第10章组织结构设计.ppt

1、1Organizational Structure and Design组织结构和设计组织结构和设计ChapterChapter10Learning Outcomes 学习成果学习成果阅读及学习完本章后要求掌握以下阅读及学习完本章后要求掌握以下3 3点，并能回答其中的有关问题：点，并能回答其中的有关问题：LO 10.1 Defining Organizational Structure 对组织结构进行定义对组织结构进行定义LO 10.2 Organizational Design Decisions 组织设计的决策考虑组织设计的决策考虑LO 10.3 Common Organizational

2、 Designs 常见的组织设计形式常见的组织设计形式2Defining Organizational Structure定义组织结构定义组织结构LearningOutcome10.11.Defining and understanding the 3 terms of“Organizing”,“Organizational Structure”and“Organizational Design”定义及理解“组织工作”，“组织结构”和“组织结构设计”的意思。2.Discuss the six key elements in organizational structure.讨论组织结构的6大要

3、素。33 Key TermsOrganizing Organizing 组织组织工作工作Organizing is arranging and structuring work to Organizing is arranging and structuring work to accomplish the organizations goals.accomplish the organizations goals.组织组织工作就是工作就是对对工工作作进进行安排和行安排和结结构化以构化以实现组织实现组织的目的目标标。Organizational StructureOrganizational

4、Structure 组织结组织结构构Organizational structure is the formal arrangement of Organizational structure is the formal arrangement of jobs within an organization.jobs within an organization.组织结组织结构就是构就是对组织对组织中的工中的工作的正式安排。作的正式安排。Organizational DesignOrganizational Design 组织设计组织设计Organizational design is deve

5、loping or changing an Organizational design is developing or changing an organizations structure.organizations structure.组织设计组织设计就是开就是开发发或者改或者改变变一一个个组织组织的的结结构。构。4表表表表 10-1 10-1 Purposes Purposes of of OrganizingOrganizing 组织工作的目的组织工作的目的组织工作的目的组织工作的目的 P.267P.2675Divides work to be done into specific

6、jobs and departments.Assigns tasks and responsibilities associated with individual jobs.Coordinates diverse organizational tasks.Clusters jobs into units.Establishes relationships among individuals,groups,and departments.Establishes formal lines of authority.Allocates and deploys organizational reso

7、urces.Six Key Elements of Organizational Structure 组织结构的构的6大要素大要素Organizational Design is a process involving Organizational Design is a process involving decisions about six key elementsdecisions about six key elements 组织设计组织设计是涉及是涉及6 6大要素的决策大要素的决策过过程程:1.1.Work specialization Work specialization 工作

8、工作工作工作专门专门化化化化2.2.DepartmentalizationDepartmentalization 部部部部门门化化化化3.3.Chain of commandChain of command 指指指指挥链挥链4.4.Span of controlSpan of control 管控幅度管控幅度管控幅度管控幅度5.5.Centralization and decentralizationCentralization and decentralization 集集集集权权与分与分与分与分权权6.6.FormalizationFormalization 正正正正规规化化化化6组织结构

9、构6大要素大要素Work Specialization 工作专门化 The degree to which tasks in the organization are divided The degree to which tasks in the organization are divided into separate jobs with each step completed by a different into separate jobs with each step completed by a different person.person.组织组织中的任中的任务务划分划分为为

10、不同的工作步不同的工作步骤骤，每一步都由，每一步都由不同的人来完成的程度不同的人来完成的程度 Overspecialization can result in human diseconomies from Overspecialization can result in human diseconomies from boredom,fatigue,stress,poor quality,increased boredom,fatigue,stress,poor quality,increased absenteeism,and higher turnover.absenteeism,and

11、 higher turnover.过过度的度的专业专业分工会分工会导导致致厌厌倦，疲倦，疲劳劳，压压力，低力，低质质量，缺勤率和离量，缺勤率和离职职率增加。率增加。75 Common Types of Departmentalization 部门化的部门化的5种常见类型种常见类型Functional Functional 按职能按职能按职能按职能Grouping jobs by Grouping jobs by functions performedfunctions performedProductProduct 按产品按产品按产品按产品Grouping jobs by Grouping j

12、obs by product product lineline 产品线产品线产品线产品线GeographicalGeographical 按地区按地区按地区按地区Grouping jobs on the Grouping jobs on the basis of basis of territory or territory or geographygeographyProcess Process 按流程按流程按流程按流程Grouping jobs on the Grouping jobs on the basis of basis of product or product or custo

13、mer flowcustomer flowCustomerCustomer 按顾客按顾客按顾客按顾客Grouping jobs by Grouping jobs by type of type of customer and customer and needsneeds8图图图图 10-1 10-1 The Five Common Forms of Departmentalization9Advantages 优点优点Efficiencies from putting together similar specialties and people with common skills,kno

14、wledge,and orientationsCoordination within functional areaIn-depth specializationDisadvantages 缺点缺点Poor communication across functional areasLimited view of organizational goalsFunctional Departmentalization 职能部能部门化化图图图图 10-1 10-1(contd)(contd)Geographical DepartmentalizationGeographical Departmenta

15、lization 地区部门化地区部门化地区部门化地区部门化10Advantages 优点优点More effective and efficient handling of specific regional issues that ariseServe needs of unique geographic markets betterDisadvantages 缺点缺点Duplication of functionsCan feel isolated from other organizational areas图图图图 10-1 10-1(contd)(contd)Product Depa

16、rtmentalizationProduct Departmentalization 产品部门化产品部门化产品部门化产品部门化11+Allows specialization in particular products and services+Managers can become experts in their industry+Closer to customers Duplication of functions Limited view of organizational goals庞巴迪公司巴迪公司公共交公共交通部通部铁路路产品部品部休休闲和特种和特种车辆部部图图图图 10-1 10-1(contd)(contd)Process DepartmentalizationProcess Departmentalization生产流程生产流程生产流程生产流程/工艺部门化工艺部门化工艺部门化工艺部门化 (家具生产家具生产家具生产家具生产)12+More efficient flow of work activitiesCan only be used with certain