呼吸科常用英文.docx

1、呼吸科常用英文呼吸科常用英文询问病史 case historyYou need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a h

2、istory of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, informant, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infe

3、ctious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spouses health status, menorrhea (menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last

4、menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history (any congenital diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, sibling

5、s and children)常用的症状 symptomsfeverCough 咳嗽Sputum (dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰wheezingDyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难Orthopnea 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）Chest tightn

6、ess 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise 不舒服myalgia 肌痛insomia 失眠hoarseness声嘶dysphonia 发声困难常见的体征 physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指 : increased longitudinal and transverse curvature ,loss of concave nail fold an

7、gle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- likenicotine stainingcyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperiphe

8、ral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retentionasterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速puls

9、us paradoxus: 10 mmHg on inspiration (seen in severe asthma)barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal spacetactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤subcuta

10、neous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonancedullnessflatnesshyperresonancetympanylower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal spacerange of mobilityAuscultation:vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse, medium, fine, crepitus捻发音pleural fri

11、ction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss，cachexia恶病质，cachectic恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia食欲减退常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findings(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)temperature charts 体温图 (take ones body temperature)sputum pot 痰盂Blood

12、/urine/stool routine, occult blood testBlood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytologyPulse oximeter 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral artery puncturePaCO2: partial pressure

13、 of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemiarespiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO260 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)pulmonary edema, pneumonia, i

14、nfarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 removal, PaCO250 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular (sedatives, myasthenia), structural (ankylosing spondylitis

15、), pleural diseases ,obesityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticular, linear, military nodules粟粒样结节)coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoric 空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)opacification浑浊：consolidation (air space infiltrate):confluent shadowing and air bronchogramcollap

16、se: lobar(upper, middle/lingual, lower)segmental atelactasispleural effusionmediastinal mass: thyroid ,thymoma, teratoma, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphoma and aneurysmChest CT scan( computed tomography)Head MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)PET-CT of the whole body(positron-emission

17、 tomography)Abdominal ultrasoundskin prick test 皮肤点刺试验（dust mites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivative(of tuberculin) test, PPD test)Pulmonary function test : Spirometry 呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO0.75 extra

18、parenchymal variable normalFEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor ( diffusion rate)PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop ( inspiration and expiration)bronchoprovocation/challenge test 支气管激发试验：histam

19、ine or methacholine-inhalationbronchodilatation支气管舒试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇fiberoptic bronchoscopy: biopsies, bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings)bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)protected specimen brush (PStransthoracic percutaneous needle aspirationpercutanous needle biopsy

20、 under CT guidance ( for peripheral tumours)video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram (ECG)echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope scan ( ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral CT/MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiography)pul

21、monary angiographyDoppler USS thigh and pelvis (USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitorPSG( polysommography)常见的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感pharynigitis 咽炎acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia (CAP) 社区获得性

22、肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia (NP) 医院肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (acute exacerbating) AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿p

23、ulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤pulmonary embolism （PE） 肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) 肺血栓栓塞症pulmonary i

24、nfarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病right heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary

25、 vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎systemic sclerosis, SSc

26、 系统性硬化scleroderma 硬皮病sjorens syndrome 感知综合征polymyositis 多发性肌炎dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症XWegener granulomatosi

27、s Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变glaucoma 青光眼cataract白障acute

28、lung injury ，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹eczema 湿疹hypertension 高血压diabetes 糖尿病常用的药物 drugs or agentsbe administered, treat sb. withempirical 经验性的, prophylactic预防性, remedial治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂bronchodilatorB2-agonists: short-acting :salbutam

29、ol沙丁胺醇long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic antagonists: ipratropium bromide 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱steroids inhaled: budesonide 布地奈德， beclomethasone倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone po., hydrocortisone iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants:lobelinenikethamidecardiac tonic 强心剂diuretics 利尿剂albumin 白蛋白antitussive agents 镇咳药ammonium chloride 氯化铵ambroxol 氨溴索 （mucosolvan 沐舒坦）常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae鼻导管， Venturi face-mask