A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异.docx

A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异.docx

《A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《A Brief Analysis Etiquette Differences of Western and Chinese Culture浅析中西礼仪差异.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

ABriefAnalysisEtiquetteDifferencesofWesternandChineseCulture浅析中西礼仪差异

ABriefAnalysisEtiquetteDifferencesofWesternandChineseCulture

浅析中西礼仪差异

一、

二、课题（论文）提纲

0引言

1中国文化和西方文化存在很多的差异

1.1问候和聚会

1.2称呼

1.3道歉和回复

1.4邀请和告别

2不同的文化特征会导致文化的差异

2.1文化背景

2.2不同的价值和观点

2.3不同的信仰

2.4个人主义和集体主义

2.5西方的家庭倡导平等

2.6民族主义

3结语

二、内容摘要

中国有5000年的文明，无愧于“礼仪之邦”之称，我们为祖先的成就感到自豪的同时不能忽略西方文化的进步，在日新月异的现代社会，我们更要学习其他国家的优秀文化，在本文中我们将对礼仪，背景，信仰进行讨论。

无论是中国文化还是西方文化，随着时代进步，我们都该取其精华弃其糟粕，从而推进文化的高度。

三、参考文献

[1]克拉姆契.语言与文化[M].上海外语教育出版社,2000

[2]MaZhanxiang.TheInteractionbetweentheCooperatePrincipleandthePolitenessPrincipleinPragmatics[J].JournalofInnerMongoliaCollegeofEducation（Philosophy&SocialScience）,Dec.2000,4

[3]许力生.跨文化交流入门[M].浙江大学出版社,2004:

48-50

[4]German,Kathleen.PrinciplesofSpeechCommunication[M].Addison-WesleyEducationPublishersInc,1998:

56-59

[5]曲晶.中西礼貌概念对比[J].东北师范大学报（哲学社会科学版）,2005（6）:

100

ABriefAnalysisEtiquetteDifferenceofWesternandChineseCulture

Abstract:

Chinahas5000year'sexcellentcivilization,anditisnotoverstateofceremonies.Weareproudofourancestors'achievement,butwecan'tignoretheimprovementofthewesternculture.Inourmodernsocienty,everythingischanging,soitisobviousthatwemustdrawlessonsfromother'sculture.Inthisthesis,wewilldisscussaboutgreetingandparting,addressing,apologiesandresponses,invitationandsayingGood-ByebetweenChineseandwestern.NomattertheChinesecultureorthewesternculture,theyareallthequintessenceofwisdom.Whenwepassonancestors'knowledgetoourgenerations,wemustdrawattentiontoimprovingnewideas.wecanadvancetheelevationofcivilization.

KeyWords:

etiquette;Culturalbackground;beliefs

0.Introduction

Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,thetimesneedimproved.Differentcultureisoneofthemainpiont.so,weshouldpaymoreattentiontodifferentculture.

WithChinaentriedtheWTOandheldtheOlympicGamesin2008,therelationshipbetweenChinaandWesterninpolitics,economy,culturewillbecomemoreandmoreclose.Itisundoubtedlythattheetiquettewillplayanimportantroleinthisprocess.Tothedefinitionofetiquette,ChinaandWesternhaveadifferentunderstanding.AsChinesethinksthattheetiquetteisthecommonbehaviorstandardsthatallthemembersmustobey,anditspurposeistokeepthenormallivingorderofthesociety.InancientChina,afamousphilosopherthinksthatetiquetteisaprincipaltodealwiththerelationshipbetweenmanandsupernaturalbeings,manandghosts,manandmen.TherearealsomanywordsaboutetiquetteinEnglish.Forexample,courtesywhichmeanscourteousbehavior,goodmanners;protocolwhichmeanssystemofrulesgoverningformaloccasion,e.g,meetings,betweengovernments,diplomats,etc.AndthesewordsareallfromthesameFrenchwordetiquette.Ofcourse,morespreadandmoreprofoundculturalcommentofthewesternetiquetteisfromtheClassicalPeriod,i.e.,oldAthensandRomaculture.Today,etiquettebecomethereflectionandmanifestationofonecountry’spolitics,economy,cultureinpeople’ssocialcontact.Anditincludetheprincipalandmoralthatpeopleshouldobeyindailylife.Etiquetteformedintheprocessofthedepositionofcultureandsocialcontact.Soeverynationhavetheirownetiquettestandardwhichcreatedwiththespiritofthistheirnation.Becauseofthisformedtheculturaldifferencebetweendifferentnations.Aslanguagesisthecarrierofthehumanculture.Thisdifferencemustreflectinthelanguageofdifferentnations.Sointhefollowing,wewilltakechina,BritishandAmericaastherepresentationofWestern,tolookatsomeculturaldifferenceinetiquette,andthenanalyzethereasons.Furthermore,wewilldiscusshowtolearnwesternculture.CulturaldifferencesonpolitenessbetweenwesternandChinesecanbefoundinmanyaspectsofdailycommunication,includinggreetingandparting,addressing,apologiesandresponses,invitationandsayingGood-Bye.

1.Chinesecultureandwesternculturehavemanydifference

1.1GreetingandParting

Whenpeoplemeetacquaintancesorfriends,peopleusuallygreeteachother.Thepurposeofgreetingistoestablishormaintainsocialcontact.Soformulaicexpressionsareoftenused,butsuchformulaicexpressionsoftencausesconflictbecauseofthegreatculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandnativeEnglishspeakers.InEnglish,peopleoftenemploythefollowingexpressionstogreeteachother“Goodmorning/evening/afternoon.“Fineday,isn’tit?

”Howiseverythinggoing?

