改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点.docx

1、改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点12月改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点（1）“中华人民共和国老式文化”必备词句作者：物院学生会12月四六级考纲关于翻译题有两点大纲变动1、句子翻译改为段落汉译英翻译2、考试范畴由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会生活、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中华人民共和国老式文化”，其中亮点就是新增了难度较大文化领域。为此，针对老式文化，需要掌握如下文化语句通用表达，必背16句!一、对龙图腾她崇拜在中华人民共和国大概已绵延了八千近年。中华人民共和国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集

2、合而成一种神物。中华人民共和国龙形成与中华民族多元融合过程同步。在中华人民共和国人心目中，龙具备振奋腾飞、开拓变化寓意和团结凝聚精神。ChineseDragonDragontotemworshipinChinahasbeenaroundforthelast8,000years.TheancientsinChinaconsideredthedragon(orloong)afetishthatcombinesanimalsincludingthefish,snake,horseandoxwithcloud,thunder,lightningandothernaturalcelestialpheno

3、mena.TheChinesedragonwasformedinaccordancewiththemulticulturalfusionprocessoftheChinesenation.TotheChinese,thedragonsignifiesinnovationandcohesion.二、秧歌舞是中华人民共和国汉族一种民间老式舞蹈，普通在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者普通穿上明亮多彩表演服装，她们表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不论外面天气有多冷，她们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中华人民共和国东北某些都市老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞

4、来保持健康，同事她们也乐在其中。YangkoisoneoftraditionfolkdanceofHaninChina.Itisusuallyperformedinnorthernprovinces.Thedancersusuallywearcolorfulandlightcostumes,andtheperformanceispowerfulandrapid.DuringsomefestivalssuchasSpringFestival,LanteinFestival,ifpeoplehearthesoundofdrumandgong,nomatterhowcoldtheweatheris,

5、theywillcometostreetandappreciatetheYangko.Recentyears,theoldpeopleincityofeast-northernofChinaorganizedtheteamofYangkobythemselves,theteamerskeeptheirhealthbydancingYangkothewholeyear.三、长城是人类创造世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中华人民共和国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔同样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”事实上，长城最初只是某些断断续续城墙，直到秦朝统一中华人民共和

6、国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天咱们看到长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大某些都是在明代修建。TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbyhumanbeings!IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,itsjustlikegoingPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,HewhodoestnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.I

7、nfact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnotbecometheGreatWalluntiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayunguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.四、DumplingsDumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeoplesfavoritetradition

8、aldishes.AccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedicalsaint-ZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:1)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;2)preparethedumplingstuffing;3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioust

9、aste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.Theresanoldsayingthatclaims,“Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings”.DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeopleliketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreveren

10、ceforfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenewyear.饺子是深受中华人民共和国人民爱慕老式食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景创造。饺子制作是涉及：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个环节。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃但是饺子”俗语。中华人民共和国人接亲待客、逢年过节均有包饺子吃习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情中华人民共和国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕

11、、辞旧迎新必不可少内容。五、AcupunctureAcupunctureisanimportantpartoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM).Inaccordancewiththe“mainandcollateralchannels”theoryinTCM,thepurposeofacupunctureistodredgethechannelandregulateqiandblood,soastokeepthebodysyinandyangbalancedandachievereconciliationbetweentheinternalorgans.Itfea

12、turesintraditionalChinesemedicinethat“internaldiseasesaretobetreatedwithexternaltherapy”.Themaintherapyofacupunctureinvolvesusingneedlestopiercecertainacupointsofthepatientsbody,oradoptingmoxibustiontostimulatethepatientsacupointssoastostimulatethechannelsandrelievepain.Withitsuniqueadvantages,acupu

13、ncturehasbeenhandeddowngenerationaftergenerationandhasnowspreadallovertheworld.Nowadays,acupuncture,alongwithChinesefood,kungfu(otherwiseknownasChinesemartialarts),andtraditionalChinesemedicine,hasbeeninternationallyhailedasoneofthe“fournewnationaltreasures.”针灸是中医学重要构成某些。按照中医经络理论，针灸疗法重要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，

14、来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目。其特点是“内病外治”。重要疗法是用针刺入病人身体一定穴位，或用艾火温热刺激烧灼病人穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛目。针灸以其独特优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中华人民共和国“新四大国粹”。六、ChineseKungFuChinesekungfu,orChinesemartialarts,carriestraditionalChinesecultureinabundance.ItisatraditionalChinesesportwhichappliestheartofattackanddefenceincombatandt

