英语从句翻译方法.docx

1、英语从句翻译方法英语从句翻译方法英语多从句，汉语多分句：就句子类型而言，英语句子不仅可以在简单句中使用很长的修饰语使句子变长，同时也可以用从句使句子变复杂，而这些从句往往通过从句引导词与主句或其它从句连接，整个句子尽管表面上看错综复杂却是一个整体。汉语本来就喜欢用短句，加上表达结构相对松散，因此，英译汉时需要将各种英语从句进行处理，可以译成一个汉语单句，也可译成多个汉语分句。并按照汉语的表达习惯对英语复合句的关联部分（从句引导词）加以逻辑梳理，既分而叙之，又上关下联，承接转换，犹如整容。一 名词性从句的译法名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。下面我们便逐一论述这些名词性从句

2、的翻译方法。1. 主语从句1) 由what, whatever, whoever等代词引导的主语从句汉译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。例如：What he said is true.译文：他说的一切都是真的。Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.译文：谁违犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。2) 由it作形式主语引导的主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。例如：It doesnt make much difference whether you come yourself or send a substitute.译文：你是自己来

3、还是派代理人来，都无关紧要。（提前）It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.译文：驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后竟然还活着，这看来是不可想象的。（提前）It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.译文：这奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。（不提前）It is reported that our country has sent another spaceship.译文：据报道，我们国家又发射了一艘宇宙飞船。（不提前

4、）反之，汉语分句可以译成英语主语从句，例如：真奇怪（可惜），竟无人喜欢这本书。译文：Its strange (a pity) that no one should like this book.据说，他爱世间的所有生命，就如同一个父亲爱他自己的孩子那样。译文：It is said that he loves all beings just like a father loves his young children.2. 宾语从句1) 由that, what, how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要提前，可按原文顺序翻译。例如：He would remind people again and

5、again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.译文：他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。I understand that he is well qualified, but I feel that he needs more experience.译文：我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。2) 用it作假宾语的句子，汉译时that引起的宾语从句视情况可以提前，也可以不提前，“it”不译。I take it for granted that we should work

6、 hard.译文：我理所当然地认为，我们应该努力工作。（也可译为：我认为我们应该努力工作，这是理所当然的。）I consider it a great honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.译文：我被指定参加会议，感到十分荣幸。反之，汉语分句可以译成英语宾语从句，例如：史密斯回答说，他感到很遗憾。译文：Smith replied that he was sorry.我向他们讲清楚了，他们必须在上午十点前交卷。译文：I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers befor

7、e 10 oclock in the morning.3. 表语从句表语从句和宾语从句一样，一般可按原文顺序翻译。例如：That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power.译文：就这样，小国战胜了大国。His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.译文：他对新闻界看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。反之，汉语分句可以译成英语表语从句，例如：他再三强调，他们绝不应该后退寸步。译文：What he emphasiz

8、ed over and over again was that they should never retreat even for an inch.然而，现实情况仍旧是，虽然她貌似一个军事强国，她的空防却远不是无懈可击的。译文：The fact, however, remains that, though seemingly a big military power, she is far from invulnerable in her air defense.4. 同位语从句同位语是用来对名词或代词作进一步解释的。同位语可以是单词、短语或从句。以下便是同位语从句的译法。1) 按原文顺序翻

9、译。He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.译文：他表示希望再到中国访问。There were also indications that intelligence, not politics was Helms primary concern.译文：而且也有种种迹象表明，赫尔姆斯主要关心的是情报，而不是政治。2) 同位语从句提前。It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.译文：迟延应由他负责，这个事

10、实是改变不了的。They were very suspicious of the assumption that he would rather kill himself than surrender.译文：对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。3) 增加“即”或“以为”，或用冒号、破折号分开。Influenced by these ethics, Powers lived under the delusion that money does not stink.译文：受了这种道德观念的熏陶，鲍尔斯生活在一种错觉中，以为金钱总是香喷喷的。But it ignores the fact

11、 that, though pilots, we potentially were in as much danger of capture as any covert agent.译文：但却忽略了这一点，即我们虽说是飞行员，却和任何潜伏的特务一样有被 俘的危险。But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.译文：但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。And there was the possibility that a sma

12、ll electrical spark might accidentally bypass the most carefully planned circuit.译文：而且总有这种可能性一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路。反之，汉语分句可以译成英语同位语从句，例如;作为一个孝顺的儿子，我接受了父亲的决定，要当一名医生。译文：As an obedient son, I accepted my fathers decision that I was to be a doctor.不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变为塑料。译文：Not long ago

13、the scientists made an exciting discovery that this “waste” matter could be turned into plastics.二 定语从句的译法英语的定语从句呈右开放状，可以向右无限扩展；而汉语没有定语从句之说，作为修饰成分的定语习惯上放在被修饰词之前（左边），呈左封闭状，不能像英语那样随意扩展。因此我们在翻译复杂的英语定语长句时，最有效的方法就是将其切分为一个个短句再分别处理。1. 限制性定语从句的翻译方法限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号分开。翻译这类句子时往往可以采用以下三种方法。1)

14、前置法。把英语限制性定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将复合句译成汉语单句。I am a girl who likes dancing.译文：我就是一个爱好舞蹈的女孩。Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.译文：污染是我们必须解决的一个紧迫问题。There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.译文：全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。2

15、) 后置法。译成前置定语的方法大都适用于限制性定语从句，但一般用于译比较简单的的英语定语从句；如果从句结构复杂，译成汉语前置定语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往可以译成后置的并列分句。A 译成并列分句，重复英语先行词。They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.译文：为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with him to light his way to school on dark winter mornings.译文：牛顿发明了一盏点蜡烛的纸灯笼，在昏暗朦胧的冬天早晨上学时带着灯笼照路。B 译成并列分句，省略英语先行词。He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.译文