一流的11）primitive 原始的12）privilege 给予特权13）prior 优先的，在前的14）priority 优先权Pro-15）professor 教授Confess：坦诚，坦白； 忏悔Frank:坦白的；坦率的16）prospect 前景 17）propel 推进；驱使