冀教版八年级上册英语知识点汇总教学提纲.docx

1、冀教版八年级上册英语知识点汇总教学提纲冀教版八年级上册英语知识点汇总冀教版八年级上册英语语法点滴11)leave 的用法1.“ leave地点”表示 离开某地”。例如：Whe n did you leave Sha nghai?你什么时候离开上海的？2.“leave for地点”表示 动身去某地”。例如：Next Friday, Alice is leav ing for London.下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。3.“leave地点+fo叶地点”表示 离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leav ing Sha nghai for Beiji ng?你为什么要离开上海去北京？2)情

2、态动词should “应该”学会使用should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有 竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点：1.用于表示 应该”或 不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。 例如：You should be here with clea n han ds. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。2.用于提出意见劝导

3、别人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。 例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any mome nt. 她随时都可能来。3） What.? 与 Which.?1.what与which都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是 what仅用来询问 职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？该句相当于：What doe

4、s your father do?What is your fathers job?Which指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：-Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？-The boy beh ind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。2.What.?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which.?是特指，所 指的事物有范围的限制。如：What color do you like best? （所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围）你最喜爱哪一种颜色？3.what与which

5、后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:Which pictures are from Chi na?哪些图片来自中国？4） 频度副词的位置1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：always （总是，一直）usually （通常）often （常常，经常）sometimes （有时候）never （从不）2频度副词的位置：a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：David is ofte n arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如：We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7: 10去上学。c

6、.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I bee n there.我从没到过那儿。5） every day 与 everyday1.every day 作状语，译为 每一天”。女口：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天7: 10去上学。I decide to read En glish every day.我决定每天读英语。2.everyday作

7、定语，译为 日常的”She watches everyday En glish on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。Whats your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么？6)什么是助动词1.被协帮助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词( Auxiliary Verb)助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb )。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He does nt like En glish. 他不喜欢英语。(does nt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a.表示时态，例如

8、：He is si ngi ng. 他在唱歌。He has got married. 他已结婚。b.表示语态，例如：He was sent to En gla nd. 他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study En glish before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I dont like him. 我不喜欢他。e.加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow eve ning. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会

9、。He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would7） forget doing/to do 与 remember doing/to do1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 （未做）forget doi ng 忘记做过某事。 （已做）The light in the office is still on. He forgot to tur n it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）He forgot turni ng the light off.他

10、忘记他已经关了灯了。 （已做过关灯的动作）Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。 （to come动作未做）典型例题-The light in the office is still on.-Oh， I forgot .A. turning it off B. turn it offC. to tur n it off D. hav ing tur ned it off答案：C。由the light is still on可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了

11、这 一事实。此处不符合题意。2.remember to do记得去做某事 （未做）remember doi ng 记得做过某事 （已做）Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember see ing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗？8） Its for sb. 和 Its of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等：Its very h

12、ard for him to study two Ian guages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，女口 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right 。Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。3.for与of的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果 道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。He is hard.（人是困难的，不通，因此应用 fo

13、r。）9） 对两个句子的提问冀教英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的 作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提问：I.Who has three pens?2.Which boy has three pens?3.What does the boy in blue have?4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：句子： He usually goes to the park with his frie

14、 nds at 8:00 on Sun day.提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sun day?3.What does he usually do with his frie nds at 8:00 on Su nday?4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sun day?5.What time does he

15、 usually go to the park with his friends on Sun day?6.Whe n does he usually go to the park with his frie nds?10)so、such与不定冠词的使用1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so形容词+a/an+名词”女口：He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”女口:It is such a nice day.That was such an in teresti

16、ng story.11)使用-ing分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中。如：He is watch ing TV in the room.They were dancing at nine oclock last ni ght.2.在there be结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在 have fun/problems 结构中。如：We have fun leanning English this term.They had problems gett ing to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如：Tha

17、nks for help ing me.Are you good at play ing basketball.5.在以下结构中：enjoy doing sthfinish doing sthfeel like doing sthstop doing sthforget doing sthgo on doing sthremember doing sthlike doing sthkeep sb doing sthfind sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sthtry doi ng sthn eed doing sthprefer doing sthmi

