牛津英语新八年级上册Unit1Encyclopaedias教师用.docx

1、牛津英语新八年级上册Unit1Encyclopaedias教师用Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 教师用 一 【单词】 encyclopaedia 百科全书 dinosaur 恐龙 human 人的 Italian 意大利人 perhaps 可能，大概 inventor发明家 invention 发明 musician音乐家 notebook 笔记本 scientist 科学家 include 包括，包含 born 出生 even 甚至 countryside乡村，农村 however然而 intelligence才智，智慧 suddenly 突然，忽然 artistic有艺术天赋的

2、 nobody没有人 ability 才能，能力 fossil 化石 win获胜，赢 dollar 美元 in the countryside 在乡村 human being 人 die out 灭绝，消失 find out 了解，弄清 go for a walk 去散步 二 【课文】 Look it up! Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia. Da Vinci, Leonardo Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, enginee

3、r and scientist. Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had m

4、any inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. Dinosaurs Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some coul

5、d even fly. Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth history) Module 1 Unit 1More practice Austr

6、alias big attractions Australia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions. The Big Banana The Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana. The idea worked. Many people visite

7、d his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia began making big things. The Big Merino The Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of sheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Australia are very dry, so these sheep are very important

8、to the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of wool in Australia.Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merions head and look at the view through its eyes. 必记短语 listen to 听 learn about 了解到 talk about 谈论 in the countryside 在乡村，在农村 be born 出生 human being 人 for

9、 example 例如 die out 灭绝，消失 at the end of 在.的尽头，在.末尾 more than多于 used to 过去常常 know about 知道关于.的情况 one day 有一天 be famous for 因.而出名 so much 如此多 find out了解到，弄清 by the window 在窗户旁边 next to 挨着 be interested in 对.感兴趣 be sure 确信 go for a walk 去散步 in the mountains 在山上 do with 处理 in the newspaper 在报纸上 all kind

10、s of 各种各样的 a number of许多，大量 since then 自从那时 be made up of由.组成，构成 connect.to 把.和.连接起来 三【语言点】1.human，人，也写作human being。 Dogs can hear much better than humans.狗的听觉比人灵敏的多。 练习：1）.We are all h_beings. 2.）Wolves will not usually attack（袭击) h_. 3）These robots are just like h_. 2.learn about 获悉，得知，了解到about是介词

11、，后面接名词，代词做宾语，about 也可用of代替。 例：Were all sorry to learn about her illness.听到她生病的消息，我们都很难过。.I have some questions about dinosaurs. about指代内容比较普遍 ,on 暗指内容是专门的，是学术性的 3.There isnt anybody in the room listen to 意为“听”。listen 意为“听”，指听的过程，强调动作，是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，若表示听某人或某事时，后面要加介词to，to后接名词或代词。 例：Listen to 4.a radi

12、o programme about the “Human Encyclopedia”. 听关于“百科全书”的广播节目。 练习 1.）我很高兴帮你了解中国。 I am glad to help you _ _China. 2.）2我经常听收音机学习英语。 I often _ _ _ _and learn English. 5. Inventor 发明家 He is a famous inventor.他是一位有名的发明家。 【拓展】（1）invent v. 发明，创造，指发明，创造出来的是以前没有的东西。 Gilbert discovered electricity，but Edison inv

13、ented the light bulb. 吉尔伯特发现了电，但爱迪生发明了灯泡。 (2)invention n.发明 The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era. 计算机的发明标志着一个新 时代的开始。6.painter paint 动词改为名词加上后缀-er teach- teacher sing-singer read-reader visit- visitor invent-inventor 有些动词加 上-er或者加上-or变为名词多指男性，若指女性加后缀-ress actor- actress wa

14、iter-waitress tailor-tailoress author-authoress 7.musician 音乐家，可数名词。 a piece of music 一首音乐 listen to music 听音乐 【拓展】music 音乐，乐曲 musical 音乐的 8.Scientist 科学家 【拓展】-ist是表示人的职业类词汇的后缀scient 科学-scientist 科学家 art 艺术-artist 艺术家 piano 钢琴-pianist 钢琴家 violin小提琴-violinist 小提琴家 9.born 出生 be born on +地点 ；be born in

