A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异.docx

1、A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异一、 二、 课题(论文)提纲0 引言1 中国文化和西方文化存在很多的差异 1.1 问候和聚会1.2 称呼1.3 道歉和回复1.4 邀请和告别2 不同的文化特征会导致文化的差异 2.1 文化背景2.2 不同的价值和观点2.3 不同的信仰2.4 个人主义和集体主义2.5 西方的家庭倡导平等2.6

2、 民族主义3 结语二、内容摘要中国有5000年的文明，无愧于“礼仪之邦”之称，我们为祖先的成就感到自豪的同时不能忽略西方文化的进步，在日新月异的现代社会，我们更要学习其他国家的优秀文化，在本文中我们将对礼仪，背景，信仰进行讨论。无论是中国文化还是西方文化，随着时代进步，我们都该取其精华弃其糟粕，从而推进文化的高度。三、 参考文献1 克拉姆契. 语言与文化M. 上海外语教育出版社, 20002 Ma Zhanxiang. The Interaction between the Cooperate Principle and the Politeness Principle in Pragmati

3、csJ. Journal of Inner Mongolia College of Education (Philosophy & Social Science), Dec. 2000, 43 许力生. 跨文化交流入门M. 浙江大学出版社, 2004:48-504 German, Kathleen. Principles of Speech CommunicationM. Addison-Wesley Education Publishers Inc, 1998:56-595 曲晶. 中西礼貌概念对比J. 东北师范大学报（哲学社会科学版）, 2005( 6):100A Brief Analys

4、is Etiquette Difference of Western and Chinese Culture Abstract: China has 5000 years excellent civilization, and it is not over state of ceremonies. We are proud of our ancestors achievement, but we cant ignore the improvement of the western culture.In our modern socienty, everything is changing, s

5、o it is obvious that we must draw lessons from others culture. In this thesis, we will disscuss about greeting and parting, addressing, apologies and responses, invitation and saying Good-Bye between Chinese and western. No matter the Chinese culture or the western culture, they are all the quintess

6、ence of wisdom. When we pass on ancestors knowledge to our generations, we must draw attention to improving new ideas. we can advance the elevation of civilization. Key Words: etiquette; Cultural background; beliefs0 . IntroductionWith the development of the society,the times need improved. Differen

7、t culture is one of the main piont .so ,we should pay more attention to different culture.With China entried the WTO and held the Olympic Games in 2008, the relationship between China and Western in politics, economy, culture will become more and more close. It is undoubtedly that the etiquette will

8、 play an important role in this process. To the definition of etiquette, China and Western have a different understanding. As Chinese thinks that the etiquette is the common behavior standards that all the members must obey, and its purpose is to keep the normal living order of the society. In ancie

9、nt China, a famous philosopher thinks that etiquette is a principal to deal with the relationship between man and supernatural beings, man and ghosts, man and men. There are also many words about etiquette in English. For example, courtesy which means courteous behavior, good manners;protocol which

10、means system of rules governing formal occasion, e .g, meetings,between governments, diplomats, etc. And these words are all from the same French word etiquette. Of course, more spread and more profound cultural comment of the western etiquette is from the Classical Period, i.e., old Athens and Roma

11、 culture. Today, etiquette become the reflection and manifestation of one countrys politics, economy, culture in peoples social contact. And it include the principal and moral that people should obey in daily life. Etiquette formed in the process of the deposition of culture and social contact. So e

12、very nation have their own etiquette standard which created with the spirit of this their nation. Because of this formed the cultural difference between different nations. As languages is the carrier of the human culture. This difference must reflect in the language of different nations. So in the f

13、ollowing, we will take china, British and America as the representation of Western, to look at some cultural difference in etiquette, and then analyze the reasons. Furthermore, we will discuss how to learn western culture. Cultural differences on politeness between western and Chinese can be found i

14、n many aspects of daily communication, including greeting and parting, addressing, apologies and responses , invitation and saying Good-Bye.1 . Chinese culture and western culture have many difference1.1 Greeting and PartingWhen people meet acquaintances or friends, people usually greet each other.

