1、八上英语知识点Unit 1【how often】how often用来询问动作的频率,即动作“多长时间发生一次”,回答可用once/twice/three times a day“一天一(两、三)次”,sometimes“有时”,never“从不”,very often“经常”等。例如:-How often do you read English books?你多长时间看一次英语书?-Every day.每天。-How often does he go to the movies?他多久去看一次电影?-Twice a week.一周两次。【watch】watch用作及物动词,用来指非常仔细地,
2、有目的和特意的动作,表示“注视,观看,监视”之意。也常用于“看电视,看比赛”等短语中。例如: The teacher often watches us playing games.老师经常观看我们做游戏。 Theyre going to watch the football match tomorrow.明天他们将去观看那场足球比赛。【want】(1)want sb to do sth意为“想让某人做某事”,其否定want sb not to sth,意为“想要某人不要做某事”。例如: Mr Li wants you not to stand here.李老师让你不要站在这儿。(2)want作
3、及物动词,意为“想要”,其后可接名词、动词不定式等。例如: I want to speak good English.我想讲一口流利的英语。 I want some green tea.我想要些绿茶。(1)be good for意为“对有好处,对”有益,有效,适用”,后接表示人或事物的名词。例如: Reading books is good for you. 读书对你有好处。 The medicine is good for headaches. 这药可治头痛。 Vegetables are good for us. 蔬菜对我们有益处。(2)health 是个不可数名词,意思是“健康(状况)”
4、,常用于be in good (poor, bad) health短语中,表示“身体好(不好)”。例如: Health is better than wealth. 健康胜于财富。 He often comes home to see his mother, because she is in bad health.因他妈妈身体不好,他常回家看望他的妈妈。【habit】habit 作名词,意为“(个人)习惯,习性”。例如: I have a good habit of reading.我有良好的读书习惯。 Habit is second nature.习惯成自然。【pretty】pretty作
5、副词,意为“相当,颇”,用于修饰形容词或副词。例如: Its pretty cold today.今天相当冷。相关链接:pretty还可作形容词,意为“美丽可爱的”,多用于指小孩、妇女或较细小的东西,语气较弱。例如:She is a pretty girl.她是一个漂亮的小姑娘。I have a pretty house.我有一个漂亮的房子。(1)try to do sth意为“尽力去做某事,努力做某事”。例如; I will try to help you.我将尽力去帮助你。相关链接:与try搭配的短语:try doing sth则表示“试着去做某事”。例如: I will try answ
6、ering the question.我将试着回答这个问题。try/do ones best to do sth意为“尽力做某事”。例如: We should try/do our best to help the people in trouble.我们应该尽力帮助处于困境中的人。(2)a lot of=lots of意为“许多”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,多用于肯定句中,在否定句中和疑问句中则多用many或much.例如: I have a lot of books.我有许多书。 There is a lot of money in the bag.在袋子里有很多钱。【look
7、 after】(1)look after在本句的意思是“留意,重视”,还可表示“照看,照顾”。例如: I have to look after my sick sister at home. 我不得不在家照看生病的妹妹。 You must look after yourself. 你应该照顾好你自己。 You must look after your things. 你必须照看好你的东西。(2)look after相当于take care of.例如: Please look after your baby well.Please take good care of your baby. 请照
8、顾好你的孩子。Unit 2(1)matter作名词时,意为“事情,问题,情况”。(2)当看到某人心情沮丧,闷闷不乐,或是身体不舒服时,可使用本句询问对方,句中的matter前一定要加冠词the。意思为“困扰的事,麻烦事,故障”,后面常接介词with,再接“人”,也可接“物”。同义句为Whats wrong with sb/sth?或Whats the trouble?例如: Whats the matter with you?Whats wrong with you?Whats your trouble? 你怎么了? Whats the matter with your pen?Whats w
9、rong with your pen? 你的钢笔出了什么毛病了? There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表出了些问题。 There is nothing wrong with your TV set. 你的电视没问题。【have】have/have got a+疾病名词,意思是“得了病”。例如: He has (got) a toothache. 他牙疼。 He has (got) a stomachache and cant go to school. 他胃疼,不能上学。 Yesterday she had a headache. 昨天她头疼。
10、She has a cough and has to see the doctor. 她咳嗽,不得不去看医生。【should】should是一个情态动词,意思是“应当”,表示义务、责任,可用于各种人称。其后跟动词原形。例如: You should brush your teeth before you go to bed.你在睡觉前应该刷牙。 Children should be taught to speak the truth.应该教导儿童说实话。 You should do what your parents tell you.你应该照你父母的话办。 He should do some
