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考研英语基础班讲义
考研英语基础班讲义
基础词汇
主编：
Ada司
内部讲义翻版必究
考研英语基础词汇内部讲义
本次课程基本情况介绍：
1、授课时间：
2、授课目标：
1）掌握考研真题中常考高频词汇和短语
2）熟悉基础阶段词汇备考方向
3、授课特点：
1）直击重点，把握核心词汇考点，提高综合应试能力。
2）笔记较多，互动性强。
4、授课思路：
以真题为中心进行核心词汇全面透彻剖析
第一章：
单词记忆方法
“三分”原则
分频
一：
认知词汇
二：
高频词汇
分题
一：
写作词汇
二：
阅读词汇
阅读词汇
分类
★一：
专业词汇
★二：
熟词生义
★三：
固定搭配
★四：
构词方法
一．熟词生义
1）80%可猜测
例1.womenareparticularlylikelytodevelopdepressionandanxietydisorderinresponsetostresscomparedtomen.
例2.LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.
例3.TheSupremeCourt'sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.
2）20%特殊含义
例1.Idigyoursister.
Yougotabeefwithme?
Youcannotpickonemejustbecauseigotaprettyface.
例2.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.
译文：
义愤填膺似乎并非只是人类所特有的。
例3:
Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.
例4.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.
Theexpression“tipservice”（Line4,Paragraph3）mostprobablymeans.
[A]advisory.[B]compensation.
[C]interaction.[D]reminder.
例5.AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescapetogotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother:
“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.
24.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck”（that____.
A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.
B.Alvarez'ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.
C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.
D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.
二．构词猜词法
例1.Contemporary/contemptuous/contemptible/contemplative
President/preside/resident/reside/residence/subsidy
Perish/persevere/perplex/perceive
例2.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”
TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois____.
[A]influential[B]modest
[C]respectable[D]talented
例3.Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.
Theword“homogenizing”（Line2,Paragraph1）mostprobablymeans_____.
A.identifying B.associating
C.assimilating D.monopolizing
3.总结写作词汇写作技巧
Obvious——
Good——
Bad——
Advantage——
Disadvantage——
遣词造句：
somefolksarguethat....hassomemerits,whichcanbelistedasfollows.Initially,...additionally,...accordingly,...
Itisapparentthatthecartoonistendeavorstoputaspotlighton______,whichisoneofthemostessentialqualitiesintheMiddleKingdom.
4．常见猜词方法
1.重述猜词法
例1.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.
例2.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:
alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.
例3.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicalandsocialuseofsubstances（drugs）ispervasive:
anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.
20.Theword“pervasive”（line1,paragraph2）mightmean
［A］widespread
［B］overwhelming
［C］piercing
［D］fashionable
例4.Inthisintenselyandfiercelycompetitivesociety,collaborationisonnoaccountanoptionbutamustifheorshehasanurgetoattainsuccess.Statedinanotherway,onewillaccomplishnothingifheorshelacksthisquality.
2.逻辑猜词法（连接词猜词法）
例1.Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal
例2.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyears,inflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.
29.Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”（line5,paragraph3）meansthat .
［A］thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime
［B］theinflationratewillsoonrise
［C］theinflationwilldisappearquickly
［D］thereisnoinflationatpresent
例3.Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties–heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.
例4.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.
17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only
例5.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,20adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
20.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[D]supposing
例6.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.
[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore
3.实词/虚词猜词法
例1.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunities foraspiringleaderswillabound.
例2.Americansmachine-toolindustrywasontherope.
例3.cloudsmaycome,butcloudsmustgo,andtheyallhaveasilverlining.Forbehindeachcloud,thesun,ormoonisshining.
例4.Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn'tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn'tcutting,filingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe'dliketo,either.
31.By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”（Line1,Paragraph1）,theauthormeans_____.
[A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness.
[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork.
[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit.
[D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation.
4.通过感情色彩猜词
例1.“Benefits”havebeenweighed20“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
20.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］with
例2.MichelleObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_______childhoodobesityevenadmittingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.
［A］for［B］against［C］with［D］without
例3.hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas____45____themtouniqueevolutionarypressurethathaveresultedinthis_______stateofaffairs.
43.A.limitedB.subjectedC.convertedD.directed
五．近义辨析近形辨析区分义项
近义辨析:
名词：
例1.By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million____ofthesenationslookedhopefullytothefuture
[A]natives[B]inhabitants [C]peoples[D]individuals.
例2.Whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda____thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight…
[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house
例3.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe9toexplainordescribeina10thatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.
10.[A]case[B]means[C]method[D]way
例4.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.
11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses
动词：
例148enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor49vitamins.
48.（A）Supplying（B）Getting（C）Providing（D）Furnishing
例2.Toooften,carelessuseofwords3ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay4unfavorablereactionsinthelistener5interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.
3.[A]encourages[B]prevents[C]destroy[D]offers
例3.Whenworking on radio,forexample,theyhadbecome2toseeing on behalfof thelistener.
[A]experienced[B]determined[C]established[D]accustomed
例4.Changesinthesocialstructuremaydirectly___juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythatleadtofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentingeneralmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.（2004）
A.affectB.reduceC.checkD.reflect
形容词：
例1.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide（30）opportunitiesforleadership.
30. [A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple
例2.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit
14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.
14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient
15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create
近形辨析
例1.Economic/economical;economy;economize
contemptuous；contemptible;contemplative;contemporary
Intellect;intellectual;intelligence;intelligent;
例2.Inasignificant2oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea3billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses4
4.[A]illogical[B]illegal[C]improbable[D]improper
例3.Amanrespires,aspires,perspires,inspires,andfinallyexpires.
第2章核心词根，词缀
时间前缀
1.之前：
fore-/pre-/ex-/pro-
Fore-
1）foremost最前面的，最重要的，一流的
2）foresee预见
3）forefather先父
Pre-/pri-
4）predict预言，预告，预测
5）precede先于，优于
6）preface前言，开端
7）premium保险；奖金
8）prehistoric史前的
9）preschool学龄前的，幼儿园
10）prime最初，最好的，一流的
11）primitive原始的
12）privilege给予特权
13）prior优先的，在前的
14）priority优先权
Pro-
15）professor教授
Confess：
坦诚，坦白；忏悔
Frank:
坦白的；坦率的
16）prospect前景
17）propel推进；驱使
升级会员 