15、The purpose of greeting is to establish or maintain social contact. So formulaic expressions are often used, but such formulaic expressions often causes conflict because of the great cultural differences between Chinese and native English speakers. In English, people often employ the following expre

16、ssions to greet each other “Good morning/evening/afternoon. “Fine day, isnt it? ”How is everything going?” Have you eaten yet?” What are you going to do?” Where have you been?”etc. Westerners treat them as real question. While in Chinese, we always say “Have you eaten”“Where are you going ？”“What ar

17、e you going to do？”to show our consideration. Parting may be divided into two steps. Before the final prating, there is usual a leave-taking. Western and Chinese cultures have diverse ways to deal with leave-takings. Firstly, in English society, during the closing phase of an encounter, from ”I” per

18、spective, reasons for terminating the encounter are presented in mitigatory comments. Typical comments are associated with expressions of apology,such as “I” am afraid I must be off, I have to relieve the baby-sitter” etc.Western people believe that to be willing to visit and converse with someone i

19、sto have respect for him.; to terminate the visiting is not of ones own free will, but because of some other arrangements, therefore they always try to make their leaving sound reluctant by finding some reasons and apologize for it to make the leaving acceptable for both parties. English speakers of

20、ten signal several times before leaving. “Well, its been nice to see you again. I do enjoy our talk and the lovely dinner, but I must be going soon”. Thank you very much for asking me over. I hope well be able to get together again before long” Consolidation in a wider range of common acquaintances

21、also occurs, in expressions such as “Say hello to Jack for me” or “Remember me to John”. In Chinese society, during the closing phase of and encounter, usually, from a “you ”perspective, reasons for ending the encounter are set forth in mitigatory expressions. Such expressions include“I will not dis

22、turb you.”“You must be tired,have a rest.”, etc. With these words, they may stand up from their seats. Chinese leave-taking is very short and quick. Western people think it so abrupt that they have not prepare for it. While moving to the door, Chinese employ expressions of apology like“Im sorry for

23、disturbing you.”“Im sorry for wasting your time.”It should be noted that these expressions employed by Chinese guests to show concern for their hosts can only be appropriate for business visits in the English environment.1.2 AddressingIt is also appropriate to ask how they prefer to be addressed. Ch

24、ildren should always address adults in the formal fashion, using their title and last name. Another difference is about the form of addressing. From the viewpoint of sociolinguistics, forms of addressing can serve as an indication of the relationship of power and solidarity in the society. In callin

25、g their superiors or elders, the Chinese are accustomed to the nonreciprocal or asymmetrical addressing, in other words. They use “title +surname” to address their superior or elders rather than call them surnames, while the superior or elders call the addressers their names. The Chinese tend to abi

26、de by the polite principle of depreciating oneself and respecting others to show appropriate respects towards the persons being addressed, otherwise, the addresser may be considered as ill mannered, ill educated or rude. But in English speaking countries, people have a tendency to follow the recipro

27、cal or symmetrical addressing. Although they are different in age and status, they can call the other directly, namely, their names, even first names except when they call the doctors, not arousing offence between them, but demonstrating the sense of intimacy and the conception of” Everyone is creat

28、ed equal” . Chinese people feel unnatural addressing a westerner by his given name, feeling that it indicates too close a relationship, and westerners, on the other hand, may feel that if a Chinese insists on using his surname, it indicates an unwillingness to be friendly and maintains a gap between

29、 them. So the use of forms like” Miss Mary” or “Mr. Smith ” may be a Chinese forms of compromise. With Miss Mary, the use of the given name indicates friendliness, but the addition of the title indicates the respect they feel they ought to show. And with Smith, the lack of a title indicates friendli

30、ness, but the use of the surname prevents if sounding too intimate. However, both addressing used by the Chinese sound very strange and uncomfortable to the westerner.1.3 Apologies and ResponsesIf wrong things are done, there must be apologies .As to how to offer apologies,both western and Chinese p

31、eople may “I am sorry.”,”I apologize for”. Etc. But Chinese would like to apologize for the crowded state of their dwellings and for small numbers of dishes, although the room is big enough and there are many dishes. Chinese stay these to express self-depreciation only out of courtesy, not having ot

32、her implication. But the westerners would wonder, since the room is so large and there are so many dishes, why do they say so. May be they do notwelcome our visit, they dont like us to eat more. When Chinese contact with westerners, if they do not know these differences, if will lead to misunderstanding. The ways to respond to apologies are different, too.A: Oh, Im sorry. I forget it.B1: It doesnt matter.B2: Thats all right.B2 is westerners. B1 is a Chinese person. “It doesnt matter” is a translation of “It doesnt matter.”from Chinese, which is a common