高中同位语从句精讲和练习题.docx

1、高中同位语从句精讲和练习题同位语从句讲解是名词性从句(、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息一个(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2.短语作同位语

2、I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the .巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较固定一、在中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句

3、。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。三、中引导同位语从句的词通有 that，whether，连接 how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）He must answer the question whether he

4、agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is q

5、uite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（作idea的同位语）【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the pla

6、ne. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 连词whether引导同位语从句 （注：if不能引导同位语从句）The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。【注意】whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句1).I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我

7、不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）2).I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste.我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。（which作定语）3).The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）4. 连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词when, where, how, whyWe havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vac

8、ation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。同位语从句-相关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等)的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式

9、，并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。三、同位语从句的语气 在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evidence, belief, doubt, fear, hope, question, theory, news, order, ability等等。How did the cheats expla

10、in the fact that the Emperor didnt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣，对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些或短语动词后作，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that 从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。You must se to it that

11、the children dont catch cold.(=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.)你要当心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句-语法区别与的的语法区别：1意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为

12、他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句)2. 引导词的不同 what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。4. 被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰

13、的名词则非常广泛。 另外，when和where 引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词the reason，而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：Ill never forget the days when I lived there. 我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句）同位语从句-特殊形式1.间隔同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开。A warm thought suddenly came to me that I m

14、ight use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用。She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.她请求立即请医生来。3.及固定句式后的同位语从句简析：短语On condition, on supposition, on the ground(s), on the understandin

15、g, with the exception, in spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式There be+no doubt(hope, chance, possibility,)后的that从句为同位语从句。练习一单选26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observedB. how what you have observedC. that you have observedD. how that you have observed27.

16、 Where do you think _A. has he gone B. has he beenC. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _A. how many populations there are in the worldB. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outsideA. what

17、to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31._ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he isB. Do you think who he isC. Whom do y

18、ou think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived inC. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _.A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which

19、it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.doC. If.does D. That.does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought ofA. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38._

20、 did he tell his wife _ he wished to doA. That.what B. What.that C. Where.which D. Which.where39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that whatC. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41.Do you

21、know _ His father is a doctor.A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is42. Is this _ we met each other two years agoA. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought t

22、hat44.We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me upB. what w

23、as I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doingD. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. - May I borrow the ring- You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautifulC. beautiful

24、is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talkA. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whet

25、her D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53._ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54._ the boy didnt take medicine

26、 made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go二单选1. I have no idea _ Mr. Brown returnedhomeA. when B. where C. that D. who2. They raised the question _ we were to get s

27、o much money.A. that B. whatC. where D. whether3. I have no idea _ has happened to him.A. when B. what C. why D. that4. The problem _ he will start is unknown.A. when B. that C. what D. who5. I dont have any idea _.A. what does the word “infinity” meanB. what the word “infinity” meansC. what the mea

28、ning of the word “infinity”D. what the word “infinity” meanA. whether B. that C. if D. what7. They were all very much worried over the fact _ you were sick.A. that B. if C. whether D. whyA. which B. that C. what D. whether9. He always works hard even if he knows the fact _ he is not in good health.A

29、. what B. whether C. if D. that10. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.A. which B. what C. that D. whether11. The question _ the manager should resign must be decided soon.A. whether B. that C. when D. who12. We are not looking into the question _ he is wo

30、rth trusting.A. what B. that C. whether D. where13. I made a promise _ anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.A. that although B. that ifC. whether if D. which whom14. That question _ we need it has not been considered.A. that B. how C. where D. whether15. The order _ we should send a few people _ the other groups was received yesterday.A. that; to help B. whether; helpC. that; helped D. whether; helping