八年级英语下第一轮复习unit 14鲁教版知识精讲.docx

1、八年级英语下第一轮复习unit 14鲁教版知识精讲八年级英语（下）第一轮复习Unit 1-4鲁教版【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：第一轮复习 八年级（下） Unit 1-4（一）重点短语（二）重点句型（三）语法要点二、知识总结与归纳（一）重点短语1. have a good time2. on board3. end up4. three quarters5. the population of6. in the dark7. wake up8. all year round9. read aloud10.practice pronunciation11.feel differently12.

2、speak quickly13. get excited14. not at all15. keep an English notebook16.spoken English17.make mistakes18.later on19.it doesnt matter20.be afraid to do sth.21. laugh at22. make complete sentences23. the secret of doing sth.24. take notes25. at this term26. be impressed27. have trouble doing sth.28.

3、talk fast29. look up in a dictionary30. make up conversations31.deal with32. be unfair33. solve a problem34. regard as35. its our duty to do sth.36. with the help of37. be angry with38. go by39. try ones best40.break off41. used to do sth.42. be interested in43. be terrified of44. go to sleep45. wit

4、h the light on46. a fifteen-year-old boy47.cant afford to do sth.48. cause problems for himself49. be patient50. in the end51. make a decision52. head teacher53. its necessary for sb. to do sth.54. to ones surprise55. even though56. no longer57. take pride in58. pay attention to59. give up doing sth

5、.60. waste ones time61. not any more62. sixteen-year-olds63. drivers license64. instead of65. stay up 66. concentrate on67. at present68. a great experience69. old peoples home70. be sleepy71. reply to72. obey the rules73. in the way74. achieve ones dreams75. the importance of doing sth.76. care abo

6、ut（二）重点句型1. A: Have you ever been to a water park? B: No. I havent. A: Me neither.Me neither. 意为“我也没”，是省略句型，相当于Neither have I. 例如：I dont know where to go at this weekend. 我不知道这个周末去哪儿。Me neither. 我也不知道。2. Have you ever heard of a Disney Cruise?hear of意为“听说”，表示听到有关某人或某事的消息或情况，后面可接名词、代词等。hear from“收到某人

7、的来信”。如：He has never heard of that place. 他从来没有听说过那个地方。Have you heard from your sister? 你收到你姐姐的来信了吗？3. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.“It is + 被强调部分 + that / who + 其他。”此结构是一个强调句型，本句被强调部分是原因状语。该句型可以强调主语、宾语、状语等。句子中的that / who不能用其他词代替，在口语中可以省略。如：It was a book that he bought yest

8、erday. 昨天他买的是一本书。（强调“book”）It was he who bought a book yesterday. 是他昨天买了一本书。（强调“he”）Self Check & Reading4. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the population are Chinese. 一方面，超过四分之三的人是中国人。three quarters “四分之三”，表示“四分之一”为“a quarter”。英语中分数的表达法为：用基数词作分子，序数词作分母；当分子大于一时，分母要加-s。如：1/3读作 one / a thi

9、rd， 2/3读作two thirds，3/5读作three fifths。5. you wont have any problem finding rice, noodles, or dumplings. 你会毫不费劲地找到米饭、面条或饺子。have problems doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。 如：I have some problems finishing this work. 我完成这项工作有些困难。Did your team have any problems winning the match? 你们队赢这场比赛有什么问题吗？6. How do you study

10、for tests ? 你是怎样准备考试的？Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦，我和同学们一起学习。by 介词, 表示通过方法或途径的意思, 译成“靠, 通过”, 后面可加名词或名词短语。e.g. 1) The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了。2) travel by air /land/sea 航空（陆路，航海）旅行3) go by train /boat/ bus 乘火车（船，公共汽车）去4) shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手5) I study English by

11、 watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语。7. First of all , it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher. 首先，对我而言，听懂老师的话并不容易。first of all 首先It is (was) for sb. to do sth. 在这个句型中，不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。8. Im terrified of the dark.be terrified of害怕，是一个“be + 形容词 + 介词”结构的短语，与be afraid of同义，后接名词、代词、v.-ing形式作宾语。

