考研英语翻译模拟题及答案.docx

1、考研英语翻译模拟题及答案英语翻译模拟题及答案考研英语中翻译也占有相当一部分的比例，其实，不要忽略翻译 题，这个也是你超越别人的一个点。模拟一：Gandhis pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (1)(Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gan

2、dhis attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha,) (2(the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred.) It entailed such things as civil

3、 disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passiveresistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, itseems, the word means “firmness in the truth”. (3(In his early day

4、s Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918.) Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life ce

5、ntred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (4)(indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins.) Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward

6、 questions. In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting towar?” (5)(I must say that I have never heard, from anyWestern p

7、acifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “youre another” type.) But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischers Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Ga

8、ndhis view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitlers violence.” 总体分析：本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处：首先，他虽然反对暴力，但并不否认战争的立场; 其次，他不躲避回答棘手的问题。本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、it 做形式主语的主语从句，等。试题精

9、解：1.精解 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译。该句是由 but 连接的两个并列分句：前一分句是简单句，后一分句是主从复合句。后一分句的主干是 he claimed that.，其中that 引导宾语从句。从句中形容词短语 capable of.做后置定语， 修饰名词 a technique, a method。该定语可以按照汉语习惯译为前置定语，即，“一种可以产生预期的政治效果的明显的技巧和方法”;也可以采用拆译法，译为一个句子，增译代词“它”做主语。 词汇：claim 意为“宣称，声称，说”;definite 意为“肯定的，确定的;清楚的，明显的”，它和 technique 搭配时取“明显

10、的”含义;desired 意为“渴望的，期望的”，当它和 results/effect 等词搭配时常常译为“预期的”。翻译：其动机是宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧， 一种方法，它可以产生预期的政治效果。2. 精解 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译和词义的选择。该句的主干结构是：the method. was a sort of warfare。主语 the method 后有两个后置定语：一个是省略关系代词的定语从句 Gandhi proposed and practiced;另一个是过去分词短语 first evolved in.。如果把它们都译为汉语的前置定语会很冗长，不符合汉语表达

11、习惯。因此可把第一个定语前置，第二个定语转译为谓语。而真正的谓语前可加上“这”或“它”指代真正的主语。表语 a sort of warfare 后是一个较长的同位语 a way of defeating.。其中介词短语 of.做后置定语修饰名词 a way，翻译时应前置。词汇：practice 意为“练习，训练;经常做;从事”等，在本句中与 propose(提出)对应译为“付诸实践”。evolve 意为“逐渐形成; 进化”，但它在本句中不能将基本含义照搬，而应意译为“起源于(南非)”。warfare 意为“作战，战争;斗争，冲突”等，根据上下文，该词应增译为“斗争的方式(方法)”。翻译：这个由

12、甘地提出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非， 是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段 打败敌人。3.精解 本题考核知识点：定语和状语的翻译该句是 and 连接的并列句，其主干结构是：Gandhi served as a. and he was prepared.。前一分句中“in his early days”和“in the Boer War”都作时间状语，修饰谓语 served，翻译时应放在句首。“on the British side”做后置定语，修饰 stretcher- bearer，应译为前置定语，即，“英方的担架员”。词汇：serve as sth.意为“(为)

13、工作，服务，履行义务，尽职责”;stretcher-bearer 指“抬担架者”;on sb.s side 意为“站在某人一边，和某人观点一致”。翻译：早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架，而 且在 1914-1918 年战争期间他又准备这么做。4.精解 本题考核知识点：后置定语、主语从句的翻译。该句的主干是 he did not take the. line，介词短语 of.做后置定语修饰宾语 the line。由于定语太长，应采取拆译法，另起一句。动名词 pretending 后接有 that 引导的宾语从句。该从句由两个并列的分句组成：both sides are. and it

14、 makes.，后一分句中it 为形式主语，从句 who wins 为真正的主语，汉语中不存在这种语法形式，因此可以直接将从句内容译为主语。词汇：line 一词的含义较多，但在本句中的含义是“态度，看法”;fruitless 意为“没有成果的，无成效的，徒然的”;pretend 意为“假装”，本句中它后面跟有从句，应增译为“假装说”。翻译：而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度，假装 说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样，因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。5.精解 本题考核知识点：插入语、后置定语的翻译该句的主干是 I must say，后面是 that 引导的宾语从句。宾语从句是一个主从复合句。主句是

