语法总结新概念一册.docx

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语法总结新概念一册.docx

语法总结新概念一册

1.现在进行时

现在进行时

  ——表示现在正在进行的动作

  构成:

主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分

  Wearehavinglunch.

  Heisreadingabook.

  Thedogisrunningafteracat.

  Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

  Arewehavinglunch?

  Ishereadingabook?

  Isthedogrunningafteracat?

  Aretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver?

  ★变否定句在be动词后面加not

  Wearenothavinglunch.

  Heisnotreadingabook.

  Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.

  Theboysarenotswimmingacrosstheriver.

  ★特殊疑问句:

what,which,how,where,who,etc.

  疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词

  Whatareyoudoing?

  Whatisshedoing?

  Whatisthedogdoing?

  没有进行时的动词(必背)

  表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作:

  1.表示感觉,感官的词

  see,hear,like,love,want

  2.have,has当“拥有”讲时没有进行时

 

2.一般现在时

一般现在时——表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。

  1、含有be动词的句子

  Heisateacher.

  Thegirlisverybeautiful.

  TimandJackarestudents.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

  Isheateacher?

  Isthegirlverybeautiful?

  AreTimandJackstudents?

  ★变否定句在be动词后面加not

  Heisnotateacher.

  Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.

  TimandJackarenotstudents.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,heis./No,heisnot.

  Yes,sheis./No,sheisnot.

  Yes,theyare./No,theyarenot.

  2、不含有be动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子。

  

(1)第三人称单数及单数名词

  Helikesbooks.

  Shelikeshim.

  Thedoglikesbones.

  ★变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型

  Doeshelikebooks?

  Doesshelikehim?

  Doesthedoglikebones?

  ★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn't,动词变为原型,原句中的动词不再有第三人称变化。

  Hedoesn'tlikebooks.

  Shedoesn'tlikehim.

  Thedogdoesn'tlikebones.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答:

  Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.

  Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't

  Yes,itdoes./No,itdoesn't.

  注意:

第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。

  

(2)其他人称及复数名词

  Iwanttohaveabath.

  Wehavesomemeat.

  Thestudentslikesmartteachers.

  ★变疑问句在句首加do

  Doyouwanttohaveabath?

  Dowehaveanymeat?

  Dothestudentslikesmartteachers?

  ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don't.

  Youdon'twanttohaveabath.

  Wedon'thaveanymeat.

  Thestudentsdon'tlikesmartteachers.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.

  Yes,wedo./No,wedon't

  Yes,theydo./No,theydon't.

3.一般将来时

一般将来时

  ——表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours'time,etc.表示将来的词联用。

  结构:

主语+助动词will+动词原形

  IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.

  ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.

  Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.

  ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首

  WillyougotoAmericatomorrow?

  WillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext?

  WillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning?

  ★变否定句在助动词后面加not

  IwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.

  ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.

  Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Iwill./No,Iwillnot.

  Yes,he/shewill./No,he/shewillnot.

  Yes,hewill./No,hewillnot.

  ★特殊疑问句

  Whatwillyoudo?

4.一般过去时

 一般过去时

  表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago...

  含有be动词的句子,将be动词变为过去式。

am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were:

  Iwasatthebutcher's.

  Youwereastudentayearago.

  Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首

  Wereyouatthebutcher's?

  Wereyouastudentayearago?

  Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?

  ★变否定句在be动词后面加not

  Iwasnotatthebutcher's.

  Youwerenotastudentayearago.

  Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.

  ★肯定回答否定回答

  Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasnot.

  Yes,youwere./No,youwerenot.

  Yes,he/shewas./No,he/shewasnot.

  ★特殊疑问句

  Whatdidyoudo?

(必背)

  不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式:

  Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.

  Theboywenttoarestaurant.

  TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.

  ★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型

  Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?

  Didtheboygotoarestaurant?

  DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?

  ★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnot

  Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.

  Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.

  TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.

  Yes,hedid./No,hedidn't.

  Yes,theydid./No,theydidnot.

5.现在完成时

现在完成时

  构成:

主语+助动词have,has+过去分词

  用法:

  1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用。

  Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了,不用再吃了。

  Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝。

  Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了。

  Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了。

  2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:

  Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?

  HaveyoubeentoBeijing?

  Haveheseenthefilm?

  3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作

  IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.

  Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.

  4)表示一种经历,经验:

去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情

  Ihaveneverhadabath.

  Ihaveneverseenafilm.

  Ihaveneverbeentocinema.

  IhaveeverbeentoParis.

  Havebeento表示去过,havegoneto表示去了

  IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)

  HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)

  5)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用

  Ihavelostmypen.

  Ihavehurtmyself.

  Hehasbecomeateacher.

  Shehasbrokenmyheart.

  句型变化:

  ★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.

  Haveyoulostyourpen?

Ihavenotlostmypen.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavenot.

  ★特殊疑问句

  Whathaveyoudone?

  Whathashedone?

  一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:

  凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。

  注意:

有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。

  错:

I’veleftBeijingfor3days.

  对:

IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.

6.过去将来时

  结构:

woulddo

  Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.

  两个特殊句型:

therebe句型,begoingto结构

  1)Begoingto结构

  表示打算,准备,计划做某事

  ★结构:

主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型

  Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.

  Theyaregoingtopaintit.

  Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

  Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?

  Aretheygoingtopaintit?

  Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?

  ★变否定句在be动词后面加not

  Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.

  Theyaregoingtopaintit.

  Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

  Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.

  Yes,heis.No,heisnot.

  ★特殊疑问句

  Whatareyougoingtodo?

  Whataretheygoingtodo?

  Whatisthefathergoingtodo?

  (必背)

  2)Therebe句型

  表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)

  Thereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

  Thereisabookinthisroom.

  Thereisapenonthetable

  Thereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

  Therearetwopensonthetable.

  Therearethreeschoolsthere.

  ★变疑问句将be动词移到句首

  Isthereabookinthisroom?

  Aretheretwopensonthetable?

  ★变否定句在动词后面加not

  Thereisnotabookinthisroom.

  Therearenottwopensonthetable.

  ★肯定回答及否定回答

  Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.

  Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.

7.过去进行时

过去进行时

  表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。

  结构:

was/were+doing

  Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.

  Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.

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