12、如：The boy is terrified of telling the truth.常用的“be + 形容词 + 介词”结构的短语有：be interested in 对感兴趣； be good at 擅长； be angry with sb. 生某人的气； be angry at sth.因某事生气； be surprised at 对感到吃惊； be proud of 为感到自豪； be friendly to 对友好(1) 改为同义句：The girl is afraid of crossing such a busy road. The girl _ _ _ crossing su

13、ch a busy road.(2) 翻译填空：我对爸爸正制作的东西感兴趣。I _ _ _ what Dad is making.9. My life has changed a lot in the last few years. in the last few years相当于in the past few years，表示“在过去的几年里”，常与现在完成时连用。如：In the last few years, our city has built many buildings.(1) 动词填空：My little brother _ (make) great progress in hi

14、s English in the past months.(2) 翻译句子：在过去五年里我们的城市发生了很大变化。_10. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot.seem用作连系动词，意思是“好像；似乎；看起来”，其后可接形容词、动词不定式或用于句型：It seems + that从句。如：Mom seems quite happy today.Lucy seemed to laugh at us. 改为同义句：It seemed that Tina was late for the train.Tina seemed _ _ late for the

15、train. 11. Martin called his mother, but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. surprise在这里是名词， to ones surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是”，多用在句首作状语，为了加强语气或加深程度可以说much to ones surprise或to ones great surprise。如：To my great surprise, he finished the task only in a few days. (1) 和名词surprise构成短语的还有in surpri

16、se，意为“吃惊地”，在句中作状语，相当于surprisedly，修饰动词。如：Bill looked at me in surprise. (2) to ones surprise中的surprise可以换成其它表示情感的名词，以表达不同的意思。如：To her great joy, she found her daughter was getting to be interested in playing the piano. 翻译填空：(1) 使我们大为振奋的是，他最终成功了。_ _ _ _, he succeeded at last. (2) 当我走进教室时，学生们都吃惊地看着我。Th

17、e students all looked at me _ _ when I entered the classroom.12. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me and would always take pride in everything good I do.(1) even though是连词，相当于although或though，意思是“尽管；即使；纵然”，用于引导让步状语从句。若主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如：He wont

18、tell me about it even though (=even if) he knows the news. (2) no longer可以用not . any longer替换，用于表示时间或距离“不再（延续）”。如：You are no longer a child. (=You arent a child any longer.) (3) I do是定语从句修饰前面的先行词everything，关系代词that省略了。 翻译填空：_ (即使下雨), I will go to school. 改为同义句：In the USA, usually children above 18 n

19、o longer live with their parents.In the USA, usually children above 18_ live with their parents _ _.13. Anna wants to get her ears pierced. get her ears pierced意为“让别人给她扎耳朵眼”。“get / have + n. / pron. + 动词的过去分词”，意为“请别人做某事”或“使某事完成”。如：Could you help me get the flowers watered?翻译填空： 去理发吧。Go and _ your ha

20、ir _. 14. I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.(1) “I dont think + (that)从句”，从形式上看dont否定的是主句的谓语动词think，但意义上否定的却是从句的谓语动词。英语中，这种现象叫作“否定转移”。如：I dont think she will come today. (2) sixteen-year-olds是一个合成名词，意为“十六岁的孩子们”。这类用连字符连接的合成名词变为复数时，通常把最后一个词变成复数即可。如：grown-upgrown-ups成年人改为否定句：Li

21、Jie thinks Miss Yang is on holiday at present. Li Jie _ _ Miss Yang _ on holiday at present. 用连字符连接的合成名词变复数时，通常将具有主要意义的词变为复数。如：looker-onlookers-on旁观者由man, woman等构成的复合名词变复数时，通常两个词均变为复数。如：woman teacherwomen teachers 女教师man singermen singers男歌手15. We have a lot of rules at my house. So do we. “So do we