15、出生于 I was bornin1980.我生于1980年。 10.ability 才能，能力，复数是abilities ， have the ability to do sth有能力做某事 11.perhaps 可能，大概 【词语辨析】maybe ，perhaps，possible，probably 这四个词都意为“可能”，但表示可能性大小不一样，其顺序如下： maybe，或许，大概，主要用于非正式场合，常用于口语中，语气比perhaps轻。 perhaps，也许，可能，副词，一般指小于一半可能性，较多的含有“不大可能”的意思。 possibly，也许，或者，可能，可能性较大，用于否定句中表

16、示“无论如何之意 Probably，很可能，大概，在这组中可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。 12. include 包括，包含 The price of the room includes breakfast.房间的租金包括在 早餐在内。 【词语辨析】include , including , included （1）include 为及物动词，意为“包含，包括”指整体中包含明确说出的某些部分，有时不一定举出所包含的全部内容。 The price includes both house and furniture.价钱包括房子和家具 （2）including 介词，意为“包含，包括”

17、There are seven people, including four men. 共有七人，包括四位男士。 （3）included 为形容词，意为“包括在内的”，常用于名词之后。它和including引起的短语含义相同，但是在句中的词序位置不同。 Everybody had something to say, me included/ including me. nobody 没有人，nobody 相当于 not . anybody. I saw nobody.=I didnt see anybody.我没有见到一个人。 13.more than 后接数词，意为“超过，多于 ，相当于ov

18、er He has been ill for more than two weeks,.他病了俩周多。 14.look up 查找，后面接名词或代词做宾语必须放在look与up之间。 Please look it up in the dictionary,if you dont know. 如果你不明白就请查字典。 15.on earth 在地球上，在世界上，在人间，相当于in the world. Dinosaurs lived on earth more than 60 million years before human beings. 在人类之前，恐龙在地球上生活了6千多万年。 【拓展

19、】on earth 意为“究竟”。一般用于疑问词后表示强调 Where on earth have you been just now.刚才你究竟去哪了？ 16.as+形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面一样，前一个 as是副 词，其后跟形容词或副词原级，后一个as是连词，常引导一个省略的比较状语从句。not as +形容词或副词原级+as 表示双方在某个方面不同。 We think science is as important as maths.我们认为自然科学和数学一样重要 I am as tall as my sister.我和姐姐一样高。（tall,形容词） He works

20、as hard as me. 他工作和我同样努力。(hard,副词) She sings as well as me. 她唱得和我一样好。(well,副词) He is not as/so tall as me.= He is shorter than me. 17.used to 意为“过去常常，以前常常”，后面接动词原形，表示过去的习 惯，只表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。 I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常怕黑。 18.something important 意为重要的事情，something 为不定代词，形容词修饰复合不定代

21、词时放在不定代词后面 I want to do something different. 我想做些不同的事。 19.remember 及物动词，意为“记得，记住”，remember to do something 意为“记得去做某事”，remember doing sth 意为“记得做过某事”。 Please remember to post the letter for me. 请记得为我邮这封信。 I remember telling you about her. 我记得告诉过你关于她的事。 20.famous 出名的，著名的，sb +be famous for 指某人以某种知识，技能或特

22、征出名。 sb + be famous as 指某人以某种身份出名，其后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。 e.g.Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity.爱因斯坦以他的相对论而闻名 Einstein was famous as a great scientist.爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著称。 sw+ be famous for 指某地以某种地产而出名。sw +be famous as 指以什么样的产地或地方出名。 This area is famous for its green tea. 这个地区以绿茶而出名。 This area

23、is famous as a green tea producing place.这个地区是著名的绿茶产地。 21.else 意为别的，其他的，通常修饰不定代词something等，疑问代词what等，疑问副词when 等，else 用在这些词之后。 Who else did you see?你还看见别人了吗？ 22.be动词+形容词比较级 +than 表示俩者之间的比较，意为“更.,较.” Our school is bigger than theirs.我们学校比他们学校大。 23.do with 意为“处理”，常与what 连用，表示询问。 What are you going to d

