新版译林9Aunit14语法复习教案课案.docx

1、新版译林9Aunit14语法复习教案课案9A unit1-4 Grammar Review教师 张敏学生姓名陈雪洁 上课日期 2016-1-9学科 英语年级初三备课时间 2016/1/5-8类型一对一学案主题 9A unit1-4 语法复习排课时段90分钟教学目标1. 连接词2. 宾语从句3. 定语从句教学过程9A unit1-4 语法复习1. 连接词 1) and，but, or, so 的用法And “和，又”表并列，顺承或增补。But “但是” 表转折（however “然而，但是”, 连接句子得用“，”隔开）or “或者” 表选择；也表示否则，不然so “因此，所以” 表因果，常用来连

2、接两个简单句 2）both and “两者都”谓语动词用复数Not only but also “不仅而且” 强调后者，就进Eitheror “要么.要么” 两者选一，就进Neithernor “既不也不” 就进原则2. 宾语从句注意！宾语从句小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。1) 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (

3、动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2).连接词(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.注意：that 不能省略的情况 A当宾语从句的主语是that 时。 He says that that is a useful book. B. 当宾语从句为主从复合句时 Im afraid that if youv

4、e lost it, you must pay for it. C. 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都可以省略。 He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.(2). 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei .

5、注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if eg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not? c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导

6、词后要用陈述句语序。E.g. Could you tell me whats the matterwrong with you? 特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。3).宾语从句时态(1).当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）?(2).当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：I didnt know （if/whether he had seen

7、the film.）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said （that the earth moves round the sun.）The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）4). 人称的变化和标点的使用(1). 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. He asked

8、 me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.(2). 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? Do you know where he lives?5

9、) 宾语从句的转化(1). 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.(2).当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：I dont know which sweater I sh

10、ould buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.(3).当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Could you tell me how to get to the park?(4). 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式

11、或V-ing形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.6). Exercise 13. 时间状语从句1). when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析：(1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”，when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。注意体会如下例句：Ill call you when I get there. W

12、hen the wind blows, all the doors rattle. He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. (2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”，它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行，用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中，主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词，例如：Study while you study; p

13、lay while you play. I met her while I was at school.(3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当时，一边一边”，侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)，或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如：He jumps as he goes along. I slipped on the ice as I ran home. I saw him as he was getting off the bus. As the wind rose the noise increased. （2）Exercise22). before和afte

14、r 引导的时间状语从句分析：(1) before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如：See me before you leave. Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. I saw them after I arrived. I found his pen after he has left. (2) Exercise 33). till和 until 引导的时间状语从句分析：(1) till和 u

15、ntil这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同，一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式，till在口语中更为常见)。till和 until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“到为止”，跟主句里否定形式的、表示非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到才(开始)”.例如：Walk till you come to a white house. We didnt discuss the problem until he came back. (2) Exercise 44). since引导的时间状语从句分析：(1)since引导的时间状语从句表示“

16、自从以来”，其用法主要有两种：现在完成时的主句+since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如：He hasnt been home since he graduated. They have been friends ever since they were in grade school.(2) It be(主句中谓语用一般式和用完成式区别不大，后者更具强调意味)+表示一段时间的词汇+since引导的时间状语从句。例如：It is two years since I have become a postgraduate student. It was three years since

17、we had been there. 注意：since做介词时也表示“自从以来”，其具体用法有两种情况：(3) since+表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点)。例如：They have been friends since childhood. Shes been skiing since childhood. I have been there many times since the war. (4) since+表示一段时间的词汇+ago。例如：I have been here since five months ago.(5) Exercise 55). befor

18、e和until 辨析把握住两者使用时本身的含义及主句动词是终止性的，还是延续性的，肯定式，还 是否定式两大点，（1）在下列情况下，两者可互换用，但含义略有不同。before表示“在之前”的意思，强调时间先后关系；而until表示“直到才”的意思，主句是肯定句则表示主句动作的终止时间；主句是否定句则强调主句动作的起始时间。A .主句为否定式终止性谓语动词。常见的动词是open, start, leave, arrive, finish,stop等。例如：a The noise of the street didnt stop until/before it was midnight.b The

19、children wont come back until/before it is dark. c. I didnt leave the lovely boy until/before his mother came home. B. 主句为肯定式、延续性谓语词，这类动词用stand, stay, talk, be, wait等。例如：A He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school. B I will wait until/before he comes to my help.C I shall stay h

20、ere until/before you come back.(2) 在下列情况下，用before不用until。 A.主句这肯定式、终止性谓语动词，只用before。例：a. He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.b. We arrived there before it started to rain.c. The holiday came to the end before I knew it.d. He almost knocked me down before he saw me.B. .主句谓语动词强调动词的迟缓性，只

21、用before，常伴有时间段状语或时间段暗示。例： a. It was quite some time before he found the elephant at all.b. We had walked a long way before we found some water.c. We had sailed for two days before we saw the land.d. The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control it.e. It was midnight before m

22、y brother came home.f. It was three months before they met again.C. .如果强调从句谓语动作未发生，就发生主句谓语动作，只用before。常译为“未及”，“不”或“不等就”。例：a. We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.b. I must write it down before I forget it.c. We do want to buy something now before prices go up.D. 表“与其说倒不如”，“与其毋宁”只

23、用before。例： a. I would give up my job before Id agree to be dismissed.b. He will die of hunger before he will steal.E. 在某些特定句型中用before。例如：a. It was not long before the whole country rose up.b. It will probably not be long before they understand each other.3) 下列情况一般区别用until。A.主句是持续性谓语动词时，肯定、否定都可以，但意义完

24、全不同。肯定表动作终止， 而否定表动作开始。例如：a. We discussed the problem until/before he came back.我们一直讨论到他回来。b. We didnt discuss the problem until he came back.我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。B. .notuntil句型尽管在某些情况下可与before互换用，但在强调句中一般仍用until。a. It was not until he told me that I knew it.b. It was not until he finished his homework th

25、at he went home. 备注课堂作业巩固练习一 宾语从句（exercise1）1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell _. . A. when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the way C. where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate2. -What time will Mr. Brown be back to C

26、hina? -Sorry. I dont know _. . A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad3. -May I come in ? Im sorry I am late. -Come in, please. But could you please tell me _. ? A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then C. who you ta

27、lked with D. how do you come to school4. -Could you please tell me _. ? -Bus No.32 will take you right there. A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows

28、 _. . A. where they have been B. where are they C. where are they from D. where they have gone6. -Do you know _. the Capital Museum? -Next Friday. A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited7. He wanted to know _.the English party. A. when will we have

29、 B. when we will have C. when would we have D. when we would have8. I want to know _. . A. when we should arrive at the airport B. when should we arrive at the airport C. when the airport we should arrive at D. when the airport should we arrive at9.-David, look at the man in white over there. Can yo

30、u tell me _. ? -He is a doctor. A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is10. -Could you tell me _. ? He is wanted by the head teacher. -Sorry, Ive no idea. But he _ here just now. A. where Tim; was B. where is Tim; was C. where Tim is; was D. where Tim is; is11. -Did Mrs. King leave a message? -Yes. She wanted to know _ this Sunday. A. who you would go shopping B. if you would go shopping with her C. that you will go shopping D. when will you go shopping with her12.-Im