18、 nd doi ng sthpractice doing sthcant help doing sthmiss doing sth12）英语中的“单数”1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用he, she, it代替的。如be busy doing sth乐于做某事完成做某事想要做某事停止做某事忘记做过某事继续做某事记得做过某事喜欢做某事使某人一直做某事发现某人做某事看到/听到/观看某人做某事试图做某事需要做某事宁愿做某事介意做某事练习做某事忙于做某事禁不住做某事错过做某事he, she, itmy frie nd, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Marys u

19、n cle2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：man （单数）-men （复数） banana （单数）-bananas （复数）3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：go-goes-going-went-gonework-works-working-worked-worked watch-watches-watching-watched-watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：The boy wants to be a sales assista nt.Our En glish teacher is from the

20、US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13）名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I名词复数的规则变化1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:pear-pears desk-deskshamburger-hamburgerstree-trees2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如：class-classes watch-watchesdish-dishes box-boxes3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词，词尾加-es。如:potato-potatoes Negro-Neg

21、roestomato-tomatoes hero-heroes4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:family-families city-citiesdictionary-dicti on aries coun try-co un tries5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如:half-halves thief-thievesleaf-leaves knife-kni vesroof-roofs gulf-gulfs proof-proofs但是:scarf-scarves(fes) serf-serfs chief-chie

22、fs belief-beliefsII名词复数的不规则变化1.将-oo改为-ee。如：foot_feet tooth-teeth2.将-man改为-men。如:man-men woman-wome npolicema n-policeme n postma n-postme n3.添加词尾。如：child-childre n4.单复数同形。如：sheep-sheep deer-deerfish-fish people-people5.表示某国人”的单、复数变化。即 中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面” 如:man teacher-men teachers14）双写最后一个字母的-ing分词初

23、中阶段常见的有以下这些:l.let lett ing让hit hitti ng打、撞cut cutt ing切、害get gett ing取、得到sit sitti ng坐forget forgett ing忘记put putt ing放set sett ing设置babysit babysitt ing临时受雇照顾婴儿2.shop shopp ing购物trip tripp ing绊stop stopp ing停止dropdropp ing放弃3.travel travel(l) ing旅游swim swimmi ng游泳runrunning跑步dig diggi ng挖、掘begi n b

24、eg inning开始prefer preferri ng宁愿pla n pla nning 计戈 U15）肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词l.some 变为 any。如：There are some birds in the tree. f There arent any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：Would you like some orange juice?与此相关的一些不定代词如 something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为or。如：I have a knife and a ruler

25、.f I dont have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of （=lots of） 变为 many 或 much。如：They have a lot of frien ds. （可数名词）f They dont have many frien ds.There is lots of orange in the bottle. （不可数名词）f There isnt much orange in the bottle.4.already 变为 yet。如：I have bee n there already. f I have nt bee n there yet.1

26、6） in 与 afterin与after都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。1.in经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如：He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。2.after经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：He left for Beiji ng after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如：We will finish the work after ten oclock.十点后我们会完成工作的。3.注意区分以下的in的用法。I

27、ll visit him in a week.一周后我会去拜访他。ril visit him twice in a week.一周内我会去拜访他两次。17）不定冠词a与an的使用1.a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：There is a b in the word book.单词book中有个字母b。类似的字母还有：b,c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z 。She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。2.a n用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：There is an i i n the word onion.单词on io n中有个字母i。类

28、似的字母还有： a, e, f, h,i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨伞吗？3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用 an;以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如：a useful booka uni versitya on e-letter wordan houran un clean umbrellaan hon est pers on18)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？英语中表示穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：1、 put on主要表达 穿”的动作。如：He put on his coat.他穿上了他的

29、外套。Youd better put on your shoes. 你最好穿上你的鞋子。2、 wear主要表示 穿、戴”的状态。如：The old man wears a pair of glasses. 老人戴着一畐H眼镜。The girl is weari ng a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。3、 dress可作及物动词，有 给 穿衣”的意思，后接 人”，而不是 衣服”。如：Please dress the childre n right now. 请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。dress也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：The woma n always dresses

30、 in gree n. 那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。4、 be in表示穿着的状态。如：John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。The man in black is a football coach.19)a little, a few 与 a bit (of)a little, a few与a bit (of)都有一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢?1.a little 意为一些、少量”，后接不可数名词。如：There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。还可以接形容词。如：He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。2.a few意为一些、少数”，后接复数的可数名词。如：