22、.” 是倒装句，其结构是“so + 系动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”，表示前者的情况同样适用于后者，时态应和上一句保持一致，前后两个句子的主语指不同的人或物。如：I like learning English, and so does my sister.You can drive. So can Jack. 改为同义句：You have a lot of beautiful stamps. I also have lots of beautiful stamps.You have a lot of beautiful stamps. _ _ I. 注意(1) 如果前面的句子是否定

23、句，则要将so改为neither或nor。如：If you dont go to the park, neither / nor will I. (如果你不去公园的话，我也不去。)(2)“so + 主语 + 系动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词”，表示对前面所述情况作进一步肯定，意为“确实如此”，前后两个句子说明同一个人或物。Maria is a warm-hearted girl. So she is. (她确实是。)16. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes tha

24、n our studies. 本句that引导的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气。如果说话人把所表达的行为或状态看作是一种假想，而不是客观事实时，就用虚拟语气。体现在时态上是：if引导的条件状语从句用过去时（系动词一般用were），主句用would / could / should + 动词原形。如：What would you do if you had a million dollars?（见Unit 4）用动词的适当形式填空：If I _(be) you, I _(stop) wearing that silly earring. 17. That would be a good way to k

25、eep both teachers and students happy. (1) a good way to do sth. 意为“做的好方法”，动词不定式作定语修饰way。如：The best way to deal with our problems is to face them. (2) keep意思是“使保持某种状态”，后接形容词happy作宾语补足语，还可以接介词短语、副词、v.-ing形式、过去分词作宾语补足语。如：The two students keep their hands behind their backs. Sorry to have kept you waiti

26、ng for such a long time. 翻译填空：你能找到解决这个难题的办法吗？Can you find a _ _ _ the difficult problem? 改错：Its hot here. Lets keep the window opened. _18. Being a professional runner is the only thing I have ever wanted to do. (1) 这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。 I have ever wanted to do为定语从句，修饰前面的名词the only thing。(2) v.-ing短语bein

27、g a professional runner作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数。如：Eating too much candy is bad for your health. 用动词的适当形式填空：Working as a reporter _ (be) my dream. 19. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.这是一个部分倒装句。当“only + 状语”位于句首表示强调时，其后的句子应使用部分倒装语序，也就是将助动词置于主语前。如：Only by working hard can one succeed.翻译填空：只有通

28、过这种方式，你的英语口语才会提高。Only in this way _ _ _ your spoken English.（三）语法要点：现在完成时态易混点1. for和since 的区别for“计、达”，后面接时间段；since“自从以来”，后面接时间点。如：We have studied here for two years. We have studied here since two years ago.我们在这儿学习两年了。2. have / has been to 与have / has gone to的区别have / has been to“去过某地”，表示现在不在那儿了；hav

29、e / has gone to“去了某地”，表示现在不在这儿。如：Harvey has been to America twice. 哈维去过美国两次。（哈维以前去过美国两次，而现在不一定在美国）Harvey has gone to America. 哈维去了美国。（哈维现在在美国）3. 延续性动词与非延续性动词的区别延续性动词的动作能持续一段时间，常与表示一段时间的状语连用；非延续性动词的动作持续时间很短，瞬间结束，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Nick has left Beijing. 尼克离开北京了。Nick has been away from Beijing for an ho

30、ur. 尼克离开北京一个小时了。易混的非延续性动词与延续性动词对照：buyhave comebe here leavebe away openbe open borrowkeep diebe dead returnbe back becomebe joinbe a member of4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调现在的情况如何，即过去的动作对现在的影响；一般过去时只强调过去怎样，不强调现在怎样。如：I has bought a kite. 我买了一个风筝。（表示现在风筝还在）I bought a kite ten years ago. 十年前我买了一个风筝。（判断不出现在风筝是否存在）【典型例题】根据下列问题提示写一篇短文，介绍一下你的英语学习情况和未来的学习计划。词数80左右。提示：1. When did you begin to learn English? How long have you been studying English?2.