高考英语考前冲刺训练之语法填空.docx

1、高考英语考前冲刺训练之语法填空2015高考英语考前冲刺训练之语法填空语篇语法填空解题技巧解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。（1）词汇层面方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。例1：The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 解析：a 第一次提到的可数名词单数前用不定冠词，表示“一个”。例2：I

2、 sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _ amazing conversation. 解析：an 短语搭配have a conversation“和交谈”。例3：But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.解析：the 特指最后一排，在序数词/最高级前，用定冠词。方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。例4：Jane was walking round the dep

3、artment store. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 解析：it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose。例5：She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _. 解析：him ple

4、ase him (使他高兴)，填代词；根据句意，此处指代her father。例6：He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”解析：it 指前面提到的“水(the water)”。方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。例7：He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.解析：was pretending 由“and giving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。例8：Whe

5、re men control the household, less money _ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.解析：is spentmoney与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。例9：One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he _ (find) that he

6、has run out of salt.解析：found 主格代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境由One day和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。例10：She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume解析：to please “be+形容词+ to do”, 无需考虑其它的非谓语形式。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。例11：Film has a much sho

7、rter history，especially when _ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.解析：compared本句是when it is compared to 的省略。compare与逻辑主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。例12：But everyone added a little, always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”解析：thinkin

8、g 因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。例13：The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet).”解析：sweeter 句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。例14：I le

9、ft it early because I had an appointment _ (late) that day.解析：later 指那天晚些时候。例15：It might have made it a little _ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.解析：harder 句中a little修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。 方法6：当“（+限定词）+名词”或“+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主

10、语或宾语时，通常填介词。例16：When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble.解析：for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”。例17：He did so the next day. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.解析：after/fromA.用介词after表示“在之后”；B. be tired from do

11、ing sth.为“因做某事而累”。例18：When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper.解析：at at table表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。（2）句子层面方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。例19： He was very tired fromdoing this for a whole day, _he felt very hap

12、py since the crop did “grow” higher.解析：but 句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。例20：So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little.”解析：nor 并列连词“neithernor”表示“既不也不”。例21：In the days when an ice cream cost much les

13、s, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _ sat at a table.解析：and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。例22：Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I reali

14、zed that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.解析：who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。例23： One day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.解析：that引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。例24：The new b

15、oy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.解析：what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。例25：Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on

16、display.解析：where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。例26： He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.解析：who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。例27：Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away

17、 and sat near me, looking annoyed.解析：whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。例28：We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.解析：when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。例29：My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited wit

18、h me _ the bus arrived.解析：until/till 表示“一直到”。例30：_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.解析：If 表条件。he thought与he was wrong是两个句子，没有连词。（3）篇章意义层面方法1：了解文章/对话大意，运用上下文语境线索、前后呼应、词语搭配等逻辑关系来解题，填入既符合上下文情景，又符合句义、词义的正确单词。例31：, so he couldnt have done it. _, he couldnt carry a

19、 plate of sandwiches as well as his tennis stuff, so Im sure it wasnt him.（2014样题）解析：Anyway “不管怎么说”，考察对语境的把握，体会上下文讲话人语气。例32：-Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _ them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my mind. Now, why did I put on my coat?（2014样题）解析：must have put

20、考察对话上下文的理解和谓语的呼应，读懂上文“and left them on the table”、“But someone must have taken them”、“Oh, it must have been Dad.”以及下文几处情态动词的表达得出答案。例33：I attended a school prize-giving _ not so long ago and the guest speaker was Andrew Becroft.解析：ceremony 考查搭配关系。形容词和名词、动词和副词、动词和宾语存挑战高考 2014新课标全国卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(

21、不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _62_(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years l

22、ater, this river is one of _63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months. It took years of work _65_(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66

23、_(clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to change immed

24、iately?While there are _68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _70_(patience). 文章大意： 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了当人们遇到看起来不可能做的事情时应该怎样做。短文以治理长期被污染的河流为例，为我们讲述了这样的道理：对于我们大多数人来说，做出改变需要的是

25、努力和耐心。61. was上文提到的事情是1969年的事情，所以这里应该用过去式。62. actually这里应该用副词来修饰动词caught。actually实际上。63. the“one of可数名词的复数”表示“之一”；the most outstanding 是最高级，用来修饰examples；形容词的最高级与定冠词连用。64. or河流在几天或甚至几个月之后没有多大的改善。这里表示选择关系，故用or。65. to reduce减少工业污染和使水变干净需要几年的时间。It takes sb some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间。故这里应该用动词不定式to re

26、duce。66. cleaner现在河里的水比以前更清了。根据后面的比较连词than可知这里应该用比较级，故用cleaner。67. that/which也许你有一个使你的家人发疯的习惯。这里habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略。68. amazing空格处应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词。amazing令人吃惊的；amazed感到吃惊的。69. changes对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。70. patientpatience是名词，因

27、为空格前有系动词be，所以这里应该用形容词patient。 2014新课标全国卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about_61_(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _62_ some of them looked very anxious and _63_(disappoint). When the bus finally came,

28、we all hurried on board. I got a place next _66_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _65_(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _66_(stop) until we reached the next sto

29、p. Still, the boy kept _67_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“_68_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on t

30、he bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _69_(I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _70_(sudden) became friendly to one another.61. being介词about后使用v.ing形式，因此用being。62. and根据语境可知上下文之间是顺接关系

31、，故用and连接。63. disappointed本句的主语是some of them，所以使用形容词作表语。64. tonext to在旁边。65. caught根据文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop”可知本文叙述的是一件过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。66. to stoprefuse to do sth拒绝做某事。不定式作动词refuse的宾语。67. ridingkeep doing sth不停地做某事 。68. Did本句是直接引语，是一个一般疑问句。因为询问的是过去发生的事情，所以使用助动词did。69. me/mine此处可以使用名词性物主代词mine，相当于my suitcase。 70. suddenly此处应该使用副词来修饰句子的谓语动词，在句中作状语。 2014辽宁卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Jonny：Hey！Im just practising Tai Chi(太极)Would you