大学英语翻译全教程完美版第9讲.docx

1、大学英语翻译全教程完美版第9讲第九讲翻译理论学习:改革开放以来的翻译中国历史三次翻译高潮:1.东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译,2.明末清初的科技翻译,3.鸦片战争至“五四运动”期间的西方思想和文学翻译。新时期翻译:1977-至今一、1977-1987:对中国翻译理论进行整理和总结阶段1.罗新璋翻译论集(1984“案本求信神似化境”的理论体系2.翻译通讯编辑部选编的翻译研究论文集。3.谭载喜“翻译”:艺术和技术“翻译学”:科学。4. 杨自俭:“翻译学应是研究翻译的思维规律和方法的科学”二、1987-1997:翻译理论体系化和大量引进外国翻译理论阶段杨自俭等:翻译新论陈福康:中国译学理论史稿(1992,大量

2、国外翻译理论:“奈达”:“功能对等”“纽马克”: “语义翻译和交际翻译论”斯坦纳”国际上各种翻译理论流派:如语言学派、结构转换学派、圣经释义学派、意义认识再现学派这一时期翻译理论的特点:语言学理论,面向源文,“信”后期,佛美尔和诺德: “目的论”“功能学派”面向读者,“决定译文面貌的,不是源文,而是翻译目的。”即,不同的读者,可以产生不同的译文。三、1997-今:翻译研究的文化转向期孟昭毅:中国翻译文学史(2003,马祖毅教授等:中国翻译通史。谢天振译介学(1999。国外翻译理论: 佐哈尔和图里的多元系统翻译理论,翻译技巧学习句子的翻译(二:被动句的翻译一、将被动句译成汉语的主动句1.按原顺序

3、译成主动句(1The novel A Dream of RedMansions has been translatedinto many foreign languages.小说红楼梦已译成许多外国文字。(2His long, weekly editorial“Frankly Speaking” thoughsometimes turgid andrepetitious is read bymillions.他每周的长篇专栏“实话实说”有时未免有些华而不实、老生常谈,却仍有千百万人阅读。(3During the World Cup the streets were filled with fo

4、otball fans.世界杯比赛期间,街上挤满了球迷。(4The new Command havingbeen installed, my work therewas done, and I returned togive my report to the House.新的司令部成立后,我在那儿的任务就完成了,于是我就回国向下院作汇报。(5The sense of inferiority that heacquired in his youth hasnever been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感,还没有完全消除。(6On their domestic

5、 stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.在他们国内电台的广播中,中东事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。2.动作发出者译成主语(1Large quantities of fuel are used by modern industry.现代工业耗用大量燃料。(2Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车拖走了。(3While in London, Heikal wasapproached by severalpubl

6、ishers who urged him towrite a book on Nasser.在伦敦时几个出版商前来和海卡尔接洽,敦请他写一本关于纳赛尔的书。(4Cuffs fight with Dobbin, andthe unexpected issue of thatcontest, will long beremembered by every manwho was educated at Dr.Swishtails famous school.凡是在斯威希泰尔博士那有名的学校里念过书的学生,决不能忘记克普和都宾两人打架的经过和后来意想不到的结局。(5By the end of the

7、war 800people had been saved by theorganization, but at the cost ofover 200 Belgian and Frenchlives.大战终了时,这个组织拯救了八百人,但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。3.把原文中的某一部分译成主语(1The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.中国在四千年前发明了指南针。(状主(2The edifice, which is the tallest in the city, was built five year

8、s ago.五年前建造的那座大厦是全市最高的建筑物。(主谓主 (3My brother was taught shorthand by Mr. Cotton.我弟弟的速记是科顿先生教的。(宾主(4Energy is defined as the ability to do work.能的定义为做功的能力。(谓主4.增加逻辑主语(1She hadnt been told Bettes other name, or shed forgotten it.人家没告诉她蓓蒂姓什么,要不然也许是她忘了。(2If you are asked personal questions you need not a

9、nswer them.如果有人向你提出私事的问题,你尽可不答。(3Memoranda were prepared inadvance of private meetingson matters to be discussed.在举行个别交谈之前,我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。(4It has been mentioned thatRebecca, soon after herarrival in Paris, took a verysmart and leading position inthe society of that capital, andwas welcomed at

10、 some of themost distinguished houses ofthe restored French nobility.我曾经说过,利蓓加到达法国首都巴黎不久之后,便在上流社会出入,又时髦,又出风头,连好些光复后的王亲国戚都和她来往。(5He was found repairing the machine in the workshop.有人看见他正在车间里修机器。二、将被动句译成汉语的判断句“是的”(1The poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the lyre.诗歌吟唱时是用七弦琴伴奏的。(2The credit syst

11、em in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.美国的学分制是一八七二年在哈佛大学首先实施的。(3Everything in the world is built up from atoms.世间万物都是由原子构成的。(4The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.那部科幻小说是我的一个朋友译成中文的。(5These books are specially written for children.这些书是特别为孩子们

12、写的。三、将被动句译成汉语的无主句“把”、“将”、“对”(1In many countries, authority is seldom, if ever, questioned.在很多国家,很少向权威提出质疑。(2Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口,在图尔库还建成了一所大学。(3All the data available should becollected and studied with carebefore one works at a the

13、ory.在制定理论前,应该把现有的所有数据资料都认真地搜集和研究。(4Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.发现了错误一定要改正。(5No conclusion has been reached so far.到目前为止没有得出结论。(6Your plan could be fulfilled on time if more efforts were made.如果作更大的努力就可以按时完成你的计划了。四、将被动句译成汉语的被动句“被”、“受”1.用“被、遭/受、给、得”等字(1I hope that the resolution of

14、 theGeneral Assembly will at lastbe respected by memberstates and by Israel inparticular.我希望大会的各项决议终将得到各会员国,尤其是以色列的尊重。(2I was possessed by the very novelty of what I did.我被自己所干的事的新鲜劲迷住了。(3Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.立功的人将受到奖励。(4Our roof was damaged in last nights storm.在昨夜的暴风雨中

15、,我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。(5I was seized with sadness as Ithought of how the ancient cityhad been spared during theSecond World War and nowmight be destroyed by animpending riot.我想到了这座古城在二战时得到幸免而现在却要遭到即将来临的暴乱的破坏,内心感到悲伤。(6I started to explain that Icouldnt do my best since myspectacles had been takenaway from me,

16、but shewouldnt let me finish.我开始解释,我不可能干得很好,因为我的眼镜已给拿走了,但她不准我讲完。2.用“由”、“让”等字(1Two-thirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and birch.面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、云杉林和白桦林所覆盖。(2With a true democratic system,he said, Egypt would not have been defeated by Israel in 1967. 他 说 倘有一个真正的民 主制度，埃及在

17、 1967 年就不会让以 色列打败。 （3）The cyclist was knocked down by a truck. 那 个 骑车人 让 一辆卡车 撞倒了。 （4）The design will be examined by a special committee. 这 项 设计将 由 一个专门 委员会予以审查。 21 3用“予以”、“加以”等字 （1）The design will be examined by a special committee. 这项设计将由一个专门委员 会予以审查。 （2） Problems should be resolved in good time. 有问题要及时加以解决。 4. 用“为所”句式。 （1）I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动，后 来我就把这些话写在圣诞贺卡上。 22 （ 2 ） Once the people had been accepted by the organization, they were brought to Brussels. 这些人一旦为该组织所接 纳，就被送到布鲁塞尔去。 23