1、高考英语分类解析全国及各自主命题省市高考英语分类解析(单项选择题)一、冠词和名词1.- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?-Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here. .(全国卷)A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one答案 B解析:这人的姓名前加不定冠词表示某一个“叫的人”。因为叫同一人的名字的现象非常普遍,所以用不定冠词表示某一个叫什么名字的人。2.It is no arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. (全国卷)A.
2、use B. help C.time D.way答案 A解析:it is no use后接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语表示做某事没有用。it作形式主语,接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语作真正的主语。help意为“帮助”。time意为“时间”。way意为“方法”。3.I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think of _ music in the film we saw yesterday? (全国卷)A. 不填;不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;the答案 D解析:musi
3、c意为“音乐”,前不用冠词。第二个music指电影中的音乐,表示特指,要用定冠词the。4.I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. (北京卷) You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the;不填 B. the;a C. a;不填 D. a;a答案 B解析:keyboard表示特指,特指双方心目中的那个键盘,所以要用定冠词the。computer表示泛指,所以要用不定冠词a。5.Finding information in todays world is easy.
4、The _ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. (天津卷)A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge答案 C解析:challenge意为“挑战,艰巨任务,难题”,由于我们现在正处于信息爆炸的时代,在当今时代中找到信息是一件很容易的事,但区分出这些信息是否有用的确是一个难题。ability意为“能力”。competition意为“竞赛”。knowledge意为“知识”。6.When Jane began to take swimming les
5、sons, her main _ was the fear of water. (上海卷)A. evidence B. crisis C. obstacle D. Danger答案 C解析:他的主要心理障碍是恐水症。A. Evidence证据 B. Crisis危机D. danger危险7.Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was most important one. (辽宁卷)A.the;a B.不填;a C.不填;the D.the;the答案 D解析:of
6、意为“其中的”,后接复数名词时,名词前要用定冠词the,特指在有限的范围内“其中的”某一个某一些。most important是形容词的最高级,前要用定冠词the。8.School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous . (辽宁卷)A.states B.conditions C.situations D.positions答案 C解析:situation意为“形势,局面;情况”,指各种具体情况综合起来的状态,多指危急或重大的事态,强调外部因素对该事态的影响。表示要教给学生如何处理危险情况。state意为“状况,情形,情况,形势”
7、,指人或物在外观、心理、健康、环境等方面的情形,即人或物存在或所处的状态,但不如condition具体。condition意为“状态,状况,情形”,用作单数形式,表示人或物所处的真实具体状态,尤指内在状态,可与state替用,用作复数形式,笼统地表示一般的状态。position意为“位置;方位;地点”。9.If you like I can do some shopping for you. That s a very kind _.(浙江卷)A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion答案 A解析:本题可以用排除法。首先service是不可数名词,应该
8、排除。另外本题问句“如果你愿意,我可以帮你买东西”从意思上分析是一个建议,suggestion作为提议、建议时是不可数名词,可以排除。另外point指观点,不符合题意。所以选A,offer,也是提议的意思。10.Dont worry if you cant come to _ party Ill save _ cake for you. (浙江卷)A. the; some B. a; much C. the; any D. a; little答案 A解析:a,an是不定冠词,用在非特指的一个用在名词或名词短语前,表示单数及不确定的人或物:the是定冠词,用于指特定的、著名的、重要的人或事物。s
9、ome,表示不确定的数量,一些。any,任何。much,许多;little,一点儿,表示很少。前半句讲到的party是双方均知道的晚会,是特指,用the;后半句意思是“我将给你留一些蛋糕”。11.Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right amout of medieine. (福建卷)A.explanstions B.instructions C.descriptions D.introductions答案 B解析:instruction意为“说明,须知”,在正式场合,指不可违背的命令,在一般场合,指知识性的指示或意见
10、,与direction相比,语气较轻,较委婉,常用作复数形式。explanation意为“解释,注释;说明”,指通过实例进行解释说明。description意为“描写”,指通过生动的语言描述某件事或某个情节。introduction意为“引导;传入,介绍”,指对某种新产品进行介绍。12.To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.(湖北卷)A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. Values答
