Large decrease of VOC emissions of Switzerlands car fleet during the past decade results from a hig.docx

1、Large decrease of VOC emissions of Switzerlands car fleet during the past decade results from a higAnalysis and simulation of “low-cost” strategies to reduce fuel consumption and emissions in conventional gasoline light-duty vehiclesOriginal Research ArticleEnergy Conversion and Management, Volume 5

2、0, Issue 2, February 2009, Pages 215-222Carla Silva, Marc Ross, Tiago FariasClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThis paper focuses on technology analysis and simulation to mitigate the transpor

3、tation impacts on energy and environment, with the major goal of estimating the technology contribution towards the 125g/km CO2 target in Europe. The authors analyse cheap- and low-complexity measures, while keeping the same power/weight ratio, for several vehicle categories. The measures are: regen

4、erative braking; fuel cut while coasting; engine stop/start; and engine downsizing and turbocharging. Simulation of these mechanisms for several road vehicles categories and driving cycles, allow us to conclude that with the last three mechanisms fuel consumption and CO2 emissions can be reduced by

5、1549%, compared to the original vehicle. HC, CO and NOx emissions can be reduced by similar percentages. Regenerative braking is valuable only if the additional weight is compensated by diminishing the body weight. The simulations confirm that the use of “slightly” modified conventional vehicles can

6、 reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, without the complexity and high cost of full-hybrid powertrains.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Simulation model3. Vehicles and drive cycles 3.1. Conventional vehicles4. Strategies for low fuel consumption and low CO2 emissions 4.1. Regenerativ

7、e braking4.2. Fuel cut4.3. Stopstart4.4. Downsizing and turbocharging4.5. Combined effects5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 37.95227A robust adaptive congestion control strategy for large scale networks with differentiated services trafficOriginal Research ArticleAutomatica, Volume 4

8、7, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 26-38R.R. Chen, K. KhorasaniClose preview| PDF (891 K) | Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractIn this paper, a robust decentralized congestion control strategy is developed for

9、a large scale network with Differentiated Services (Diff-Serv) traffic. The network is modeled by a nonlinear fluid flow model corresponding to two classes of traffic, namely the premium traffic and the ordinary traffic. The proposed congestion controller does take into account the associated physic

10、al network resource limitations and is shown to be robust to the unknown and time-varying delays. Our proposed decentralized congestion control strategy is developed on the basis of Diff-Serv architecture by utilizing a robust adaptive technique. A Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) condition is obtaine

11、d to guarantee the ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop system. Numerical simulation implementations are presented by utilizing the QualNet and Matlab software tools to illustrate the effectiveness and capabilities of our proposed decentralized congestion control strategy.Article Outline1. Introd

12、uction2. Fluid flow model of a large scale diff-serv network 2.1. Fluid flow model of a single node2.2. Fluid flow model of large scale diff-serv networks2.3. Network physical constraints2.4. Differentiated services (diff-serv) traffic3. Preliminary results 3.1. Ultimate boundedness stability3.2. St

13、ability of the perturbed switched time-delay systems4. Proposed decentralized robust congestion control strategy 4.1. Premium traffic control strategy4.2. Ordinary traffic control strategy5. Performance evaluations and simulation results 5.1. Performance metrics 5.1.1. Packet loss rate (PLR)5.1.2. A

14、verage queueing delay5.2. Comparison results and discussion6. ConclusionsReferencesVitae228Simulation of crash tests for high containment levels of road safety barriersOriginal Research ArticleEngineering Failure Analysis, Volume 14, Issue 8, December 2007, Pages 1711-1718M. Borovinek, M. Vesenjak,

15、M. Ulbin, Z. RenClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThis paper presents the results of computer simulations of road safety barrier behaviour under vehicle crash conditions for high containment

16、levels as mandated by the European standard EN 1317. Simulations were performed with the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA, running on a multiprocessor computational platform. A very good agreement of simulation and real crash tests results was observed, which in turn justifies the use of compute

17、r simulations in the process of development and certification of road safety barriers.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Brief overview of the European standard EN 13173. Description of used computational models 3.1. The vehicle models3.2. The safety barrier models3.3. Boundary conditions and contact

18、description3.4. Dynamic analysis parameters4. Computational simulations 4.1. Computational evaluation of different safety barrier reinforcements4.2. Comparison between the simulation and the large scale crash test5. ConclusionsReferencesPurchase$ 31.50229Spatial wildlife-vehicle collision models: A

19、review of current work and its application to transportation mitigation projectsReview ArticleJournal of Environmental Management, Volume 92, Issue 4, April 2011, Pages 1074-1082Kari E. Gunson, Giorgos Mountrakis, Lindi J. QuackenbushClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles Ab

20、stractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractIn addition to posing a serious risk to motorist safety, vehicle collisions with wildlife are a significant threat for many species. Previous spatial modeling has concluded that wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) exhibit cl

21、ustering on roads, which is attributed to specific landscape and road-related factors. We reviewed twenty-four published manuscripts that used generalized linear models to statistically determine the influence that numerous explanatory predictors have on the location of WVCs. Our motivation was to s

22、ummarize empirical WVC findings to facilitate application of this knowledge to planning, and design of mitigation strategies on roads. In addition, commonalities between studies were discussed and recommendations for future model design were made. We summarized the type and measurement of each signi

23、ficant predictor and whether they potentially increased or decreased the occurrence of collisions with ungulates, carnivores, small-medium vertebrates, birds, and amphibians and reptiles. WVCs commonly occurred when roads bisect favorable cover, foraging, or breeding habitat for specific species or

24、groups of species. WVCs were generally highest on road sections with high traffic volumes, or low motorist visibility, and when roads cut through drainage movement corridors, or level terrain. Ungulates, birds, small-medium vertebrates, and carnivore collision locations were associated with road-sid

25、e vegetation and other features such as salt pools. In several cases, results were spurious due to confounding and interacting predictors within the same model. For example, WVCs were less likely to occur when a road bisected steep slopes; however, steep slopes may be located along specific road-typ

26、es and habitat that also influence the occurrence of WVCs. In conclusion, this review showed that much of the current literature has gleaned the obvious, broad-scale relationships between WVCs and predictors from available data sets, and localized studies can provide unique and novel results. Future

27、 research requires specific modeling for each target species on a road-by-road basis, and measuring the predictive power of model results within similar landscapes. In addition, research that builds on the current literature by investigating rare anomalies and interacting variables will assist in pr

28、oviding sound comprehensive guidelines for wildlife mitigation planning on roads.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Methods3. Results 3.1. Landscape-related predictors3.2. Road-related predictors associated with wildlife-vehicle collisions4. Discussions 4.1. Application of summary to mitigation planni

29、ng4.2. Modeling considerations for mitigation planning5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 41.95230Energy for sustainable road transportation in China: Challenges, initiatives and policy implicationsOriginal Research ArticleEnergy, Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2010, Pages 4289-4301Xiao

30、jun Hu, Shiyan Chang, Jingjie Li, Yining QinClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThis paper presents an overview of the initiatives launched in energy supply and consumption and the challenges e

31、ncountered in sustainable road transportation development in China. It analyzes the main energy challenges related to road transportation development arising in the context of economic development, rapid urbanization, and improvement in living standards. It also discusses technological- and policy i

32、nitiatives needed to deal with these challenges, drawing comparisons with foreign experience: promoting the development and dissemination of alternative fuels and clean vehicles such as: LPG, CNG, EV, HEV, FCV, ethanol, methanol, DME, bio-diesel, and CTL, strengthening regulations relating to vehicle fuel ec