11、work, but he doesnt want to do.他应该做些工作,但是他不想做。【believe】(1)believe后跟的是that引导的宾语从句,believe作动词,意为“相信”,常用于believe+宾语或that从句中,也用于“believe+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。例如: I believe him(或what he says).我相信他所说的话。 I believe him honest.我认为他是诚实的。(2)believe引导宾语从句时,如否定从句动作,则往往用承前否定。例如: I dont believe he can fix the bike.我认为他修不好这
12、辆自行车。 I cant believe its true.我相信那不是真的。 They dont believe shell come.他们相信她不会来了。【for example】for example意为“例如”,可用于句中、句首或句末。例如: I must buy a lot of school things, for example, notebooks, pen and ruler.我必须买许多学习用品,比如:笔记本,钢笔和尺子。 I know some students in your class-Lucy, Lily and Tony, for example.我认识你们班的一
13、些人,比如:Lucy, Lily和Tony。【too much】too是副词,much是形容词“许多的,大量的”,too much则是“过于,太多”,作定语修饰不可数名词,还可以单独使用作主语、表语、状语等。例如: I have too much homework to do.我有太多的家庭作业要做。相关链接:much too的中心词为too,much修饰too,用来加强语气,意思为“太,非常,极其”等,后接形容词或副词。例如: Its much too cold.天气太冷了。Unit 3“be+doing” 表示将要做某事,或计划打算做某事。其中be是助动词,它有人称和单复数的变化。be包括
14、am, is, are。第一人称单数I与am搭配;第二人称单数you和所有复数人称与are搭配;第三人称单数he, she, it与is搭配。doing为“v.+ing”形式。1在肯定句中,结构为“be+doing”。例如: I am going shopping this afternoon.我打算今天下午去购物。 You are going fishing, arent you?你打算去钓鱼,不是吗? He is visiting his grandparents for vacation.你打算假期去看望他的祖父母。2在否定句中,在be之后加not。例如: Im not going sh
15、opping this afternoon.我不打算今天下午去购物。 You arent going fishing, are you?你不打算去钓鱼,是吗? He isnt visiting his grandparents for vacation.你不打算假期去看望他的祖父母。3一般疑问句是将be置于句首。例如:-Are you going shopping this afternoon?你打算今天下午去购物吗?-Yes, I am/we are.是的,我/我们是。-No, Im not./we arent.不,我/我们不是。-Is he visiting his grandparent
16、s for vacation?他打算假期去看望他祖父母吗?-Yes, he is./No, he isnt.是的,他是。/不,他不是。4特殊疑问句是“疑问词+一般疑问句语序”。例如: What are you doing for vacation?你假期打算做什么? When is he going camping?他打算什么时候去野营? Where is she going?她打算去哪儿? Who are you going there with?你打算和谁一起去那里?【go camping】go camping意为“去野营”,“go+另一动词的-ing形式”表示去进行这一活动,这种-ing
17、形式的动词是现在分词,可以看作为go的表语,前面不能用some或其他数概念的词修饰。例如:go shopping 去买东西go swimming 去游泳go boating 去划船go skating 去溜冰go walking 去散步go climbing 去登山go dancing 去跳舞go hiking 去徒步远足go sightseeing 去观光【sound】(1)sound是系动词,后接形容词作表语,也可跟名词或like引导的介词短语。例如: Your plan sounds like a good one.你的计划听起来很不错。 This song sounds beautif
18、ul.这首歌听起来很优美。(2)sound用作名词,意为“声音,音响”。例如: We can hear a strange sound.我们能听到一种奇怪的声音。相关链接:与sound类似的词还有look, turn, feel, become, get, taste(尝起来), smell(闻起来)等均可用作系动词。 He looks young.他看起来很年轻。 The flower smells sweet.那花闻起来很香。(1)how aboutwhat about,用于询问对方或第三者与情景有关的各种情况。例如: I like red. What about/How about yo
19、u?我喜欢红色,你呢? How about your math and physics? 数学和物理怎么样?(2)how about/what about还可用于向对方提出一个建议,或征求对方的意见,后接名词或动词的-ing形式。例如: What/How about a cup of tea?来杯茶好吗?Unit 4(1)询问去某地的交通方式,用how提问。how作疑问副词,还可表示“如何怎样,以何种方式或手段”。例如: How should I do? 我该怎么做?(2)get表示“到达”,是不及物动词,若加宾语,后需跟介词to.例如: When can you get to school?
