届二轮复习 短文改错中词法十大测试解题指导学案16页word版.docx

1、届二轮复习 短文改错中词法十大测试解题指导 学案16页word版2018届二轮复习 短文改错中词法十大测试解题指导1.名词：主要是查名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。 Ihavemanyhobby,suchasfootball,sing,listenmusic. 名词Hobby是可数名词，在这要用复数形式；playingfootball是一项运动，football只是一种球；sing和 listento要用动名词形式。2.代词：对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致，常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代

2、词等。Hedrovetoofast,andthepolicestoppedher.前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代，故应将her改为him.3.冠词：英语中只有三个冠词，但用起来却很复杂，在短文改错中，错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用，不该用时却用了；该用an用了a，该用a（n）却用了the.Imeanttowriteletterandtellyouallthethings名词letter为可数名词,故write后应加a.4.介词：检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配，介词惯用词组等是否正确。Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.动词短语thanks

3、b.forsth.为固定搭配，故应将with改为for.5.形容词、副词：形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词，该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么，形式是否正确，是原级、比较级还是最高级。形容词、副词误用也是常考的改错项目之一。IhadnotinterestinEnglish.interest是名词，应用形容词no来修饰，而not是副词，副词不能修饰名词6.连词：短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题。平行结构常借

4、助与并列连词and,or,but,notonlybutalso,notbut,eitheror,neithernor,aswellas等。Asithasbeenrainingthesedays,sowehavedecidedtoputoffoursportsmeeting. 由于前句有As引导原因状语从句，因此后句不能再用so,故应把so去掉。 Thepopulationisgrowing,buttheearthmustsupporttoomanypeople. 根据上下文意思判断，前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折，所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并 列连词误用。备考建议：1. 夯实语

5、言基础（积累）2. 培养语篇衔接与连贯意识3. 在阅读和写作中培养改错能力4. 培养考生答题规范意识一名词真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)1.(2015新课标卷I) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 2.(2014新课标卷I) Since thenfor all these yearwe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.3.(2013新课标卷I) He was tall, with broad

6、 shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years. 4.(2012课标卷) From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. 5.(2011新课标卷) It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. 6.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clo

7、thes.7.(2015新课标卷II) One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded. he turned around and found that his parents were missing.8.(2014新课标卷II) For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. 9.(2013新课标卷II) When tea got p

8、opular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.点拨：解答这类题主要有6条依据：1.依据可数名词与不可数名词的用法特点。可数名词大于一时要用复数，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。如air, milk, water等物质名词与music, advice, fun等抽象名词是不可数名词，一般是没有复数形式的。还有luggage, furniture, equipment等都是容易出错的不可数名词。2.依据名词前的修饰语。如名词前有these, those, ten等修

9、饰时，应当用复数。如真题再练2，these year就错了，要用these years才正确。3.依据主谓一致原则。如果谓语动词是复数，主语也应是复数；如果谓语动词是单数，主语也应是单数。如真题再练1，谓语是is getting，而主语是airs，可知这里一定有问题。4.依据上下文信息。如真题再练7，Tony went toa shopping center with his parent，汤姆是同他的父亲或母亲，还是同他父母一起去商场？下文his parents were missing告诉我们，是同父母一起去的，故parent应用复数。5.依据生活常识。如真题再练3，一个人的肩膀是有左有右

10、的，应当用复数。如果没有这个常识就无法正确指出with broad shoulder这一错误。6.依据逻辑意义。如真题再练6，“当我最终到达朋友时”，“到达朋友”怎么讲得通呢？这里一定有问题，应当是“到达朋友的家”才通顺。考点归纳 名词是短文改错的必考点，5年8套题中无一例外。主要考查名词的“数”与“格”，具体有3点：1.不可数名词没有复数，文中却用了复数。如真题再练第1题和第5题。要牢记常见的不可数名词，如：fun, advice, information, work(工作), homework, housework, progress, luggage, furniture, equipm

