Large decrease of VOC emissions of Switzerlands car fleet during the past decade results from a hig.docx

Large decrease of VOC emissions of Switzerlands car fleet during the past decade results from a hig.docx

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LargedecreaseofVOCemissionsofSwitzerlandscarfleetduringthepastdecaderesultsfromahig

Analysisandsimulationof“low-cost”strategiestoreducefuelconsumptionandemissionsinconventionalgasolinelight-dutyvehicles  OriginalResearchArticle

EnergyConversionandManagement,Volume50,Issue2,February2009,Pages215-222

CarlaSilva,MarcRoss,TiagoFarias

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Abstract

Thispaperfocusesontechnologyanalysisandsimulationtomitigatethetransportationimpactsonenergyandenvironment,withthemajorgoalofestimatingthetechnologycontributiontowardsthe125 g/kmCO2targetinEurope.Theauthorsanalysecheap-andlow-complexitymeasures,whilekeepingthesamepower/weightratio,forseveralvehiclecategories.Themeasuresare:

regenerativebraking;fuelcutwhilecoasting;enginestop/start;andenginedownsizingandturbocharging.Simulationofthesemechanismsforseveralroadvehiclescategoriesanddrivingcycles,allowustoconcludethatwiththelastthreemechanismsfuelconsumptionandCO2emissionscanbereducedby15–49%,comparedtotheoriginalvehicle.HC,COandNOxemissionscanbereducedbysimilarpercentages.Regenerativebrakingisvaluableonlyiftheadditionalweightiscompensatedbydiminishingthebodyweight.Thesimulationsconfirmthattheuseof“slightly”modifiedconventionalvehiclescanreducefuelconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissions,withoutthecomplexityandhighcostoffull-hybridpowertrains.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Simulationmodel

3.Vehiclesanddrivecycles

3.1.Conventionalvehicles

4.StrategiesforlowfuelconsumptionandlowCO2emissions

4.1.Regenerativebraking

4.2.Fuelcut

4.3.Stop–start

4.4.Downsizingandturbocharging

4.5.Combinedeffects

5.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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227

Arobustadaptivecongestioncontrolstrategyforlargescalenetworkswithdifferentiatedservicestraffic  OriginalResearchArticle

Automatica,Volume47,Issue1,January2011,Pages26-38

R.R.Chen,K.Khorasani

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Abstract

Inthispaper,arobustdecentralizedcongestioncontrolstrategyisdevelopedforalargescalenetworkwithDifferentiatedServices（Diff-Serv）traffic.Thenetworkismodeledbyanonlinearfluidflowmodelcorrespondingtotwoclassesoftraffic,namelythepremiumtrafficandtheordinarytraffic.Theproposedcongestioncontrollerdoestakeintoaccounttheassociatedphysicalnetworkresourcelimitationsandisshowntoberobusttotheunknownandtime-varyingdelays.OurproposeddecentralizedcongestioncontrolstrategyisdevelopedonthebasisofDiff-Servarchitecturebyutilizingarobustadaptivetechnique.ALinearMatrixInequality（LMI）conditionisobtainedtoguaranteetheultimateboundednessoftheclosed-loopsystem.NumericalsimulationimplementationsarepresentedbyutilizingtheQualNetandMatlabsoftwaretoolstoillustratetheeffectivenessandcapabilitiesofourproposeddecentralizedcongestioncontrolstrategy.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Fluidflowmodelofalargescalediff-servnetwork

2.1.Fluidflowmodelofasinglenode

2.2.Fluidflowmodeloflargescalediff-servnetworks

2.3.Networkphysicalconstraints

2.4.Differentiatedservices（diff-serv）traffic

3.Preliminaryresults

3.1.Ultimateboundednessstability

3.2.Stabilityoftheperturbedswitchedtime-delaysystems

4.Proposeddecentralizedrobustcongestioncontrolstrategy

4.1.Premiumtrafficcontrolstrategy

4.2.Ordinarytrafficcontrolstrategy

5.Performanceevaluationsandsimulationresults

5.1.Performancemetrics

5.1.1.Packetlossrate（PLR）

5.1.2.Averagequeueingdelay

5.2.Comparisonresultsanddiscussion

6.Conclusions

References

Vitae

228

Simulationofcrashtestsforhighcontainmentlevelsofroadsafetybarriers  OriginalResearchArticle

EngineeringFailureAnalysis,Volume14,Issue8,December2007,Pages1711-1718

M.Borovinšek,M.Vesenjak,M.Ulbin,Z.Ren

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Abstract

ThispaperpresentstheresultsofcomputersimulationsofroadsafetybarrierbehaviourundervehiclecrashconditionsforhighcontainmentlevelsasmandatedbytheEuropeanstandardEN1317.SimulationswereperformedwiththeexplicitfiniteelementcodeLS-DYNA,runningonamultiprocessorcomputationalplatform.Averygoodagreementofsimulationandrealcrashtestsresultswasobserved,whichinturnjustifiestheuseofcomputersimulationsintheprocessofdevelopmentandcertificationofroadsafetybarriers.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.BriefoverviewoftheEuropeanstandardEN1317