”Haveyoueatenyet?

”Whatareyougoingtodo?

”Wherehaveyoubeen?

”etc.Westernerstreatthemasrealquestion.WhileinChinese,wealwayssay“Haveyoueaten”“Whereareyougoing？

”“Whatareyougoingtodo？

”toshowourconsideration.

Partingmaybedividedintotwosteps.Beforethefinalprating,thereisusualaleave-taking.WesternandChinesecultureshavediversewaystodealwithleave-takings.Firstly,inEnglishsociety,duringtheclosingphaseofanencounter,from”I”perspective,reasonsforterminatingtheencounterarepresentedinmitigatorycomments.Typicalcommentsareassociatedwithexpressionsofapology,suchas“I”amafraidImustbeoff,Ihavetorelievethebaby-sitter”etc.Westernpeoplebelievethattobewillingtovisitandconversewithsomeoneistohaverespectforhim.;toterminatethevisitingisnotofone’sownfreewill,butbecauseofsomeotherarrangements,thereforetheyalwaystrytomaketheirleavingsoundreluctantbyfindingsomereasonsandapologizeforittomaketheleavingacceptableforbothparties.Englishspeakersoftensignalseveraltimesbeforeleaving.“Well,it’sbeennicetoseeyouagain.Idoenjoyourtalkandthelovelydinner,butImustbegoingsoon”.Thankyouverymuchforaskingmeover.Ihopewe’llbeabletogettogetheragainbeforelong…”Consolidationinawiderrangeofcommonacquaintancesalsooccurs,inexpressionssuchas“SayhellotoJackforme”or“RemembermetoJohn”.InChinesesociety,duringtheclosingphaseofandencounter,usually,froma“you”perspective,reasonsforendingtheencounteraresetforthinmitigatoryexpressions.Suchexpressionsinclude“Iwillnotdisturbyou.”“Youmustbetired,havearest.”,etc.Withthesewords,theymaystandupfromtheirseats.Chineseleave-takingisveryshortandquick.Westernpeoplethinkitsoabruptthattheyhavenotprepareforit.Whilemovingtothedoor,Chineseemployexpressionsofapologylike“I’msorryfordisturbingyou.”“I’msorryforwastingyourtime.”ItshouldbenotedthattheseexpressionsemployedbyChinesegueststoshowconcernfortheirhostscanonlybeappropriateforbusinessvisitsintheEnglishenvironment.

1.2Addressing

Itisalsoappropriatetoaskhowtheyprefertobeaddressed.Childrenshouldalwaysaddressadultsintheformalfashion,usingtheirtitleandlastname.Anotherdifferenceisabouttheformofaddressing.Fromtheviewpointofsociolinguistics,formsofaddressingcanserveasanindicationoftherelationshipofpowerandsolidarityinthesociety.Incallingtheirsuperiorsorelders,theChineseareaccustomedtothenonreciprocalorasymmetricaladdressing,inotherwords.Theyuse“title+surname”toaddresstheirsuperiororeldersratherthancallthemsurnames,whilethesuperiororelderscalltheaddresserstheirnames.TheChinesetendtoabidebythepoliteprincipleofdepreciatingoneselfandrespectingotherstoshowappropriaterespectstowardsthepersonsbeingaddressed,otherwise,theaddressermaybeconsideredasillmannered,illeducatedorrude.ButinEnglishspeakingcountries,peoplehaveatendencytofollowthereciprocalorsymmetricaladdressing.Althoughtheyaredifferentinageandstatus,theycancalltheotherdirectly,namely,theirnames,evenfirstnamesexceptwhentheycallthedoctors,notarousingoffencebetweenthem,butdemonstratingthesenseofintimacyandtheconceptionof”Everyoneiscreatedequal”.Chinesepeoplefeelunnaturaladdressingawesternerbyhisgivenname,feelingthatitindicatestooclosearelationship,andwesterners,ontheotherhand,mayfeelthatifaChineseinsistsonusinghissurname,itindicatesanunwillingnesstobefriendlyandmaintainsagapbetweenthem.Sotheuseofformslike”MissMary”or“Mr.Smith”maybeaChineseformsofcompromise.WithMissMary,theuseofthegivennameindicatesfriendliness,buttheadditionofthetitleindicatestherespecttheyfeeltheyoughttoshow.AndwithSmith,thelackofatitleindicatesfriendliness,buttheuseofthesurnamepreventsifsoundingtoointimate.However,bothaddressingusedbytheChinesesoundverystrangeanduncomfortabletothewesterner.

1.3ApologiesandResponses

Ifwrongthingsaredone,theremustbeapologies.Astohowtoofferapologies,bothwesternandChinesepeoplemay“Iamsorry….”,”Iapologizefor…”.Etc.ButChinesewouldliketoapologizeforthecrowdedstateoftheirdwellingsandforsmallnumbersofdishes,althoughtheroomisbigenoughandtherearemanydishes.Chinesestaythesetoexpressself-depreciationonlyoutofcourtesy,nothavingotherimplication.Butthewesternerswouldwonder,sincetheroomissolargeandtherearesomanydishes,whydotheysayso.Maybetheydonotwelcomeourvisit,theydon’tlikeustoeatmore.WhenChinesecontactwithwesterners,iftheydonotknowthesedifferences,ifwillleadtomisunderstanding.Thewaystorespondtoapologiesaredifferent,too.

A:

Oh,I’msorry.Iforgetit.

B1:

Itdoesn’tmatter.

B2:

That’sallright.

B2iswesterners.

B1isaChineseperson.“Itdoesn’tmatter”isatranslationof“Itdoesn’tmatter.”fromChinese,whichisacommon