漫谈对接和出舱Talking about docking and leaving cabin.docx

1、漫谈对接和出舱Talking about docking and leaving cabin漫谈对接和出舱（Talking about docking and leaving cabin）Humans into space soon found out in real space, must be in docking (docking) and EVA (extravehicular, activities, EVA) two technology Dezhuan it. Manned space flight only beyond the two mark, to strive for

2、further improvement, create a fertile ground for sustainable development.With the most simple analogy, you go out to buy things, start the car, going to the store for at. Find the destination, parking, into the store and buy goods, carrying bags. Return on the tire, open the door, get off the spare

3、tire change, to get on the bus and drive home.If you open a spaceship that you have to store and docking, first to enter service. Everything was finished, the spacecraft mechanical failure, you must have extravehicular activities, after troubleshooting, to return.In fact, in the earths orbit docking

4、, and a key action, that is the first spacecraft to find the target store and rendezvous (rendezvous). Drive to find shops on the ground, through the head, not turning back. The store is a building, fixed on the ground, unable to move, to ensure that you can find it first rendezvous, and it will go

5、into docking success so far. You know, the maximum speed of the bullet by about 2 to 3 times the speed of sound, but in the earths orbit store, is 25 times the speed of sound in space benz! The spaceship chase target store than a bullet hit shot ten times faster. So in space, rendezvous itself, is a

6、 high degree of difficulty. Find the target, rendezvous, but also accurately docking, it is even more difficult.There are a lot of preparation work before. For example, space shop is not born in earth orbit, must spend big money with a rocket sent up. So, to docking, first . To meet, we need to meet

7、 the target sent up. Ring ring, ring ring in place, docking can be accomplished.Daily driving, not only in the drivers seat. Car wash, change the battery, tires and so on, have left the drivers seat, the car is outside. The space shuttle and space station, and part of the complex, need to be assembl

8、ed and regular maintenance, or emergency repair time. To live in space, astronaut extravehicular activities imperative. Extravehicular spacesuit wear (hereinafter called cabin service). The capsule is used and the sea level the same atmospheric pressure, and both use low-pressure oxygen cabin clothi

9、ng design. The astronaut leaves the cabin before, carefully adjust the physiological condition, to avoid decompression symptoms (hypobaria, or commonly known as decompression sickness, DCS), to the cabin, space walk (space walk) activities.Logically speaking, the order of development of manned space

10、 capabilities, should be the first docking, the cabin thing to do, extravehicular activity. But docking must first send target, high cost, difficult technology. EVA just out of the cabin service and the airlock, low cost and easy. The pick easy to do first, in 1965 the first to develop EVA technolog

11、y, docking was completed by 1969. The United States wanted to according to the logical order, the first docking, after cabin, but the space walk grab the limelight, the United States had to hurry up, to complete the cabin movement in two and a half months later, the only successful docking, ready fo

12、r the July 20, 1969 moon landing.China is also taking the first cabin and docking route. God seven the cabin, the eight gods and God nine after the docking task.trackA satellite orbiting the earth orbit, all kinds of Ling Lang everywhere. The geosynchronous orbit above the equator in the highest, ev

13、ery 24 hours a week around the earth, the people on the ground to look like in the sky does not move. The most suitable communication satellite orbit.China for the seven gods mission launch data relay satellite one day chain in geosynchronous orbit. It was far from the earth that can cover the seven

14、 gods 50% track, plus ground communication station and the original six oceangoing ships of communication (Figure 1) covering 12%, improving seven gods and ground communication time greatly to 62%.The flight in 12 hours and periodic orbits by global positioning satellite group, currently a total of

15、32. It uses long and each of the earth peoples lives.Another class of satellites orbiting the earth polar flight. This orbit can see the earth every point is more suitable for military use. The launch of the satellite South or north direction (90 degree angle), and synchronous orbit (zero angle) to

16、the East is launched, the earth rotates from west to East speed boost benefits into orbit than fuel costs.Between 0 and 90 degrees, a wide variety of satellite orbit. The track may also be round to oval shape. An elliptical orbit can side from near, far away from the side. From the far side of the s

