1、语法总结新概念一册1.现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作构成:主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分We are having lunch.He is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river?变否定句在be动词后
2、面加 notWe are not having lunch.He is not reading a book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are not swimming across the river.特殊疑问句:what, which, how, where, who, etc.疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?没有进行时的动词(必背)表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作:1. 表示感觉,感官的词se
3、e, hear, like, love, want2. have, has当“拥有”讲时没有进行时2.一般现在时一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。1、含有be动词的句子He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is he a teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students?变否定句在be动词后面加notHe is not a teacher.The girl is not very be
4、autiful.Tim and Jack are not students.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. / No, he is not.Yes, she is. / No, she is not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.2、不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子。(1)第三人称单数及单数名词He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones.变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like
5、 bones?变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesnt, 动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones.肯定回答及否定回答:Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. / No, she doesntYes, it does. / No, it doesnt.注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。(2)其他人称及复数名词I want to have a b
6、ath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers.变疑问句在句首加doDo you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Yes, we do.
7、/ No, we dontYes, they do. / No, they dont.3.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用。结构:主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his n
8、ew house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will not move in
9、to his new house tomorrow morning.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. / No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. / No, he will not.特殊疑问句What will you do?4.一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago.含有be动词的句子,将be动词变为过去式。am, is的过去式为w
10、as, are的过去式为were:I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?变否定句在be动词后面加notI was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year a
11、go.The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. / No, I was not.Yes, you were. / No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. / No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句What did you do?(必背)不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式:I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street
12、a year ago.变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型Did you finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.肯定回答及否定回答
13、Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.Yes, he did. / No, he didnt.Yes, they did. / No, they did not.5.现在完成时现在完成时构成:主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法:1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。I have just had lunch. (饱了,不用再吃了。)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝。)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了
14、。)The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了。)2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一种经历,经验:去过地方,做过事情,经历过事情I have never ha
15、d a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过,have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)5) 表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化:变疑问句将助动词移
16、到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. / No, I have not.特殊疑问句What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。错:Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away
17、from being for 3 days.6.过去将来时结构:would doShe said she would go here the next morning.两个特殊句型:there be 句型,be going to 结构1) Be going to 结构表示打算,准备,计划做某事结构:主语+be动词+going to +动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首A
18、re you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?变否定句在be动词后面加notI am not going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are.
19、 No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?(必背)2) There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There are two pens o
20、n the table.There are three schools there.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.Yes, there are. No, there are not.7.过去进行时过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从句中。结构:was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV.
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