八年级英语上册Unit 5语法知识点及练习题新版新目标.docx

1、八年级英语上册Unit 5语法知识点及练习题新版新目标八年级英语上册Unit 5语法知识点及练习题（新版新目标）U前复习： dress 装扮，乔装打扮 take sbs place plan sth打算做某事 g希望做某事 have a discussion 对进行讨论 ex希望做某事 learn a lot 从.学到/了解许多二十世纪30年代 see sb. sth.看着某人在做某事s b出版，发行d sth 介意做某事 cant stand sth 不能忍受做某事appen sb 某人出了某事 find 查明 、弄清楚 be famous 因什么而出名 Be famous 作为什么而出名

2、不定式的用法 一、动词不定式 （一） 定义：动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词它的形式是“to十动词原形”，但to有时也可以省略。现在就让我们一起来看一下动词不定式的形式和用法 我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构作宾语或宾补的动词主要有:want, leadecide, forgber, like, love,stop等。如: I waa film我想去看电影 They decided to take; a long vacaParis. 他们决定去巴黎度长假 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。如:ldwake np Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特

3、【练习一】选择 ( )1. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “Id like my parents.” A. to visit B. vvisiting D.visited ( )2. Whats your plaummer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided aA. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying ( )3. Last week our geography teacher told us ation about howvA. get B. gget D. ge

4、tting ( )4. Our headmaster asked us awwild animalA. write B. writing C. to write D. w( )5. How do you feel when you waational flag go up? It makes me very proud. A. felt Bl C. feeling D. feel ( )6. -Please tell the boys -_ababy is sleeping.-OK. Ill do it aA. not make B.to maake （二）用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的

5、情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如： 1、把不定式置于句首。如： To gby bike will take us half an hou2、用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good cald. It takes sb +to do How long did

6、 it take youwork? Itbe形容词for sbto do 逻辑主语 It is difficult for uwritinga quaan houItbe形容词of sbto do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher sa注意：（1）当上面的形容词指的是to do sth的性质时，用介词for。 Its dangerouldwver. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。（游泳这件事情危险） （2）当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, u

7、nkind, kindlever, right, wrong, careful, carelIt was carelu to do that. 你这么做真粗心。（你这个人粗心） It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemedble to sav、带疑问词的不定式短语作主语 How to solvblem is hard【练习二】动词不定式作主语 ( )1. Its our duty _very day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans ( )2. Its hard for us _ English well. A. l

8、earn B. lealearn D. learning ( )3. Its v_ you to get me tw_ the World Cup. A. or；of B. of；for D. of；建造这座桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _ the wver a year _ _ the bridge. （三）用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，通常放在连系动词（主要是be动词）后。如： 1.The best wave your Englan English club. 2.Tg is to gacher. （四）用动词不定式作宾语的动词与结构。可以接带t

9、o的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求、选择、同意(aagree)，期望、决定、学习(exdecide, learn)，宁可、假装、知道(d, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。如： 1)We decided to taludents about wg2)Hat white bread and)Id love to visit Mex2.动词feel, find, ma等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如： I find

10、 it difficulber everything既可接动词不定式又可接v.ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如： 1)Then I started to watch English-language TV. 2)Im beginning to understandand who I abegin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去

11、。 3)I lat vegetabl感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。 4.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forgber等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；gdo接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如： 1)When I lI had forgbring it w2)I stopped using them last year

12、. 及物动词+不定式一般形式： 谓语动词(vt.)+不定式 (作宾语)说 明 want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) + to (do)(无) help(帮助)to可以省略 begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟动名词,意义变化不大get(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱)

13、也可跟动名词,意义变化较大 （五）用作补语 1，带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求、允许、提议(ask, allowadvise)，期望、邀请、鼓励(expect, suvurage)，教导、告诉、想要(teach, tell, want)，等待、希望、愿意(wawish, would like / love)。如： 1) Id invave dinner at my hou2) Teenagers should be allowedwn cl) Email Englupposed to be used on mobil2,感官动词和使役动词，省to不定式，包括四“看”：look at

14、, observwatch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, l，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如： 1)Ture mal tense！ 2)Of course we waLiu Yu achieve his drealp后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。 总结： 谓 语 动 词(vt.)+ 宾语 (人 / 物)+不定式 (作宾语补足语) ask(请) / tell(关照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(让) / invite(邀请)

15、/ like(喜欢) / warn(警告) / help(帮) /+sb. / sth.+to (do) make(使得) / let(让) / hear(听) / see(看) / feel(感觉) / watch(观看)/ have(使得) / help(帮助) +sb. / sth.+ (do) 注意：hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同, 试比较： I heardg when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的情况) I sat near her and heardg the new song.(我坐

16、在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整个过程) 【练习三】 （一）动词不定式作宾语 （ ）1. He wants _ some vegetablA. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bu（ ）2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when youl. A. to bring B. bringingake D. taking （ ）3. He found it very difficult _. A. sleeping B. sllept D. to fall asl（二）动词不定式作宾语补足语 （ ）1. Robasks us _uch ba

