漫谈对接和出舱Talking about docking and leaving cabin.docx

漫谈对接和出舱Talking about docking and leaving cabin.docx

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漫谈对接和出舱Talkingaboutdockingandleavingcabin

漫谈对接和出舱（Talkingaboutdockingandleavingcabin）

Humansintospacesoonfoundoutinrealspace,mustbein"docking"（docking）and"EVA"（extravehicular,activities,EVA）twotechnologyDezhuanit.Mannedspaceflightonlybeyondthetwomark,tostriveforfurtherimprovement,createafertilegroundforsustainabledevelopment.

Withthemostsimpleanalogy,yougoouttobuythings,startthecar,goingtothestoreforat.Findthedestination,parking,intothestoreandbuygoods,carryingbags.Returnonthetire,openthedoor,getoffthesparetirechange,togetonthebusanddrivehome.

Ifyouopenaspaceshipthatyouhaveto"store"and"docking",firsttoenterservice.Everythingwasfinished,thespacecraftmechanicalfailure,youmusthave"extravehicularactivities",aftertroubleshooting,toreturn.

Infact,intheearth'sorbit"docking",andakeyaction,thatisthefirstspacecrafttofindthetarget"store"and"rendezvous"（rendezvous）.Drivetofindshopsontheground,throughthehead,notturningback.Thestoreisabuilding,fixedontheground,unabletomove,toensurethatyoucanfinditfirst"rendezvous",anditwillgointo"docking"successsofar.Youknow,themaximumspeedofthebulletbyabout2to3timesthespeedofsound,butintheearth'sorbit"store",is25timesthespeedofsoundinspacebenz!

Thespaceshipchasetarget"store"thanabullethitshottentimesfaster.Soinspace,"rendezvous"itself,isahighdegreeofdifficulty.Findthetarget,"rendezvous",butalsoaccurately"docking",itisevenmoredifficult.

"Therearealotofpreparationworkbefore.".Forexample,space"shop"isnotborninearthorbit,mustspendbigmoneywitharocketsentup.So,to"docking",first"".To"meet",weneedtomeetthetargetsentup.Ringring,ringringinplace,"docking"canbeaccomplished.

Dailydriving,notonlyinthedriver'sseat.Carwash,changethebattery,tiresandsoon,haveleftthedriver'sseat,thecarisoutside.Thespaceshuttleandspacestation,andpartofthecomplex,needtobeassembledandregularmaintenance,oremergencyrepairtime.Toliveinspace,"astronautextravehicularactivities"imperative.Extravehicularspacesuitwear（hereinaftercalledcabinservice）.Thecapsuleisusedandthesealevelthesameatmosphericpressure,andbothuselow-pressureoxygencabinclothingdesign.Theastronautleavesthecabinbefore,carefullyadjustthephysiologicalcondition,toavoiddecompressionsymptoms（hypobaria,orcommonlyknownasdecompressionsickness,DCS）,tothecabin,"spacewalk"（spacewalk）activities.

Logicallyspeaking,theorderofdevelopmentofmannedspacecapabilities,shouldbethefirst"docking",thecabinthingtodo,"extravehicularactivity".But"docking"mustfirstsendtarget,highcost,difficulttechnology."EVA"justoutofthecabinserviceandtheairlock,lowcostandeasy.Thepickeasytodofirst,in1965thefirsttodevelop"EVA"technology,dockingwascompletedby1969".TheUnitedStateswantedtoaccordingtothelogicalorder,thefirst"docking",after"cabin",butthe"spacewalk"grabthelimelight,theUnitedStateshadtohurryup,tocompletethe"cabin"movementintwoandahalfmonthslater,theonlysuccessful"docking",readyfortheJuly20,1969moonlanding.

Chinaisalsotakingthefirst"cabin"and"docking"route."Godseven"thecabin,"theeightgods"and"Godnine"afterthe"docking"task.

track

Asatelliteorbitingtheearthorbit,allkindsofLingLangeverywhere.Thegeosynchronousorbitabovetheequatorinthehighest,every24hoursaweekaroundtheearth,thepeopleonthegroundtolooklikeintheskydoesnotmove.Themostsuitablecommunicationsatelliteorbit.

Chinaforthe"sevengods"missionlaunchdatarelaysatellite"onedaychain"ingeosynchronousorbit.Itwasfarfromtheearththatcancoverthe"sevengods"50%track,plusgroundcommunicationstationandtheoriginalsixoceangoingshipsofcommunication（Figure1）covering12%,"improvingsevengods"andgroundcommunicationtimegreatlyto62%.

Theflightin12hoursandperiodicorbitsbyglobalpositioningsatellitegroup,currentlyatotalof32.Ituseslongandeachoftheearthpeople'slives.

Anotherclassofsatellitesorbitingtheearthpolarflight.Thisorbitcanseetheeartheverypointismoresuitableformilitaryuse.ThelaunchofthesatelliteSouthornorthdirection（90degreeangle）,andsynchronousorbit（zeroangle）totheEastislaunched,theearthrotatesfromwesttoEastspeedboostbenefitsintoorbitthanfuelcosts.

Between0and90degrees,awidevarietyofsatelliteorbit.Thetrackmayalsoberoundtoovalshape.Anellipticalorbitcansidefromnear,farawayfromtheside.Fromthefarsideofthesatellite,longresidencetime,suitableforthemajorityoftheoriginalpictureofthehighlatitudecountriescommunications,suchasRussia,CanadaandtheNordicregion.

