新高考英语最新模拟题分项汇编 说明文一 原卷版.docx

1、新高考英语最新模拟题分项汇编 说明文一 原卷版专题01 阅读理解之说明文（一） 一、（福建省福州市2021届高三一模） The new year always brings predictions. You know who gets them right?BLUETOOTHIn his futuristic 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury anticipated Bluetooth, describing wireless earphones that allowed for an electronic ocean of sound, of m

2、usic and talk to be transferred through the air. Imagine how thrilled he would have been with a Bluetooth toaster! That was the idea behind Griffins Connected Toaster, which warned you via smartphone when your toast was done. At $ 100, this baby cost a lot of bread, which may be why it was discontin

3、ued just two years after launch.SMART WATCHThe Apple Watch lets you chat, play games, and watch videos on a device fastened to your wrist. Cool, huh? The Jetsons thought so in 1962 when Steve Jobs was still in second grade!WI-FINikola Tesla called it! In 1909, the famous electrical engineer told the

4、 New York Times, It will soon be possible to send wireless messages all over the world so simply that any individual can carry and operate his own equipment. No doubt he was thinking of the Krastase Hair Coach brush, which measured brushing speed and employed a micro-phone to listen to your hair, al

5、l to compute an overall hair-quality score sent to your smartphone. (Alas, it too is gone.)GPSWriter Arthur CClarke (2001: A Space Odyssey) saw a world in which no one got lost. In 1956，he wrote that satellites “could make possible a position-finding grid (铁网) whereby anyone could locate himself by

6、means of a couple of dials on an instrument about the size of a watch.” Clarke didnt mention that his system might also track another person, such as a criminal. Last year, the New York City police arrested a robber who was wearing a GPS ankle monitor because he was still on probation (缓刑) for a pri

7、or crime.1Which of the predictions is the earliest?ABLUETOOTH. BSMART WATCH,CWI-FI. DGPS.2Why did Griffins Connected Toaster disappear?AToo expensive. BOut of date.CA little awkward DEnergy-consuming.3What was Clarkes prediction?AA GPS ankle monitor.BA robber-arresting instrument.CA watch that could

8、 see the world.DAn instrument that could locate a person.二、（福建省福州市2021届高三一模）The Maya city of Tikal is famous for its amazing palaces and temples. But something far more ordinary kept Tikal functioning: its water-purifying(净化) system, the earliest known of its kind.Researchers recently discovered a v

9、olcanic mineral that traps microbes(微生物) and heavy metals in Tikals largest reservoir(水库). Because the material is not found nearby, the finding suggests the presence of a man-made water-purifying device.The finding denies the long-standing idea that the ancient worlds technological achievements bel

10、onged to the Eastern world, like Egypt, and China. The leading scientist of this research, Kenneth Tankersley says, “When talking about purifying water, the Maya were thousands of years ahead.”Located in the forests of Central America, Tikal, is thought to have been home to more than 45,000 people.

11、They had to struggle against a dry season lasting from November through April. Storing water in reservoirs was a solution, but that water had to be fit to drink, said Kenneth, “Keeping water clean was of great importance.”A few years ago, the researchers were surprised to find that the largest reser

12、voir, Corriental, had significantly fewer harmful chemicals than the others. “The water quality at Corriental was much higher.”Somehow the Maya must have been purifying Corrientals water, the team assumed. “The Maya used gardens as their bathrooms.” Kenneth said, “The water coming into the reservoir

13、 would not have been very clean.”At the bottom of Corriental, scientists found four separate layers(层), each a few centimeters thick, of millimeter-scale “zeolites(沸石)”. This type of volcanic mineral can purify water and is still in widespread use today, Kenneth says, “Just about everything we drink

14、, from bottled water to wine, runs through a zeolite purifying device.”The Maya wouldnt have known about the zeolite in rock, but they would have recognized the purifying effects, the researchers suggest. A zeolite-rich rock formation about 30 kilometers northeast of Tikal is the likely source of th

15、e material in Corriental reservoir, the team said last month in Scientific Reports. Water at this site “was clear and tasted good.”8What did the researchers find?AA new material called zeolites. BThe purifying effects of zeolites.CAn old water-purifying system. DHigh-quality water in Corriental.9How

16、 did the Maya purify water?ABy building the largest reservoir. BBy using gardens as their bathrooms.CBy getting rid of heavy metals. DBy spreading four layers of zeolites.10What can we learn from the research?AThe Maya drank bottled water. BThe ancient Maya were very bright.CThe system was created b