3.Descriptionofusedcomputationalmodels

3.1.Thevehiclemodels

3.2.Thesafetybarriermodels

3.3.Boundaryconditionsandcontactdescription

3.4.Dynamicanalysisparameters

4.Computationalsimulations

4.1.Computationalevaluationofdifferentsafetybarrierreinforcements

4.2.Comparisonbetweenthesimulationandthelargescalecrashtest

5.Conclusions

References

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229

Spatialwildlife-vehiclecollisionmodels:

Areviewofcurrentworkanditsapplicationtotransportationmitigationprojects  ReviewArticle

JournalofEnvironmentalManagement,Volume92,Issue4,April2011,Pages1074-1082

KariE.Gunson,GiorgosMountrakis,LindiJ.Quackenbush

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Abstract

Inadditiontoposingaseriousrisktomotoristsafety,vehiclecollisionswithwildlifeareasignificantthreatformanyspecies.Previousspatialmodelinghasconcludedthatwildlife-vehiclecollisions（WVCs）exhibitclusteringonroads,whichisattributedtospecificlandscapeandroad-relatedfactors.Wereviewedtwenty-fourpublishedmanuscriptsthatusedgeneralizedlinearmodelstostatisticallydeterminetheinfluencethatnumerousexplanatorypredictorshaveonthelocationofWVCs.OurmotivationwastosummarizeempiricalWVCfindingstofacilitateapplicationofthisknowledgetoplanning,anddesignofmitigationstrategiesonroads.Inaddition,commonalitiesbetweenstudieswerediscussedandrecommendationsforfuturemodeldesignweremade.Wesummarizedthetypeandmeasurementofeachsignificantpredictorandwhethertheypotentiallyincreasedordecreasedtheoccurrenceofcollisionswithungulates,carnivores,small-mediumvertebrates,birds,andamphibiansandreptiles.WVCscommonlyoccurredwhenroadsbisectfavorablecover,foraging,orbreedinghabitatforspecificspeciesorgroupsofspecies.WVCsweregenerallyhighestonroadsectionswithhightrafficvolumes,orlowmotoristvisibility,andwhenroadscutthroughdrainagemovementcorridors,orlevelterrain.Ungulates,birds,small-mediumvertebrates,andcarnivorecollisionlocationswereassociatedwithroad-sidevegetationandotherfeaturessuchassaltpools.Inseveralcases,resultswerespuriousduetoconfoundingandinteractingpredictorswithinthesamemodel.Forexample,WVCswerelesslikelytooccurwhenaroadbisectedsteepslopes;however,steepslopesmaybelocatedalongspecificroad-typesandhabitatthatalsoinfluencetheoccurrenceofWVCs.Inconclusion,thisreviewshowedthatmuchofthecurrentliteraturehasgleanedtheobvious,broad-scalerelationshipsbetweenWVCsandpredictorsfromavailabledatasets,andlocalizedstudiescanprovideuniqueandnovelresults.Futureresearchrequiresspecificmodelingforeachtargetspeciesonaroad-by-roadbasis,andmeasuringthepredictivepowerofmodelresultswithinsimilarlandscapes.Inaddition,researchthatbuildsonthecurrentliteraturebyinvestigatingrareanomaliesandinteractingvariableswillassistinprovidingsoundcomprehensiveguidelinesforwildlifemitigationplanningonroads.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Methods

3.Results

3.1.Landscape-relatedpredictors

3.2.Road-relatedpredictorsassociatedwithwildlife-vehiclecollisions

4.Discussions

4.1.Applicationofsummarytomitigationplanning

4.2.Modelingconsiderationsformitigationplanning

5.Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

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EnergyforsustainableroadtransportationinChina:

Challenges,initiativesandpolicyimplications  OriginalResearchArticle

Energy,Volume35,Issue11,November2010,Pages4289-4301

XiaojunHu,ShiyanChang,JingjieLi,YiningQin

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Abstract

ThispaperpresentsanoverviewoftheinitiativeslaunchedinenergysupplyandconsumptionandthechallengesencounteredinsustainableroadtransportationdevelopmentinChina.Itanalyzesthemainenergychallengesrelatedtoroadtransportationdevelopmentarisinginthecontextofeconomicdevelopment,rapidurbanization,andimprovementinlivingstandards.Italsodiscussestechnological-andpolicyinitiativesneededtodealwiththesechallenges,drawingcomparisonswithforeignexperience:

promotingthedevelopmentanddisseminationofalternativefuelsandcleanvehiclessuchas:

LPG,CNG,EV,HEV,FCV,ethanol,methanol,DME,bio-diesel,andCTL,strengtheningregulationsrelatingtovehiclefuelec