24、o with your old books?你打算怎么处理你的旧书。 【拓展】deal with 意为“解决，应付，处理”后面常接trouble，problem等词，deal with 多与how连用，表示询问。 How did you deal with your book?你怎样处理了你的书？ 【巩固练习】 1. 我们将怎样处理这个问题？ What shall we _ _ this problem? 2. 他的头发比萨姆短。 He has _ hair _Sam. 24.since then 意为“从那时起”用于现在完成时。 Since then he has lived in Beij

25、ing. 25.make up 意为“组成，构成”强调由几部分组成，多用于其被动形式：be made up of. 【巩固练习】 1.五个男学生和两个女学生组成了这个组。 Five boy students and two girl students _ _ the group. 2.从那时起，发生了很多变化。 Many changes have taken place _ _. 25.a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词【巩固练习】 1.地上有许多蚂蚁。 There are _ _ _ ants on the ground. 在超市里有各种各样的事物。 There are _ _

26、_foods in the supermarket. 26.Help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 Help ab with sth. She often helps me to study English.=She often helps me with my English. Help oneself to . Cant help doing .She cant help laughing. 四 易混词组辨析【词汇辨析】win 和beat win 赢，获胜后面接match, game 等名词做宾语 He won a prize yesterday.他昨天得了一个奖。 beat

27、也可表示“打败，战胜”的意思，但此后只能 接表示人的词做宾语，此外，beat还有“敲打”的意思，表示连续不断的动作。 We werent sure we could beat them.我们没有把握能打败他们。 His heart is still beating.他的心脏还在跳动。 【巩固训练】 What an exciting football match !Dalian Shide Team_Shanghai Shenhua. A. won B.lost C.failed D.beat 【词汇辨析】find out、find和look for find out 意为“查明，弄清楚情况”指

28、找出比较难找的抽象事物。 find强调经 过寻找后的结果，表示“发现” I find a watch on the road. 我在路上发现了一块表。 find out 意为“发现，弄清，查明”强调“经过调查，研究或仔细搜寻而得出某一事情的真相或结论” We shall find out the truth early or later.我们迟早会查明真相。 look for 意为“寻找”着重找的过程。 I look for my cat,but I didnt find it. 我到处找我的猫，但是没找到。 【巩固训练】 He decided to _ _what had happened

29、to the boy. 他下决心查明那个男孩发生了什么事情。Lets go and _ _ the answers.让我们去寻找答案。 【词汇辨析】expect 、wait for和look forward to expect 及物动词，意为“期望，指望，认为”强调等待的“心境”（即期待某事会发生，某人会来）。 He is expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。 wait for 强调等待的“活动”（即不做别的事，待在某处去等） I ll wait for her at the station.我会到车站去等他。 look forward to 强调期待者“怀有愉快的心情”，所

30、以被期待的事物必然是愉快的事（如，假日，晚会等），而用expect所期待发生的事，可以是好事，也可以是坏事。 We are looking forward to our holidays.我们盼望假日的来临。【词汇辨析】for example 与 such as 这俩个短语都是“例如”的意思， for example 用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，做插入语，可放在句首，句中或句末。 such as 用来举例，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个为例，插在被例举的事物与名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。 【巩固训练】 I know many of them, _ _Mi

31、ke, Tom ,and Bill. _ _, Ill help you with your study.例如，我会在学习上帮助你。【词汇辨析】a number of 和 the number of a number of 意为“许多”后跟可数名词复数 the number of 意为“.的数目”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Our city has a number of hotels with high standard of services. 我市有许多高品质服务的宾馆。 The number of the teachers in our school is 200. 我们学校有200位老师。新词强化训练 根据汉语提示完成句子 1.I was _(出生） in a small village. 2.Im planning to spend some time in the beautiful _(乡村).I love nature. 3.He