改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点.docx
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改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点
12月改革后四六级段落翻译考纲新增考点
(1)“中华人民共和国老式文化”必备词句作者:
物院学生会
12月四六级考纲关于翻译题有两点大纲变动
1、句子翻译改为段落汉译英翻译
2、考试范畴由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会生活、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中华人民共和国老式文化”,其中亮点就是新增了难度较大文化领域。
为此,针对老式文化,需要掌握如下文化语句通用表达,必背16句!
一、
对龙图腾她崇拜在中华人民共和国大概已绵延了八千近年。
中华人民共和国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成一种神物。
中华人民共和国龙形成与中华民族多元融合过程同步。
在中华人民共和国人心目中,龙具备振奋腾飞、开拓变化寓意和团结凝聚精神。
Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.
二、
秧歌舞是中华人民共和国汉族一种民间老式舞蹈,普通在北方省份表演。
秧歌舞者普通穿上明亮多彩表演服装,她们表演动作有力迅速。
在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间,人们一旦听到锣鼓声,不论外面天气有多冷,她们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。
近年来,中华人民共和国东北某些都市老年人自发组织了了秧歌队,队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康,同事她们也乐在其中。
Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.
三、
长城是人类创造世界奇迹之一。
如果你到了中华人民共和国却没去过长城,就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔,或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔同样。
人们常说:
“不到长城非好汉。
”事实上,长城最初只是某些断断续续城墙,直到秦朝统一中华人民共和国后才将其连城长城。
然而,今天咱们看到长城——东起山海关,西至嘉峪关——大某些都是在明代修建。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings!
If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids!
Men often say, "He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man."In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.
四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint---Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings:
1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.
饺子是深受中华人民共和国人民爱慕老式食品。
相传为古代医圣张仲景创造。
饺子制作是涉及:
1) 擀皮、2) 备馅、3) 包馅水煮三个环节。
其特点是皮薄馅嫩,味道鲜美,形状独特,百食不厌。
民间有“好吃但是饺子”俗语。
中华人民共和国人接亲待客、逢年过节均有包饺子吃习俗,寓意吉利。
对崇尚亲情中华人民共和国人来说,“更岁交子”吃饺子,更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少内容。
五、Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the body’s yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patient’s body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patient’s acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”
针灸是中医学重要构成某些。
按照中医经络理论,针灸疗法重要是通过疏通经络、调和气血,来达到阴阳归于平衡,使脏腑趋于调和之目。
其特点是“内病外治”。
重要疗法是用针刺入病人身体一定穴位,或用艾火温热刺激烧灼病人穴位,以达到刺激经络。
治疗病痛目。
针灸以其独特优势,流传至今并传播到了世界,与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中华人民共和国“新四大国粹”。
六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing one’s spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers’ pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.
中华人民共和国功夫即中华人民共和国武术,是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中中华人民共和国老式体育项目,承载着丰富中华人民共和国民族老式文化。
其核心思想是儒家中和养气之说,同步兼容了道家、释家思想。
中华人民共和国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多,讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修,蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙参悟。
后世所称十八般武艺,重要指:
徒手拳艺,如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等;器械功夫,如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
七、Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles:
bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “---“ (the horizontal stroke) “│” (the vertical stroke), “/”( the left-falling stroke), “\” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).
中文是从原始人用以记事简朴图画,通过不断演变发展最后成为一种兼具音、形、意韵独特文字。
现存中华人民共和国古代最早成熟文字是甲骨文,被以为是当代中文初形。
此后,中文又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同阶段。
中文构造“外圆内方“, 源于古人”天圆地方“观念。
中文有五种基本笔画,即:
横、竖、撇、捺、折。
八、Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.
中华人民共和国人使用筷子就餐方式在世界上独树一帜。
有史记载用筷历史已有三千近年。
筷子古时称为箸,它看似简朴,但却同步具备夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等各种功能。
中华人民共和国民间视筷子为吉祥之物,如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子祝愿等。
与使用刀叉以及手抓 方式不同,成双结对筷子具有“和为贵“意蕴。
西方人赞誉筷子是古老东方文明。
九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of China’s unique artworks.
印章就是图章。
中华人民共和国历代官、私所用印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同称谓,而帝王所用印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。
据史料记载,印章在战国时代已普遍使用。
印章制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳形式雕刻而成,形状以圆、方为主。
印章用朱色 钤盖,除寻常应用外,又多用于书画题识,逐渐成为中华人民共和国特有艺术形式之一。
十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are:
jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are:
zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the tw