17、atellite, long residence time, suitable for the majority of the original picture of the high latitude countries communications, such as Russia, Canada and the Nordic region.Compared with the satellite orbit, the spacecraft orbit design of manned is quite conservative. In addition to the Appollo miss

18、ion, the all in low earth orbit on the space shuttle and space station, is to take the circular orbit, at the height of 350 km under high angle only to be good enough. Dont go to International Space Station (International Space Station, ISS) the flight of the shuttle is usually only in the south, no

19、rth latitude 28.5 degrees within. International Space Station because of the need to reach the Russian launch site, the orbital inclination increased to 51 degrees. The seven gods from the Gansu satellite launch center in Jiuquan Province, Inner Mongolia Siziwangqi launch, landing, track 341 km circ

20、ular design, flying in the south, 42.4 degrees north latitude.The sun constantly emitting charged particles near the speed of light, by the earths magnetic field leads to the north and south poles into the atmosphere, so the manned spacecraft angle is too high, will be the sun. From cosmic rays emit

21、ted by the universe from all sides (galactic cosmic rays), in the low earth orbit spacecraft, generally have little effect.MeetHeres an interesting question: in the same low earth circular orbit, the two spacecraft one after the flight, ready to meet, and docking, how can the back of the ship caught

22、 up on the ship?The general answer is like on the road, behind the ship towards the front line speed. The spacecraft will take it back up, the original circular orbit into a big elliptical orbits, period, needs a long time for a circle around the earth, it will return to the origin, far behind the f

23、ront of the ship. So the back of the spacecraft to catch up, to slow down, resulting in a small elliptical orbit, to shorten the cycle, get caught. This is a correct answer and instinct, draw further apart seems perverse (Figure 2).The first attempts to execute tasks in space rendezvous of spacecraf

24、t is the United States in 1965 Gemini four (Gemini 4). The target is to meet the Gemini four God in the last section of the rocket shell. After entering orbit, the rocket shell is far behind in the Gemini four behind the flight. Two astronauts newborn calf defying tiger, a rocket engine, instinct is

25、 to go toward the direction of the rocket shell. The results beyond expectation. The fuel burned half, but farther and farther away from the goal. Houston command center had an emergency stop, announced the failure of the mission. Oh! The two astronauts of orbital mechanics fail, but also can not bl

26、ame too deep, who has the ability to distinguish anti instinct thing!The history of docking missionThe United States again after nine months, carefully designed to target the Aegean Na (Agena Target Vehicle), put it into a circular orbit 298 kilometers in the.Gemini eight and then entered the same o

27、rbital plane a 160 to 272 kilometers of small elliptical orbit. Gemini eight after the first landing on the moon by the human Armstrong (Neil Armstrong) driving, after a series of complex track treatment, at a distance of 140 km target to start the computer, automatic navigation system, with a total

28、 of more than four hours, and the end of love Qinna successful docking (Figure 3), integrated.Butt, Gemini eight No. eighth attitude control of small rocket failure, runaway kuangpen, do not listen to the command flameout, twin system began to roll together. Armstrong quickly and make a prompt decis

29、ion, the Na cut from the scene. He started other small rockets, rocket thrust balance fault rolling, rapid fuel consumption, into a crisis situation, had to give up another important task of extravehicular activities, emergency return.Gemini eight was originally scheduled to land in the Atlantic, bu

30、t the fuel has almost eight small rocket exhausted, only (de orbit), immediate deorbit landed in Okinawa Island, 800 km east of the Pacific ocean.Armstrong in the Gemini eight crisis, showed extraordinary wit and calm, as he was selected as the Appollo eleven (Apollo 11) the main consideration facto

31、r of the first moon landing astronauts.The docking task in January 1969 by four and Five implementation of the two spacecraft. Carrying an astronaut United four first off, carrying three astronauts joint five after 24 hours of follow-up, the main task is the two No. five by extravehicular astronauts

32、, space walk means to four manned spacecraft return.The two spacecraft successfully docking success. The two astronauts at No. five in cabin service, quickly complete the cabin, the cabin, to four and space walk . An hour later, the astronauts successfully reproduced.The race to the moon during the Soviet spacecraft, there is no channel between the two ships after docking. The astronaut extravehicular activity depends on the transfer of space walk.Docking of 4 ho