11、案 A解析:strength意为“力,力量,体力”,常指人体或物体内存在的力,如气力、耐力、抵抗力,有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力。根据句意可判断出为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好成绩,教练首先要了解队员的体力和薄弱的地方。benefit意为“利益,好处;利润”。technique意为“技术”。value意为“价值”。13.The _on his face told me that he was angry. (湖北卷)A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. Expression答案 D解析:expression意为“表情”,根据后面“told me”
12、可以推断前面“告诉我们他很生气”的应该是他“脸上的表情”。impression是印象,sight是视觉,appearance是外貌,这三个在逻辑上都不对。14.At the meeting they discussed three different_to the study of mathematics.(湖北卷)A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways答案 A解析:way意为“方式,方法”,可指具体的方法,也可指抽象的方法,多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法,也可指个人特殊的方法、方式等。three different ways of study o
13、f mathematics表示“三种不同的学习数学的方式”。approach原指接近某人或某物,也可指对待或处理的方式或方法。means用于抽象意义,可指为达到某目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等,尤指整套的方法,用于具体意义,常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法,强调条理性及高效率。15.In_ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of_ hear
14、t disease by 76%.(湖南卷)A. a; the B. the;a C. a ;不填 D.不填;a答案 C解析:review是可数名词,表示泛指要用不定冠词a。heart disease表示泛指不用冠词。16.You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of (广东卷)A. date B. shape C. order D. balance答案 B解析:out of shape是“变型”的意思,根据前面“你坐在我的帽子上”可判断出帽子是“变型”了。out of date意为“过时”,out of order意为“
15、混乱”,out of balance意为“失衡”。17.For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living. (山东卷)A. a; a B.the; a C. the ; the D. a; the答案 B解析:a,an是不定冠词,用在一个非特指的名词或名词短语前,表示单数及不确定的人或物:the是定冠词,用于指特定的、著称的、重要的人或事物。本句the stage表示双方均知道的特定事物,a means表示一种方法。18.It is said that dogs will keep you for as long as you want wh
16、en you are feeling lonely.(江西卷)A. safety B. company C. house D. friend答案 B解析:本题的意思“据说在你孤独的时候狗会陪伴在你身边”,keep you company是“如影随形”的意思。19.Everywhere man has cut down_forests in order to grow crops,or to use_wood as fuel or as building material.(重庆卷)A.the;the B.the;/ C./;the D./;/答案 C解析:forests表示泛指,前面不用冠词。
17、wood表示特指用于燃料或建筑材料的木材,所以要用定冠词the。20.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was_it. (陕西卷)A.in favour of B.in memory of C.in honour of D.in search of答案 A解析:in favour of意为“赞成”,表示对建议等赞成。while表示转折,意为“而”,表示我妹妹反对我的建议,而我弟弟赞成我的建议。in honour of意为“向表示敬意”。in memory of意为“纪念”。in search of意为“寻找,寻求”。21.
18、According to_World Health Organization,health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent_spread of AIDS. (陕西卷)A.the;不填 B.the;the C.a;a D.不填;the答案 B解析:the World Health Organization意为“世界卫生组织”,要用定冠词the。根据spread的定语of AIDS可判断出spread特指艾滋病的传播,要用定冠词the。22.Put the _ of your tongue against your upper
19、teeth when you produce the sound. (上海春季卷)A. tip B. top C. peak D. pole答案 A解析:tip“尖”(舌尖),top顶端,peak最高峰,顶峰,pole极。二、代词和数词1.If I can help_, I dont like working late into the night. (全国卷)A. so B. that C. it D. them答案 C解析:if I can help it意为“如果我有办法”,表示有办法做某事,或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I dont like working late into t
20、he night说明如果有办法,不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为“这样”,常用于省略句中,代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。2.She went to the bookstore and bought _.(北京卷)A. dozen books B. dozens books C. dozen of books D. dozens of books答案 D解析:dozen意为“一打,十二个”,与数词连用时要用单数形式。与of连用时要用复数形式。dozens of意为“若干,许许多多”。3. Which driver was to blame? Why,_! It was the chil
21、ds fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.(北京卷)A. both B. each C. either D. neither答案 D解析:neither意为“(两者)都不”。根据所提供的情景It was the childs fault, clear and simple.可判断出两个司机都不应该受到责备,因为是孩子的过错。both表示“(两者)都”,两个司机都应受到责备,与所提供的情景矛盾。either意为“两者之一的;(两者之中)随便哪一个的;两者中任何一方的”,其意思是两个司机中的任何