20、你何时可以到达学校? When will she get to Shanghai?她什么时候将到达上海?(3)get后跟副词时,不需加to.例如: I usually get home at six oclock.我通常六点钟到家。 I will get there on time.我会按时到那里的。(1)“take+the+交通工具”用于表示“乘”,相当于“by+交通工具”。例如:It will save you a lot of time if you go there taking the subway.如果你坐地铁去那里,可以节省很多时间。(2)与交通方式相关的动词短语。例如:take
21、 the subway乘地铁take the bus乘公共汽车drive a car开小车ride a bike骑自行车take the train乘火车take a taxi乘出租车(3)还有一些介词短语也可表示交通方式。例如:by bus乘公共汽车 by plane乘飞机by ship乘轮船 by boat乘船by train乘火车 by taxi乘出租on foot步行 It takes sb some time to do sth.是一固定句型,意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间。”it是形式主语,不定式to do是真正的主语,如果我们对这一宾语提问时,就用how long(多久)引导一
22、个特殊疑问句。例如:-How long does it take you to go home on foot? 你步行回家需要花多少时间?-It takes about fifteen minutes. 大约需要十五分钟。 It took me too much time to do the problem. 解这道题花了我太多的时间【around】around为副词,意为“大约”,同义词为about。例如: There are around forty students in the classroom.在教室里大约有40个学生。 The boy is around ten years o
23、ld.这个男孩大约十岁。【take】It takes sb some time to do sth.是一固定句型,意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间。”it是形式主语,不定式to do是真正的主语,如果我们对这一宾语提问时,就用how long(多久)引导一个特殊疑问句。例如:-How long does it take you to go home on foot? 你步行回家需要花多少时间?-It takes about fifteen minutes. 大约需要十五分钟。 It took me too much time to do the problem. 解这道题花了我太多的时间。【h
24、ow far】how far“多远”,用于询问两地间的距离,答语要用表示距离的词语。例如:-How far is it from Beijing to Shanghai?从北京到上海有多远?-About several thousand kilometers.大约有几千千米。-How far is it from here to the hospital?从这里到医院大约有多远?-About ten minutes walk.大约走10分钟的路程。相关链接:在回答How far的提问时,有两种情形:(1)有具体数字时,应与away from连用,表示具体距离的计量,口语中away可省去。(2)
25、没有具体数字时,应用far或near作答。例如: How far away is the moon from the earth?从地球到月球有多远? It is 380,000 kilometers away from the earth.从地球到月球有380,000公里。 Its very far.那很远。【most students】most students意为“大多数学生”,most前不加冠词,作代词用,表示大多数,后面常接表示范围的of介词短语,most的单、复数概念,取决于of后面的名词,谓语动词根据of后的名词来决定。例如: Most of us are going to th
26、e field trip.我们大多数人要去郊游。 Most of the mooncake is bad.那块月饼的大部分坏了。注意:most of后面的名词要用冠词、物主代词或指示代词修饰;人称代词则用宾格。【also】also意为“也”,含有较庄重的色彩,通常置于be或助动词之后,实义动词之前。例如: He also learns English.他也学英语。 She is rich and she is also selfish.她很富,也很自私。相关链接:too也有“也”的意思,是副词,但常用在句末,前边加逗号隔开。例如: He like English, too.他也喜欢英语。 I
27、like bananas, but I like oranges, too.我喜欢香蕉,可我也喜欢橘子。【must be】must be意为“一定”,在这里表示推测,只用在肯定句中,否定句中表推测用cant代替。例如: It must be more delicious.那肯定更好吃。 He must be late for school today.今天他上学很可能迟到。 Li Ming cant forget my name.李明不可能忘记我的名字。Unit 5(1)Can you.?意为“你能吗?”是客气地请求某人做某事的句子。接受邀请常用I would (Id) love to或者Th
28、anks a lot for或者Certainly.来应答。如有事不能接受邀请,则说:Im sorry, but I cant.这种句式中,用could比can语气委婉,显得有礼貌,而用can则较随便。例如:-Can you come to my home for dinner?你能来我家吃晚餐吗?-Im sorry, I cant.很抱歉,我不能来。-Can you go shopping with me?你能和我一起去购物吗?-Sure, Id love to.当然可以,我很乐意。(2)on Saturday afternoon意为“周六下午”,在具体的某一天或某一天的早上、中午、晚上则用
29、介词on.。例如: I met my friend Li Ming on the morning of October 1, 2003.2003年10月1日的早上我见到了我的朋友李明。 We always play football on Wednesday afternoon.我们总是在周三下午踢足球。(1)Sure常用于口语之中,作为说话人较有把握的肯定回答,意思是“当然可以,当然愿意”,相当于Certainly或Yes.例如: -May I use your ruler?我能用一下你的尺子吗?-Sure.当然可以。 -Would you like to come?你愿意来吗?-Sure.
30、当然(愿意)。(2)Id love to.是由“I would love to.”缩写而来,其义与“I would like to.”相近,均表“我想要”,但若省略助动词would,则语意就随之改变了,即“We like/love to.”表示“我们喜欢”。(3)would love意为“愿意,想要”,其后可接名词或“to+动词原形”。例如: Would you love to play basketball?去打篮球好吗?-Would you love to live near the factory?你愿意住在工厂附近吗?-No,I wouldnt love to live near the factory.不,我不愿意住在工厂附近。【have to】have to意为“不得不,必须”,表示“义务”,第三人称单数用has to.例如:-Can he go to the baseball game?他可以去看棒球比赛吗?-No, he cant. He has to study.不,他不能去。他必须学习。【another】ano
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