17、y accident. DThe zeolites were found in Corriental.11According to Kenneth,_.Athe original water in Corriental was not clean enoughBwater supply in Tikal lasted from November to AprilCall ancient technological achievements belonged to the EastDthe Maya had a good understanding of the zeolite in rocks

18、三、（福建省福州市2021届高三一模） Can a fish be depressed? This question has been on my head ever since I spent a night in a hotel across from a sad-looking fish. His name was Bruce Lee.The pleasant woman at the front desk assured me that he was well taken care of. Was I incorrectly assuming his laziness was a si

19、gn of being upset?When I sought answers from scientists, I assumed that they would find the question ridiculous. But they did not. New research has been totally shifting the way that scientists think about fish cognition (认知)，building a case that pet and owner are not nearly as different as many ass

20、ume. The neurochemistry (神经化学）is so similar that its scary, said Julian Pittman，a professor. We tend to think of them as simple living things, but there is a lot we dont give fish credit for.Dr. Pittman likes working with fish, in part, because they are so obvious about their depression. A zebrafish

21、 gets dropped in a new tank. If after five minutes it is hanging out in the lower half, its depressed. If its swimming up top, then its not.Is depression the right word? Theres the obvious issue that we cannot ask animals how they feel, says Dr. Diego APizzagali . Neither fish nor rats can catch the

22、 entire range of depression as we know it.There is a heated debate about whether anxious or depressed is a more appropriate term. But what has convinced Dr. Pittman, and others, over the past ten years is watching the way the zebrafish lose interest in just about everything: food, toys, exploration,

23、 just like clinically depressed people who are withdrawn. The same is true of fish.One of the things were finding is that fish are naturally curious and seek novel things out, said Dr. Braithwaite. In other words, your goldfish is probably bored. To help get rid of depression, she urges introducing

24、new objects to the tank or switching up the location of items.12What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AFish are considered simple living things.BPet and owner are always assumed the same.CScientists have learnt a lot about fish cognition.DFish and human beings have something in common.13What does the und

25、erlined word “withdrawn” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?AQuiet and shy.BHappy and excited.CInterested and careful.DDisappointed and surprised.14Why can fish become bored according to the text?AThey need oxygen from the air.BThey are not born to be curious.CThey lack new things to explore.DThey cant lo

26、cate the positions of items.15What might be the best title for the text?AFish Depression Is not a Joke.BFish Can Be a Boring Pet.CFish Need Better Care More.DFish Cognition Does not Exist.四、（福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟）This year, most people have probably spent more of 2020 canceling travel plans than booking

27、them, but its not too late to reverse that trend. Here are some vacations you can plan this fall.Road trip to a local farmVisiting a farm is “number one” travel pick right now. Price plays a big role in that suggestion. Apple picking, for example, is usually very affordable, with some orchards (果园)

28、offering products by the pound, for $1 or $2, and others offering a flat fee for an all-you-can fill bag for about $30.Visit a national parkThere are 421 national parks in the U.S., so odds are youve got one in driving range. If youre up for a challenge, you can climb the Half Dome in Yosemite or ra

29、ce down the great sand dunes in Colorado. The parks are also affordable. An annual pass, which guarantees entry to every park for an entire family, is just $80.Plan a camping tripIt doesnt cost much more than camping. Most states have dozens of drive-in camp sites, while you can also find cabins in

30、the $50-$100 per night range. Theres no shortage of activities, either whether its fishing, hiking, biking or just perfecting your camping recipe.Rent an RV (露营车，房车)RVs are a prime option for a cheap vacation. Using an RV for a vacation means youre paying for your transportation and lodging all in o

31、ne. Also, considering that some two-person RVs can go for as little as $175-$200 per night, you can easily find yourself traveling around the country without breaking the bank.1Which vacation would a thrill seeker most probably choose?ARoad trip to a local farm. BVisit a national park.CPlan a campin

32、g trip. DRent an RV.2What do the vacations have in common?AWallet-friendly. BEnvironment-friendly.CFamily-friendly. DUser-friendly.3Whats the unique advantage of renting RVs?AIt makes your vacation adventurous.BIt offers free trips around the world.CYou can kill two birds with one stone.DYou may have someone to keep you company.五、（福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟）Margaret Mead,the most famous anthropologist(