11、ent, money等。2.可数名词该用复数时，文中却用了单数。如真题再练第2、3、4、7、8、9题。显然，这是考查的重点。要注意可数名词前有these, those, several, few, many, a large number of, each of, one of, 或大于1的数词修饰时，以及虽无这些词但根据语境其意义大于1时，一定要用复数形式。3.表示“某人的”本应用名词的所有格，文中却没用。如真题再练第6题。注意，以下情况中，名词所有格后的名词可省略：a butchers(shop)肉铺，a tailors(shop)裁缝店，a barbers(shop)理发店，a doct

12、ors(office)诊所，my sisters(home)我姐姐家，其中shop,office, home等表示处所的词都可以省略，直接用名词所有格表示。二 代词真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词) 1.(2015新课标卷I) We must find ways to protect your environment. If we fail to doso, well live to regret it.2.(2013新课标卷I) He had a deep voice, which set himself apart from others3.(201

13、2新课标卷) I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, Igot angry and broke it. 4.(2012新课标卷) For a while, parents bought me new toys. 5.(2015新课标卷II) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.思路点拨解答这类题需注意两点：1. 弄清指代对象。凡是核查代词是否有错，关键是核查该代词的指代对象，即到底是指代谁或什么，弄清指代的对象是人还是物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。2. 留意三无名词。即要

14、特别留意前面无冠词、无物主代词、无不定代词的名词。遇到三无名词，要自问：是泛指吗？如果不是泛指，具体又是谁的呢？如真题再练第4题，“父母给我买了新玩具”，是泛指天下所有的父母？不是！是谁的父母给我买玩具？我的父母！故parents前应加上my。考点归纳代词是短文改错的常考点，5年8套题中考了5次。主要从5个方面考查代词。1. 前后人称不一致。如真题再练1，your与前后的we不一致。2. 前后单复数不一致。如真题再练3，it与指代对象the toys在单复数上不一致。3. 前后的性别不一致。如前后谈的是一个女人，却冒出he或his来，反之亦然。4. 物主代词的漏用。如真题再练4、5题。5. t

15、his, that, it的区别；anything与everything的区别。三冠词真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词) 1.(2015新课标卷I) Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 2.(2014新课标卷I) As result, the plants are growing everywhere.3.(2013新课标卷I) In a fact, he even scared my classmates away when they came over to pl

16、ay or do homework with me. 4.(2011新课标卷) I was going to visit a friend there, and after that, I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.5.(2015新课标卷II) He liked it so much that he quickly walked into the shop A woman saw him crying and told him to wait out side a shop.6.(2014新课标卷II) My dream school looks

17、like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 7.(2013新课标卷II) This custom soon became another meal of day.思路点拨1.留意三无名词。遇到无冠词、无形容词性物主代词、无不定代词修饰的单数可数名词要注意，若根据语境不是将其变为复数，就一定是在前面加冠词。如真题再练4、7。2.留意固定词组。固定词组常积累，就成火眼金睛，一看便知错。如真题再练1、2、3。3.考究是否用错。要根据冠词的基本用法，如定冠

18、词表示特指，一般来说不是特指不用定冠词；不定冠词表泛指，常可译作“一个/本/支”等，意义不通，可能有错。如真题再练6。冠词的基本用法可参见语法填空部分。考点归纳冠词在5年8套题中考了7次，可算作必考点。主要从以下3个方面考查冠词：1. 混用。即a, an与the的混用。如真题再练5。2. 多用。如真题再练第3、6题。考查的内容是“零冠词”，即不用冠词的情况：(1)专有名词前，如Tom, China等。(2)学科名词前，如I like physics。(3)球类运动名词前，如play football等。(4)三餐名词前，如have breakfast等。(5)唯一职位名词前，如chairman

19、, president等。(6)名词前已有物主代词或不定代词时，如my teacher, some students等。(7)抽象名词和物质名词等不可数名词表示泛指时，如Im fond of music.(8)可数名词的复数形式表示泛指或指一类事物时，如真题再练6。(9)不用冠词的固定词组，如真题再练3。3. 少用。这是考查的重点，8套题中考了4次。如真题再练第1、2、4、7题。要特别留意含有冠词的固定词组。如真题再练第1、2题。四连词真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词) 1.(2015新课标卷I) In the countryside, the air