17、n bA. help him B. to help him wlp with D. helps him w（ ）2. Mr Laapads _d. A. cook BD. cooked （六）作定语：（注：动词不定式（短语）作定语总是后置。） 此时，如果动词不定式的动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。 动词分“及物”和“不及物”。及物的动词”就是“涉及事物的动词”即“有受对象的动词”或“带宾语的动词”（像买buy,花费spend），“不及物的动词”就是“不带宾语的动词”“没有动作承受对象的动词”（像跑run，跳jump,）。 所以介词不能够省略。 作定语时，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等

18、存在逻辑的动宾关系。 E.g. The next train to arrivWashingDo you have anything to saquestion? Would you please givaper to write on? 1、记住下面的一些结构： 被修饰部分 + 不定式 (作后置定语)汉 语 意 思 a keyto ldoor锁门的钥匙 a boxto holdgs装这些东西的箱子 give her a bad给她一本书读 Iany (+名词/代词)to (do)?有要(做的)吗? Itgo.是走的时间了。 Do you have any workto do?你有工作要做吗?

19、 Id lgto eat.我要点儿吃的。 I havgto say.我没有话要说。 Would you lgto drink?你要点儿喝的吗？ 2、在这种情况下,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则后面必须加介词。如： They couldd a place to live in.(他们找不到住的地方) Please give me a cha(请给我一张椅子坐坐) He has got a writing brush to write with.(他找到了写字的毛笔) （七）带疑问词的不定式短语 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where

20、, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。如： 1.用作句子的成分。 1)I dont know whaxt. (作宾语) 2)Wgdecided yet.(作主语) 2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。 1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?) 2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?) 及物动词+疑问词+不定式： 谓语动词(vt.)+wh-疑问词+不定式 (作宾语)说明 tell (告诉) / show (显示)

21、 / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学会) / forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨)whaw+ how + to (do) who w不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主语、表语等。 一、单项选择（共80分，每小题2分）The teacher told them make so muA. dont Bwill not D2. Our mald us _ things for granted. Aave Ba

22、ke C. didnt take DaTell him _ _ the window. A. to break not Bbreabreak D. not breaThe boy wanted to ride his bicyclbuldABddo it D. dThe boy was told _ _ so much computer gaA. to play not B. playinglay D. not playingThe workers want us _ _ together wA. work B. working C. to work D. workedI saw him _

23、_ ouA. go B. had gas gone D. gIve heard him _ _ about youAB. speaak D. speakingTt any dbetwwo coat. I really dont know _A. wB. wwhat Dw-“ Have you decided when _ _?” -“w morning.” A. to leave B. to be leaving C. will you leave D. are you leaving 12. Last summer, I took part in a club on _ _. A. how

24、to plaB. how plaw to be played D. howbe played- The ligll on. - Oh, I forgot _ _A. turningB. tuuD. having turnedI would love _ _arty last night but I had to wwo houaA. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gGo on _xercise after you havdA. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doingachedll and stopped _

25、 under the bigA. rested Bgave a rest DI need a day or two _ the wABgDHe was too excited _ _. A. speak Baak D. speakingIts snowy outside. You _ _ put on your overcoaA. had bB. had bwould better D. would b20. Im hungry. Givg _ _A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating 21. - I usually gby traWhy not _

26、_ there by boat for a change? Agoing B. trying to ggo D. try going 22. We were all excited _ _ball match betwa and JapaA. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched 23. II forgot _ _ your dictionary. Lets borrowLi MingA. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing 24. I_ _ rather than _ _. A. read； watc

27、h B. to read； waading； to watch D. to read； to wa25. I am goinglibrary _ _ the bA. return B. borrowurn D. to lend 26. It took uan two hours _ _ the dA. cook BgD. cooked 27. We wwn _ _g. A. doing B. didake D. to do 28. Aal exam, I think all the students want _ _. Aave a rest Baving aave a rest Dg to

28、have a29. It is very kind you to help me wusework. It is hard me to do all the wABD0. Many peoplvery difficult _ _ EnglA. to say B. to leaak DllingRemember _ _ the bw. A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to ta2. -Lets have aall we ? -Not now. I dont wa_ _ the lA. write B. to wwriting D. and w-This maths

29、 probldifficult. Can you show me _, Wang Lin? A. what to wut B. what to work ouw to wut D. how to work ouwalk wwall. A. talking B. talk C. talked D. to talbrothers dream is an excellent basketball plaA. been B. being C. to be D. bWould you like out or would you rather stay here ? A. going B. go C. w

30、ent D. to gTan has no houA. to live in B. to live C. live D. livingI wa the latest filA. see B. sawg DHe ran so fadbuA. to catch B. catching C. catched D. caug0. Ily good-buA. to say B.saying C. say D. said III.综合训练 一、选择。Remember _the lA. sending B. sendd D. send 2. Englant to us . We should try _ it hard. A. study B. stududies D. to stud_hard , and Iull succeed somedaA. to study B. studying C. studies D. studu ld. Youd b_ aA. have B. has C. having D. to havTheres so much de