Comparedwiththesatelliteorbit,thespacecraftorbitdesignofmannedisquiteconservative.Inadditiontothe"Appollo"mission,theallinlowearthorbitonthespaceshuttleandspacestation,istotakethecircularorbit,attheheightof350kmunderhighangleonlytobegoodenough.Don'tgoto"InternationalSpaceStation"（InternationalSpaceStation,ISS）theflightoftheshuttleisusuallyonlyinthesouth,northlatitude28.5degreeswithin."InternationalSpaceStation"becauseoftheneedtoreachtheRussianlaunchsite,theorbitalinclinationincreasedto51degrees.The"sevengods"fromtheGansusatellitelaunchcenterinJiuquanProvince,InnerMongoliaSiziwangqilaunch,landing,track341kmcirculardesign,flyinginthesouth,42.4degreesnorthlatitude.

Thesunconstantlyemittingchargedparticlesnearthespeedoflight,bytheearth'smagneticfieldleadstothenorthandsouthpolesintotheatmosphere,sothemannedspacecraftangleistoohigh,willbethesun.Fromcosmicraysemittedbytheuniversefromallsides（galacticcosmicrays）,inthelowearthorbitspacecraft,generallyhavelittleeffect.

Meet

Here'saninterestingquestion:

inthesamelowearthcircularorbit,thetwospacecraftoneaftertheflight,readyto"meet",and"docking",howcanthebackoftheshipcaughtupontheship?

Thegeneralanswerislikeontheroad,behindtheshiptowardsthefrontlinespeed.Thespacecraftwilltakeitbackup,theoriginalcircularorbitintoa"big"ellipticalorbits,period,needsalongtimeforacirclearoundtheearth,itwillreturntotheorigin,farbehindthefrontoftheship.Sothebackofthespacecrafttocatchup,toslowdown,resultingina"small"ellipticalorbit,toshortenthecycle,getcaught.Thisisacorrectanswerandinstinct,drawfurtherapartseemsperverse（Figure2）.

ThefirstattemptstoexecutetasksinspacerendezvousofspacecraftistheUnitedStatesin1965"Geminifour"（Gemini4）.Thetargetistomeetthe"Geminifour"Godinthelastsectionoftherocketshell.Afterenteringorbit,therocketshellisfarbehindinthe"Geminifour"behindtheflight.Twoastronautsnewborncalfdefyingtiger,arocketengine,instinctistogotowardthedirectionoftherocketshell.Theresultsbeyondexpectation.Thefuelburnedhalf,butfartherandfartherawayfromthegoal.Houstoncommandcenterhadanemergencystop,announcedthefailureofthemission.Oh!

Thetwoastronautsoforbitalmechanicsfail,butalsocannotblametoodeep,whohastheabilitytodistinguishantiinstinctthing!

Thehistoryofdockingmission

TheUnitedStatesagainafterninemonths,carefullydesignedtotargetthe"AegeanNa"（AgenaTargetVehicle）,putitintoacircularorbit298kilometersinthe.

"Geminieight"andthenenteredthesameorbitalplanea160to272kilometersofsmallellipticalorbit."Geminieight"afterthefirstlandingonthemoonbythehumanArmstrong（NeilArmstrong）driving,afteraseriesofcomplextracktreatment,atadistanceof140kmtargettostartthecomputer,automaticnavigationsystem,withatotalofmorethanfourhours,andtheendof"loveQinna"successful"docking"（Figure3）,integrated.

"Butt","Geminieight"No.eighthattitudecontrolofsmallrocketfailure,runawaykuangpen,donotlistentothecommandflameout,"twin"systembegantorolltogether.Armstrongquicklyandmakeapromptdecision,"theNa"cutfromthescene.Hestartedothersmallrockets,rocketthrustbalancefaultrolling,rapidfuelconsumption,intoacrisissituation,hadtogiveupanotherimportanttaskofextravehicularactivities,emergencyreturn.

"Geminieight"wasoriginallyscheduledtolandintheAtlantic,butthefuelhasalmosteightsmallrocketexhausted,only（deorbit）,immediatedeorbitlandedinOkinawaIsland,800kmeastofthePacificocean.

Armstronginthe"Geminieight"crisis,showedextraordinarywitandcalm,ashewasselectedasthe"Appolloeleven"（Apollo11）themainconsiderationfactorofthefirstmoonlandingastronauts.

The"docking"taskinJanuary1969by"four"and"Five"implementationofthetwospacecraft.Carryinganastronaut"Unitedfour"firstoff,carryingthreeastronauts"jointfive"after24hoursoffollow-up,themaintaskisthetwo"No.five"byextravehicularastronauts,"spacewalk"meansto"four"mannedspacecraftreturn.

Thetwospacecraftsuccessfully"docking"success.ThetwoastronautsatNo.five"incabinservice,quicklycompletethecabin,thecabin,to"four"and"spacewalk".Anhourlater,theastronautssuccessfullyreproduced.

TheracetothemoonduringtheSovietspacecraft,"thereisnochannelbetweenthetwoshipsafterdocking".Theastronautextravehicularactivitydependsonthetransferof"spacewalk".

"Docking"of4ho