20、is clean or the mountains are green. 2.(2014新课标卷I) Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.3.(2013新课标卷I) He had a deep voice, which set him apart from others in our small town, he was strong and powerful.4

21、.(2013新课标卷I) In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me. 5.(2012新课标卷) But before long, they began to see which was happening. 6.(2011新课标卷) I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor, and then I realized that someone had

22、stolen it.7.(2015新课标卷II) After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.8.(2013新课标卷II) Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. 思路点拨1. 句间无连词，增加连词。凡是两个句子之间没有句号、分号，又

23、没有连词时，一定是漏掉连词了，要根据两句之间的意义关系或逻辑关系，增加一个恰当的连词。注意口诀：两个主谓结构之间必须有一个连接词，那么三个主谓结构之间必须有_个连接词。2. 句间多连词，删除连词。虽然同一句子中的两个主谓关系之间一定有连词，但又不能多，只需一个，多了就错了。特别是受汉语的影响，易将although /thoughbut(虽然但是), because/since /asso (因为所以)连用，遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的but, so, 以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。3. 遇到连词要考究是否用错。如or (表选择), and (表顺承), but (表转折)之间是

24、否用错，要根据句意的理解、前后的逻辑关系去判断。考点归纳除2013年卷I考了2道题，2014年卷II没有考查连词外，每年有1道题考查连词。在最近5年8套题中考了8道题，已考的具体考点有：1. 并列连词的误用(1)or与and混用。如真题再练1。(2)but与and混用。如真题再练6。(3)but与although连用。如真题再练2。(4)并列连词漏用。如真题再练3。2. 从句的引导词的误用(1)误用从句连词。如真题再练5、7。(2)误用that来引导非限制性定语从句。如真题再练8。(3)介词误作连词用。如真题再练4，during误作when。易混的还有表示“随着”的介词with与连词when；

25、表示“在期间”的介词during与连词while。介词一般是接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，而连词才可以连接句子。考生备考时，以下3点仍需注意：1. that的用法。(1)引导名词性从句时没有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分，只起连接作用，因此引导宾语从句时常被省略。(2)引导定语从句，如果不是直接在介词后，一般可以替代which或who，但不能引导非限制性定语从句。2. what的用法。是连接代词，引导名词性从句并在从句中作主语或宾语，除表示“什么”外，还有“所的(the thingthat)”之类的意思。3. 牢记平行结构。请翻译下列连词：(1)或者或者(2)既不也不(3)不但而且(4)不是而是(

26、5)不论还是此外，no soonerthan, hardlywhen中than与when不要用错，有比较级sooner，才用than。六时态真题再练下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词) 1.(2015新课标卷I) When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 2.(2014新课标卷I) Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they

27、please. As a result, the plants are growing The fruits are small 3.(2013新课标卷I) I was only four when she passes away. 4.(2012新课标卷) When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, “Thats it. No more toys for you.”5.(2011新课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friends he lent me lots of cloth

28、es. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.6.(2014新课标卷II) My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didnt need to do so much homework.7.(2013新课标卷II) This custom soon becomes another meal of the

29、day. Interestingly, it had a connection with the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.8.(2015新课标卷II) A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.9.(2014新课标卷II) We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music. 10.(2015新课标卷I) Lots of studies have been shown that

30、 global warming has already become a very serious problem. 11.(2015新课标卷II) Tony was scared and begun to cry.12.(2013新课标卷II) Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. 13.(2011新课标卷) Luckily, I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.14.(2014新课

31、标卷II) My dream school look like a big garden. 15.(2015新课标卷I) We must found ways to protect the environment. 16.(2012新课标卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I must make my toys last.思路点拨从真题再练来看，5年8套题有16道是谓语动词的错，平均每套2道题，可见谓语动词在短文改错中是错得最多的，是最重要的考点。短文一般含8到10句话，对每句话的谓语一定都要仔细研究。可按以下线索去思考：1. 查时态是否一致。遇到某个谓语动词的时态与上下文的时态不一致时，十有八九是出错了，需仔细审查。如真题再练1，前面两个动词was,hoped和后面的would都是过去式，而think却用一般现在时，不一致，就很可能错了，需重点核实。2. 查语态是否正确。当主语是谓语动词的动作