新高考英语最新模拟题分项汇编 说明文一 原卷版.docx

新高考英语最新模拟题分项汇编 说明文一 原卷版.docx

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新高考英语最新模拟题分项汇编说明文一原卷版

专题01阅读理解之说明文

（一）

一、（福建省福州市2021届高三一模）

Thenewyearalwaysbringspredictions.Youknowwhogetsthemright?

BLUETOOTH

Inhisfuturistic1953novelFahrenheit451,RayBradburyanticipatedBluetooth,describingwirelessearphonesthatallowedfor"anelectronicoceanofsound,ofmusicandtalk"tobetransferredthroughtheair.ImaginehowthrilledhewouldhavebeenwithaBluetoothtoaster!

ThatwastheideabehindGriffin'sConnectedToaster,whichwarnedyouviasmartphonewhenyourtoastwasdone.At$100,thisbabycostalotofbread,whichmaybewhyitwasdiscontinuedjusttwoyearsafterlaunch.

SMARTWATCH

TheAppleWatchletsyouchat,playgames,andwatchvideosonadevicefastenedtoyourwrist.Cool,huh?

TheJetsonsthoughtso…in1962—whenSteveJobswasstillinsecondgrade!

WI-FI

NikolaTeslacalledit!

In1909,thefamouselectricalengineertoldtheNewYorkTimes,"Itwillsoonbepossibletosendwirelessmessagesallovertheworldsosimplythatanyindividualcancarryandoperatehisownequipment."NodoubthewasthinkingoftheKérastaseHairCoachbrush,whichmeasuredbrushingspeedandemployedamicro-phonetolistentoyourhair,alltocomputeanoverallhair-qualityscoresenttoyoursmartphone.（Alas,ittooisgone.）

GPS

WriterArthurC．Clarke（2001:

ASpaceOdyssey）sawaworldinwhichnoonegotlost.In1956，hewrotethatsatellites“couldmakepossibleaposition-findinggrid（铁网）wherebyanyonecouldlocatehimselfbymeansofacoupleofdialsonaninstrumentaboutthesizeofawatch.”Clarkedidn'tmentionthathissystemmightalsotrackanotherperson,suchasacriminal.Lastyear,theNewYorkCitypolicearrestedarobberwhowaswearingaGPSanklemonitor—becausehewasstillonprobation（缓刑）forapriorcrime.

1．Whichofthepredictionsistheearliest?

A．BLUETOOTH.B．SMARTWATCH,

C．WI-FI.D．GPS.

2．WhydidGriffin'sConnectedToasterdisappear?

A．Tooexpensive.B．Outofdate.

C．AlittleawkwardD．Energy-consuming.

3．WhatwasClarke’sprediction?

A．AGPSanklemonitor.

B．Arobber-arrestinginstrument.

C．Awatchthatcouldseetheworld.

D．Aninstrumentthatcouldlocateaperson.

二、（福建省福州市2021届高三一模）

TheMayacityofTikalisfamousforitsamazingpalacesandtemples.ButsomethingfarmoreordinarykeptTikalfunctioning:

itswater-purifying（净化）system,theearliestknownofitskind.

Researchersrecentlydiscoveredavolcanicmineralthattrapsmicrobes（微生物）andheavymetalsinTikal'slargestreservoir（水库）.Becausethematerialisnotfoundnearby,thefindingsuggeststhepresenceofaman-madewater-purifyingdevice.

Thefindingdeniesthelong-standingideathattheancientworldstechnologicalachievementsbelongedtotheEasternworld,likeEgypt,andChina.Theleadingscientistofthisresearch,KennethTankersleysays,“Whentalkingaboutpurifyingwater,theMayawerethousandsofyearsahead.”

LocatedintheforestsofCentralAmerica,Tikal,isthoughttohavebeenhometomorethan45,000people.TheyhadtostruggleagainstadryseasonlastingfromNovemberthroughApril.Storingwaterinreservoirswasasolution,butthatwaterhadtobefittodrink,saidKenneth,“Keepingwatercleanwasofgreatimportance.”

Afewyearsago,theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatthelargestreservoir,Corriental,hadsignificantlyfewerharmfulchemicalsthantheothers.“ThewaterqualityatCorrientalwasmuchhigher.”

SomehowtheMayamusthavebeenpurifyingCorriental’swater,theteamassumed.“TheMayausedgardensastheirbathrooms.”Kennethsaid,“Thewatercomingintothereservoirwouldnothavebeenveryclean.”

AtthebottomofCorriental,scientistsfoundfourseparatelayers（层）,eachafewcentimetersthick,ofmillimeter-scale“zeolites（沸石）”.Thistypeofvolcanicmineralcanpurifywaterandisstillinwidespreadusetoday,Kennethsays,“Justabouteverythingwedrink,frombottledwatertowine,runsthroughazeolitepurifyingdevice.”

TheMayawouldn’thaveknownaboutthezeoliteinrock,buttheywouldhaverecognizedthepurifyingeffects,theresearcherssuggest.Azeolite-richrockformationabout30kilometersnortheastofTikalisthelikelysourceofthematerialinCorrientalreservoir,theteamsaidlastmonthinScientificReports.Wateratthissite“wasclearandtastedgood.”

8．Whatdidtheresearchersfind?

A．Anewmaterialcalledzeolites.B．Thepurifyingeffectsofzeolites.

C．Anoldwater-purifyingsystem.D．High-qualitywaterinCorriental.

9．HowdidtheMayapurifywater?

A．Bybuildingthelargestreservoir.B．Byusinggardensastheirbathrooms.

C．Bygettingridofheavymetals.D．Byspreadingfourlayersofzeolites.