22、一个都应受到责备。each意为“每一个”,表示多于两个,与下文中的two parked car矛盾。4.I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To_ else, it was hard to make out.(上海卷)A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone答案 D解析:原句意为“对于其他任何人,都很难理解”,表示其他任何人,用anyone else,故选D。5.My most famous relative of all, _ who really le
23、ft his mark on America, was Reb Sussel,my great-grandfather. (江苏卷)A. one B. the one C. he D. Someone答案 B解析:the one作同位语,指代上文中的my most famous relative of all。one作代词表示泛指,泛指某人或某物。he作主语,不作同位语。someone意为“某人”,泛指某人。6.If you can t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don t you take_? I won t read them
24、 this week. (浙江卷)A. all B. any C. either D. both答案 D解析:这道题首先要弄清前后句的逻辑关系。根据后一句“这周我不读(这两本书)”,含义是你可拿走。表示“都”的意思的是both和all,但是由于是两本书,所以用both。7.-Who called me this morning when I was not?-A man calling_Robert.(福建卷)A.him B.himself C.his D.不填答案 B解析:反身代词作calling的宾语,反身代词作动词的宾语表示称自己为Robert。calling的逻辑主语是a man,所以
25、要用himself。him作宾语表示称另外一个人Robert。8.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made_her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. (湖南卷)A.this B.that C.one D.it答案 D解析:it作形式宾语,to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town作真正的宾语。不定式短语作宾语时,需移置宾语补语之后,在原来宾语的位置上用引导词it作形式宾语,构成“make + i
26、t + 形容词或名词+不定式短语”结构,从而使句子保持平衡。9.Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东卷)A. that B. it C. this D. you答案 B解析:it指代用来泛泛地指某事,可用于如I like it, I appreciate it等类似的句子。表示喜欢和赞赏某事。it和that均可指代前面提到的名词或事,it是人称代词,可指代同名同物,指代有不定冠词的或有其他限定词的单数可数名词,也可指代一件具体的事;that是指示代词,常指代有定冠词的单数可数名词和不
27、可数名词,也可指代刚提到的一件具体事。10.You may drop in or just give me a call. will do(安徽卷)AEither BEach CNeither DAll答案 A解析:either用作代词,意为“(两者之中)任一、任何一个”。根据所提供的情景You may drop in or just give me a call.可判断出只有两种可能性,其中的任何一种都是可以的。each和all都表示多于两个可能性,与提供的情景不相符合。neither意为“两者都不”。11.Catherine bought a postcard of the place s
28、he was visiting, addressed to and then posted it at the nearby post office(安徽卷)Ait; her Bit; herself Cherself; her Dherself; herself答案 B解析:address作动词的意思是“在上写姓名住址”,addressed后接it,作直接宾语,代替上文中的postcard。to后接herself,作间接宾语,表示把postcard寄给她自己。12.Of all the books on the desk,_ is of any use for our study. (四川卷
29、)A.nothing B.no one C.neither D.none答案 D解析:在所有桌上的书里没有一本对学习有用。none表示“(两个以上中的)全都不”,多与of构成短语 none of。 none也可单独使用做主语。no one只能之人,不能指物,neither指“两个都不行”。13.My grandma still treats me like a child. She cant imagine_ grown up.(重庆卷)A.my B.mine C.myself D.me答案 D解析:me是人称代词宾格,作imagine的宾语。因为主语是she,所以不能用反身代词作宾语。14.
30、Both sides have accused of breaking the contract _ _.(上海春季卷)A. another B. the other C. neither D. each答案 B解析:Both sides指双方,在指指双方中的另一方时用the other。三、形容词和副词(含用法及辨析)1.Your story is perfect; Ive never heard before. (全国卷)A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one答案 C解析:形容词比较级表示两种事物的比较
31、,a better one表示“比较好的一个”,用于否定句时,表示没有一个比你讲的故事再好了。形式上的比较表示“最高级”。2.-Did you take enough money with you?-No, I needed I thought I would. (全国卷)A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than答案 C解析:much more than I thought I would表示“需要比我认为要用的要多得多”。根据no可判断出说话人没有带足够的钱。not so much as I thought I would表示“需要的钱没有我认为要用的多”,即表示已带足了钱。as much as I thought I would表示“需要的钱与我认为要用的钱一样多”。3.This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses _ water and el
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