15、hemotionsengagedwithaseriesofskillandtricks.ThecoreideaofChinesekingfuisderivedfromtheConfuciantheoryofboth“themeanandharmony”and“cultivatingqi”(otherwiseknownasnourishingonesspirit).Meanwhile,italsoincludesthoughtsofTaoismandBuddhism.Chinesekungfuhasalonghistory,withmulti-varioussectsandmanydiffere

16、ntboxingstyles,andemphasizescouplinghardnesswithsoftnessandinternalandexternaltraining.Itcontainstheancientgreatthinkersponderingoflifeandtheuniverse.Theskillsinwieldingthe18kindsofweaponsnamedbythelatergenerationsmainlyinvolvetheskillsofbare-handedboxing,suchasshadowboxing(Taijiquan),formandwillbox

17、ing(Xingyiquan),eighttrigrampalm(Baguazhang),andtheskillsofkungfuweaponry,suchastheskillofusingswords,spears,two-edgedswordsandhalberds,axes,tomahawks,kooks,prongsandsoon.中华人民共和国功夫即中华人民共和国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中中华人民共和国老式体育项目，承载着丰富中华人民共和国民族老式文化。其核心思想是儒家中和养气之说，同步兼容了道家、释家思想。中华人民共和国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外

18、兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，重要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。七、Chinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeoplerememberthings.Afteralongperiodofdevelopment,itfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.Thewritingsystem,whi

19、chwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshells,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:bronzeinscriptions,officialscript,regularscript,cursivescript,runningscript,etc.Chinesecharact

20、ersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinside,whichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare“-“(thehorizontalstroke)“”(theverticalstroke),“”(theleft-fallingstroke),“”(theright-fallingstroke),and“乙”(theturningstroke).中文是从原始人用以记事简朴图画，通过不断演

21、变发展最后成为一种兼具音、形、意韵独特文字。现存中华人民共和国古代最早成熟文字是甲骨文，被以为是当代中文初形。此后，中文又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同阶段。中文构造“外圆内方“，源于古人”天圆地方“观念。中文有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。八、ChineseChopsticksTheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.Chopstickswerenamedzhuinancien

22、tChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,butpossessmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclamping,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scooping,poking,tearing,andsoon.ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexample,thepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratwed

23、dingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkoronesownhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof“Harmonyiswhatmatters”.ChopsticksarehighlypraisedbyWesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.中华人民共和国人使用筷子就餐方式在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷历史已有三千近年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简朴，

24、但却同步具备夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等各种功能。中华人民共和国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子祝愿等。与使用刀叉以及手抓方式不同，成双结对筷子具有“和为贵“意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老东方文明。九、ChineseSealAsealcanalsobedefinedasastamp.BoththeChineseofficialandprivatesealofvariousdynastieshavedifferenttitles,suchasstamp,zhunote,contract,fu,leaseandothers.Thesealsusedbytheemperorsofa

25、ncientChinawerecalledxi,yin,bao,etc.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,sealswerewidelyusedduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475BC-221BC).Themakingofasealistoengravefonts,suchassealcharactersandofficialscriptandsoon;orimagesintheformofintaglioandembossmentintotheseal,basicallyshapedasroundorsquare.Coveredwithav

26、ermilionoverlay,theChinesesealisnotonlyusedindailylife,butitisalsousedtorepresentsignaturesonpaintingsandcalligraphies.ItisgraduallybecomingoneofChinasuniqueartworks.印章就是图章。中华人民共和国历代官、私所用印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同称谓，而帝王所用印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色钤盖，除寻常应用外，又多用于

27、书画题识，逐渐成为中华人民共和国特有艺术形式之一。十、ChineseEraTheChineseeraisthesymbolthattheChinesecalendarusesforrecordingandnamingyears.ThetenHeavenlyStemsare:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,gui.ThetwelveEarthlyBranchesare:zi.chou,yin,mou,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,hai.Afterobservingthelunarmonth,theancientsfoundthat

28、themoonalwayswazesandwanesroughly12timesayear,andtwolunarmonthsaccountforabout60days,sotheorderofthetenHeavenlyStemsandtheorderofthetwelveEarthlyBranchesareproperlymatchedinturn.Intermsofrecordingdate,60yearsisconsideredtobeafulltimecycle.TheChineseerachronologywasfirstinventedinancienttimesandisstillinusenow.accordingtothechronologyofthe“tenHeavenlyStems,”istheyearof“theseventhofthetenHeavenlyStems”and“thefifthofthetw