10．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?

A．TheMayadrankbottledwater.B．TheancientMayawereverybright.

C．Thesystemwascreatedbyaccident.D．ThezeoliteswerefoundinCorriental.

11．AccordingtoKenneth,________.

A．theoriginalwaterinCorrientalwasnotcleanenough

B．watersupplyinTikallastedfromNovembertoApril

C．allancienttechnologicalachievementsbelongedtotheEast

D．theMayahadagoodunderstandingofthezeoliteinrocks

三、（福建省福州市2021届高三一模）Canafishbedepressed?

ThisquestionhasbeenonmyheadeversinceIspentanightinahotelacrossfromasad-lookingfish.HisnamewasBruceLee.

Thepleasantwomanatthefrontdeskassuredmethathewaswelltakencareof.WasIincorrectlyassuminghislazinesswasasignofbeingupset?

WhenIsoughtanswersfromscientists,Iassumedthattheywouldfindthequestionridiculous.Buttheydidnot.Newresearchhasbeentotallyshiftingthewaythatscientiststhinkaboutfishcognition（认知），buildingacasethatpetandownerarenotnearlyasdifferentasmanyassume.Theneurochemistry（神经化学）issosimilarthatit’sscary,saidJulianPittman，aprofessor.Wetendtothinkofthemassimplelivingthings,butthereisalotwedon'tgivefishcreditfor.

Dr.Pittmanlikesworkingwithfish,inpart,becausetheyaresoobviousabouttheirdepression.Azebrafishgetsdroppedinanewtank.Ifafterfiveminutesitishangingoutinthelowerhalf,it’sdepressed.Ifit’sswimminguptop,thenit’snot.

Isdepressiontherightword?

There'stheobviousissuethatwecannotaskanimalshowtheyfeel,saysDr.DiegoA．Pizzagali.Neitherfishnorratscancatchtheentirerangeofdepressionasweknowit.

Thereisaheateddebateaboutwhetheranxiousordepressedisamoreappropriateterm.ButwhathasconvincedDr.Pittman,andothers,overthepasttenyearsiswatchingthewaythezebrafishloseinterestinjustabouteverything:

food,toys,exploration,justlikeclinicallydepressedpeoplewhoarewithdrawn.Thesameistrueoffish.

Oneofthethingswe'refindingisthatfisharenaturallycuriousandseeknovelthingsout,saidDr.Braithwaite.Inotherwords,yourgoldfishisprobablybored.Tohelpgetridofdepression,sheurgesintroducingnewobjectstothetankorswitchingupthelocationofitems.

12．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A．Fishareconsideredsimplelivingthings.

B．Petandownerarealwaysassumedthesame.

C．Scientistshavelearntalotaboutfishcognition.

D．Fishandhumanbeingshavesomethingincommon.

13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“withdrawn”inParagraph6probablymean?

A．Quietandshy.

B．Happyandexcited.

C．Interestedandcareful.

D．Disappointedandsurprised.

14．Whycanfishbecomeboredaccordingtothetext?

A．Theyneedoxygenfromtheair.

B．Theyarenotborntobecurious.

C．Theylacknewthingstoexplore.

D．Theycan’tlocatethepositionsofitems.

15．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．FishDepressionIsnotaJoke.

B．FishCanBeaBoringPet.

C．FishNeedBetterCareMore.

D．FishCognitionDoesnotExist.

四、（福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟）

Thisyear,mostpeoplehaveprobablyspentmoreof2020cancelingtravelplansthanbookingthem,butit’snottoolatetoreversethattrend.Herearesomevacationsyoucanplanthisfall.

Roadtriptoalocalfarm

Visitingafarmis“numberone”travelpickrightnow.Priceplaysabigroleinthatsuggestion.Applepicking,forexample,isusuallyveryaffordable,withsomeorchards（果园）offeringproductsbythepound,for$1or$2,andothersofferingaflatfeeforanall-you-canfillbagforabout$30.

Visitanationalpark

Thereare421nationalparksintheU.S.,sooddsareyou’vegotoneindrivingrange.Ifyou’reupforachallenge,youcanclimbtheHalfDomeinYosemiteorracedownthegreatsanddunesinColorado.Theparksarealsoaffordable.Anannualpass,whichguaranteesentrytoeveryparkforanentirefamily,isjust$80.

Planacampingtrip

Itdoesn’tcostmuchmorethancamping.Moststateshavedozensofdrive-incampsites,whileyoucanalsofindcabinsinthe$50-$100pernightrange.There’snoshortageofactivities,either—whetherit’sfishing,hiking,bikingorjustperfectingyourcampingrecipe.

RentanRV（露营车，房车）

RVsareaprimeoptionforacheapvacation.UsinganRVforavacationmeansyou’repayingforyourtransportationandlodgingallinone.Also,consideringthatsometwo-personRVscangoforaslittleas$175-$200pernight,youcaneasilyfindyourselftravelingaroundthecountrywithoutbreakingthebank.

1．Whichvacationwouldathrillseekermostprobablychoose?

A．Roadtriptoalocalfarm.B．Visitanationalpark.

C．Planacampingtrip.D．RentanRV.

2．Whatdothevacationshaveincommon?

A．Wallet-friendly.B．Environment-friendly.

C．Family-friendly.D．User-friendly.

3．What’stheuniqueadvantageofrentingRVs?

A．Itmakesyourvacationadventurous.

B．Itoffersfreetripsaroundtheworld.

C．Youcankilltwobirdswithonestone.

D．Youmayhavesomeonetokeepyoucompany.

五、（福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟）

MargaretMead,themostfamousanthropologist（