15、I have never heard an honest answer，其谓语和宾语之间插入了一个状语成分，翻译时可放在句首或谓语之前，译为“从任何一个西方和平主义者那里我从未听说过”或“我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听说过”。though 引导转折状语从句，其中介词短语 of.做后置定语，修饰宾语evasions，可译为前置定语，也可另起一句。词汇：evasion 意为“躲避，逃避;借口，托词”，根据上下文可活译为“躲闪之词”、“逃避的说法”等。翻译：我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到 过对该问题的诚实的答复，但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词，通常都 是“你是另外一回事”之类的回

16、答。模拟二：There is no question that science-fiction writers have become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years.(1) (But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditionsa factor that academic critics rarely take into acco

17、unt.) Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science Fiction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, mostscience-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat moviesales

18、or TV tie-ins.) (2) (Still in his late thirties, Silverberg has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. )By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn

19、 who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (3)( At his parents urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to

20、 worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and “get a nice steady job somewhere”.) During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (4) (By the end ofhis sen

21、ior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a weekwriting science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. )“I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldnt sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics.

22、 An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me he had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. Id fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (5)( I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a reader Joyce

23、, Kafka, Mannso I detached myself from my work.) I was a phenomenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” meaning something that wasnt science fictionand I kept telling them,“ When Im financially secure.”答案：1.但是

24、这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关一这是一个学术评论家很少考 虑的因素。2.还不到四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩 饰。3.在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学，所以即便最糟 他也能进入新闻学校，“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。”4.到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美 元了，而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。5.我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西，就像乔伊斯、 卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。总体分析：本文介绍了科幻小说家罗伯特西尔

25、弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小说的繁荣与市场需求关系紧密，接着通过介绍多产的科幻小说家西 尔弗伯格的创作经历予以说明。本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、比较结构、同位语、 上下文中词义的选择，等。试题精解：1.精解 本题考核知识点：比较结构、同位语的翻译。该句的主干是 this may have less to do with. than with.， 其中含有一个比较结构 less. than.，可译为“与其说不如说”。破折号后是名词短语 a factor that. 做整个主句的同位语，其中 that 引导的定语从句做后置定语。由于是同位语，可单独译为一个句子，补译“这”为它的主语。词汇：lu

26、ring 是 lure 的现在分词形式，可译为“具有诱惑力的”;factor 意为“因素”;take into account 意为“考虑”。2.精解 本题考核知识点：词义的选择。该句是 and 连接的两个并列分句，其主干是 Silverberg haspublished. , and he is frank about.。词汇：in ones thirties 意为“在(某人)三十几岁时”，由于本句中有 late 修饰，如果直译为“三十几岁晚期”不符合汉语表达习惯，应意译为“不到四十岁”。disarmingly 意为“使人消除敌意(或怀疑、怒气等)的”，与 frank 一起应译为“十分坦诚、

27、直言不讳”。genuine 意为“真正的;坦率的，真诚的”。available 意为“可获得的，可找到的”，outlet 意为“(思想、感情、精力发泄的)出路，表现机会”，available outlet 不能直译，而应根据上文对应的 genuine prose(真正的散文)意译为“应时之作”。3.精解 本题考核知识点：顺译法。该句是主从复合句，其主干是 he enrolled. so that. he could go to.，翻译时可采用顺译的方法，保持原来句子的顺序。句首介词短语 At his parents urging 作状语。so that 引导结果状语从句，其中插入语 if wo

28、rst came to worst 做条件状语，应意译为“在最糟糕的情况下”。词汇：urging 为 urge 的动名词形式，译为“敦促”;4.精解 本题考核知识点：顺译法和分词的翻译。该句是 and 连接的并列句，其主干是 he was earning. and his parents were.，可采用顺译的方法翻译。前一分句中，分词结构 writing science fiction 作方式状语，翻译时应置于谓语前面， 译为“(通过)写科幻小说”。词汇：be reconciled to 意为“将就，妥协，接受”。5.精解 本题考核知识点：插入语、后置定语的翻译该句是个主从复合句，其主干是

29、 I knew. so I detached.。主从句之间是插入语，列举了几个作家的名字，根据上下文，这些名字实际上指代的是作家的作品，应补译为“乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品”。I knew 后是省略了关系代词的宾语从句 I could not write.，其中宾语 the kind of things 后又接有一个定语从句 I admired as.，由于定语不长，可直接译为汉语的前置定语。词汇：detach oneself from sth.意为“挣脱，摆脱，离开”，文中应意译为“不关注我写的东西”。模拟三：Economics, as we know it, is the social s

30、cience concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select.(1)Other fields of study also contribute

31、 to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.Standard economics can be divided into two major fields.(2)The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains h

32、ow the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend theirincome in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible.As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operation