高一英语第18讲必修一unit34重点词汇短语句型语法复习学生版.docx

1、高一英语第18讲必修一unit34重点词汇短语句型语法复习学生版第18讲： unit3-4重点词汇、短语、句型、语法复习 一、现在进行时表将来时具体有以下的用法：1. 用现在进行时表将来通常含有“意图、安排”、打算”等意思。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感，通常用于表最近或较近的将来，所用动词通常表示位置移动的动词，常见的有：go, come, leave, sleep, stay, play, do, have, take, get to, see off等如：Annie is coming to supper this evening. 安妮今晚要来吃饭。Im going to Sh

2、anghai tomorrow. 我明天要去上海。The guest is leaving by train tonight. 客人今晚坐火车走。The boys are starting school on Monday. 男孩子们星期一就要开学了。2. 表将来的现在进行时除用于位置移动的动词外，有时也可用于一些非位置移动动词。如：Bob and Bill are meeting tonight. 鲍勃和比尔今晚要会面。What are you doing next weekend? 下个周末你准备干什么?She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。

3、We are having a few guests tonight. 今晚我们有几个客人来。I am reading a paper tomorrow. 我明天要读一篇论文。3. 现在进行时偶尔也可表示较远的将来。如：When I grow up, Im joining the army. 我长大了要参军。4. 现在进行时有时表示即将要发生的动作或情况。如：Im leaving. 我就走。-Hurry up, its already very late. 快点，已经很晚了。-OK, Im coming.好的，我就来。-Where are the boys? 小伙子们呢?-Theyre com

4、ing.他们马上就来。5. 表将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思，此时多用在否定结构中。如：Im not going. 我不走了。Im not waiting any longer. 我不再等了。6. 用这种现在进行时与对方讲话时便成了命令，不过语气比较温和，如：Youre not driving my car again. 不许你再用我的汽车了。Youre finishing that soup if you sit there all afternoon.你要是在那儿坐一下午，可得把汤全喝光。7. 同一般现在时一样，现在进行时也可在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来。如：When yo

5、u are passing my way, please drop in. 你什么时候路过我们家，请进来坐。If they are not doing it, what I am to do? 如果他们不干，那我该怎么办？8. 现在进行时表示将来时也可用在间接引语中，表示说话人相信它将是事实。如：He said he is going tomorrow. 他说他明天走。拓展：现在进行时还可以用于以下的情况：表示现在的动作：表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now, at the moment等连用。表示现在阶段正在进行的动作，而不一定是说话时正在进行的动作，常与today, this

6、week, this term等连用。如：Im sitting on a rock near the river with my friends.我和我的朋友们正坐在河边的一块岩石上。Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my dad on the farm.现在是暑假，我在农场帮我爸爸干活。表示反复性或习惯性的动作，常与副词always, continually(频繁地)等连用，表示说话人的赞扬、厌恶、不满、遗憾等感情色彩。Shes always changing her mind. 她老是改变主意。（厌烦）二、定语从句在句中做

7、定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。1、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see y

8、ou? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。Please pass me the

9、book of which the cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾

10、语）2、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我

11、们帮助他的理由吗？3、判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （ ） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

12、（ ） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （ ） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （ ） Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is

13、 this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，

14、而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）

15、 。4、限制性和非限制性定语从句1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2） 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例

16、如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seem

17、s not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。5、介词+关系词1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。有时，前面的介词可移到定语从句的中间或后面，此时whom

18、可用who, that代替；which可以用that代替。而且who, whom, which, that都可省略。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.This is the house which/that I lived in two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？Do you

19、 remember the day when you joined our club?介词+which+n.的用法，常见的如： in which case/at which time/in which way实际上相当于and in that case/and at that time/and in that wayShe may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能迟到，因此我们应该等她。I will be around the area at 5 pm, at which time Ill pick you up.from

20、where的用法fromwhere实际上属于“介词+副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句，表示“从那里”，如：Hestoodbehindthecurtain,fromwherehecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.他站在窗帘后面，从那里他可以看到外面正在发生的事。1、 结合前几讲内容复习unit3-unit4的重点词汇、短语、句型。2、 掌握现在进行时表将来的用法。3、 掌握定语从句的用法。 1. Janet_ one dress already, and now she _ another. A. made, is been making B. had made,

21、is making C. has made, is making D. would have made, is being made2. I dont really work here, I _ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out3. Because the shop_, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed down B.

22、closed downC. is closing down D. had had closed down4. Id like to tell you the book_ I saw in the exhibition. A. whom B. that C. who D. what 5. I hope that the little _ I have been able to do has been of some use. A. which B. that C. what D. for which 6. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?

23、A. which B. that C .whose D. whom A1. I have two tickets to Beijing. I _ my father.A. am takingB. have taken C. take D. will have taken2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. has changed B. is changingC. will have changed D. will changed3. He _

24、 of how he can do more for the people. A. will always think B. is always thinkingC. has always been thinking D. does think always4. I want to know when he _ for New York. A. has leftB. had left C. is leaving D. would leave5. -That famous fish _ because of pollution.-Yes, we have to do something to s

25、ave it.A. has died B. had died C. is dead D. is dying6. All day today, Jane and her sister _ very hard at home. A. are work B. are worked C. are working D. have working7. When I see Jean in the street, she always _at me. A. smiled B. has smiled C. was smiling D. smilesB1. I have seen trees, _ open a

26、t sunrise and close at sunset. A. which the leaves B. of which leaves C. whose leaves D. its leaves 2. All _ is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 3. The foreign guests, _ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of whom B. most of them C. most of w

27、hich D. most of those 4. On the train I saw a student _ I thought was your sister. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 5. Is the river _ through the town very long? A. flows B. that flows C. which flow D. the one flows 6. Is this college _ they went to last year? A. that B. which C. the one D. the one w

28、hat 7. Is this the university _ you visited last time? A. that one B. which C. the one D. the one what COne evening I was resting in a cafe. I 1 a pair of newly bought white leather shoes, which were rather expensive. Then a boy came to me.He was in a (n) 2 shirt, looking pale and about eleven. No s

29、ooner had I begun to speak than he opened the 3 in his hand and took out the tools of shoe-polishing. He 4 down, took off my leather shoes, and began to shine them. He was busy doing his work 5 heavy rain began to pour down. People rushed to the caf for 6 from the rain. More and more people crowded 7 and gradually separated the boy from me.Hours passed, and it turned 8. I had no shoes on my feet and 9 where the boy had been. I thought he would not 10 my shoes, and I would have to go home on my bare feet.When it was near midnight the 11 ended, and there were fewer and fewer people in the caf