中考初三专项复习定语从句 2.docx

1、中考初三专项复习定语从句 2中考初三专项复习定语从句定语从句一引入环节看下面的句子，试着找出定语。（请在定语部分划线）1. I have a very good book.2. I have a book to read.3. I have an interesting book.4. I have a book written by Lu Xun.5. I have a book about Chinese history.6. I have a book which the teacher recommended.观察句子，试着找出定语从句。（请在定语从句部分划线）1. The woman

2、 who wears a pair of glasses is Mary.2. This is the teacher who helps me a lot.3. This is the house where I lived two years ago.4. Tell me the reason why you were absent yesterday.有定语从句的复合句的构成。（请把两个句子合并为一个从句，并写在横线上）1. The woman is Mary.2. The woman wears a pair of glasses. 1. Do you know the man? 2.

3、 The man gave us a speech yesterday.总结：定语从句所在句子的结构 二学习目标1.掌握定语从句的分类 2.掌握关系代词的用法 3.掌握关系副词的用法 4.掌握关系代词与关系副词的区别 三知识讲解定语从句的分类限定性和非限定性 限定性定语从句 ：例句：This is the player who got the first prize.特点：1.限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含混不清。 2.在限定性定语从句和主句之间，不用任何标点。 非限定性定语从句 ：例句：My sister, who lives

4、 in London, is a nurse.特点：1.非限定性定语从句是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步说明的作用。如果删掉它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。 2.通常在非限定性定语从句和其他句子之间,用逗号分开。 3.非限定性定语从句不能用that引导。观察下列各句，试着分出限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 1. The woman who is speaking at the meeting is a famous lawyer.2. Tom, who was one of my old friends, came to see me from London. 3. 3. Thi

5、s is our new library, where we can read some foreign magazines.4. This is the factory where we worked last year. 定语从句的连接词 包括关系代词和关系副词，都是用来引导定语从句的。 关系代词：有who, whom, which, whose, that等， 起着代词和连词的作用。 关系副词：有where, when和why三个， 起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用。 1. 关系代词who/whom的用法 who的先行词必须是人，在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾语的who

6、m。若前带介词，则必须用宾格的whom，即：介词+whom。 例句：1. This is the teacher who helps me a lot.2. She is the girl who/whom I met at the party.3. She is the girl who/whom I went with there.4. She is the girl with whom I went there.2. 关系代词whose的用法 whose是代词的所有格，可代人也可代物， 在定语从句中作定语。例句：（请把下面的句子拆分成两个句子，并写在横线上）1. Do you know

7、the man whose name is Wang Yun? 2. He lives in a house whose windows face south. 3. I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. 3. 关系代词which的用法 which用来指代物，在从句中可以作主语，也可以作 宾语，作宾语时可以省略。which也可以代替整个主句。 例句：1. The river which flows through our village is very helpful to the villagers.2. Im sorry. I forgot to brin

8、g the magazine (which) you want.3. The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for man to live. 4. 关系代词that的用法 that既可以指代人，也可以指代物。在从句中可以作主语和宾语，作宾语时可以省略。 例句：1. All that I want is a nice meal and a good rest.2. Who is the girl that is talking with the teacher?3. Yesterday afternoon he showed me th

9、e picture(that) he had just taken. 5. 关系代词that和which的区别 （1）在限定性定语从句中，which和that在指代物的时候， 一般可以通用。 例句：The money that/which is in the wallet is mine.The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is on the table.（2）在非限定定语从句中，只能用which，不能用that。 例句：Susans dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.Beijing,

10、 which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.(3)在限定性定语从句中，只能用that，而不能用which的情况。 a.先行词是形容词最高级或者先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that。 例：English is the most interesting subject that you will learn during these years.b.先行词是序数词或者先行词的前面有序数词修饰时，只能用that。 例：It is the first American movie of this kind that Iv

11、e ever seen.c. 主句中已有疑问词who或which时，而其后又有一个定语从句修饰，这时关系代词必须要用that。 例：Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?d. 先行词既有人又有物，只能用that。 例：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?总结：先行词和关系代词的关系 6. 关系副词where的用法 where 修饰的先行词是表示地点的单词， 在从句中作地点状语，它代

12、替副词或介词短语。 例句：This is the house + I was born in the house. (in the house=there) = This is the house where I was born.= This is the house in which I was born.= This is the house which I was born in.= This is the house that I was born in.7. 关系副词when的用法 when修饰的先行词是表示时间的单词，在从句中作时间状语。 例句：1. He still remem

13、bers the days when he studied in France.2. We will never forget the day when we joined the Party.8. 关系副词why的用法 why修饰先行词the reason，在从句中作原因状语。 1. Tell me the reason why you were absent yesterday.2. That is not the reason why you should leave.9. 关系代词和关系副词的区别1. 在定语从句中，对于同一个先行词，有时用关系代词，有时用关系副词；判断用关系代词还是关

14、系副词关键要明确关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。 2. 如果关系词在定语从句中作主语和宾语，句中就用关系代词； 3. 如果关系词在定语从句中担任状语，就用关系副词。 小测试（用适当的连接词填空）1. This is the house _I worked 2 years ago.2. This is the house _ I visited.3. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the army.4. Ill never forget the day _ we spent together.定语从句的解题要素 1.找出先行词 a.确定在从句中关系词的人

15、称和数 b.确定定语从句的位置 2.确定关系词在从句中所担任的成分， 以确定关系词是什么 3.确定从句的时态 根据实际情况确定定语从句的时态 （它的时态、语态都不受主句的限制） 定语从句的注意事项 1.介词放在关系代词的前面时， 介词宾语只能用which代替物，用whom代替人。 例句：This is the hero of whom we are proud.I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.2.当介词在句子末尾时， 可用that/which, that/whom/who作介词的宾语，且这个作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。

16、 例句：This is the hero (that/who/whom) we are proud of.I want to find the pen (that/which) I wrote the letter with.3. what 不能用于定语从句中 例句：Tell me anything that you know. (定语从句)Tell me what you know. (宾语从句)I want to give you all (that) I have. (定语从句)I want to give you what I have. (宾语从句)四真题演练1.(2012, 天津)

17、 Please pass me the cartoon book _ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. A.Whom B. whose C. who D. which2.(2012, 广东) There will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week. A.Who B. when C. what D. which3. (2012，四川成都) Its interesting that there are many people _ speak French in Canada.A. which B.

18、 where C. who4. (2011，天津) John is the boy _ legs were badly hurt in the accident. A. whose B. that C. who D. which5. Jamie is a young cook _wants to improve school dinners.A. who B. whose C. whom D. which二、英语书面表达专项训练2 亚洲文明对话大会近期在北京召开，你的印度朋友Danny收看了大会相关报道，对华夏文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，来信向你了解中国文化。假设你是李华，请根据以下内容提示用英语写

19、一封回信给Danny。要点内容历史文化历史悠久，文化各异；传统节日，多彩习俗（举一例）文明行为相互尊重，以礼相待；互学共鉴，共同成长（或自拟）身边文明校园文明（自拟一点）注意：1. 词数90词左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。2. 回复必须包括所以要点，可是当发挥，是短文连贯，通顺。3. 文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。 参考词汇: civilized 文明的Dear Danny,Im glad to receive your letter. Since you are interested in civilization(文明) of China, I would like t

20、o share something with you. I hope you can come to China someday to experience the ancient culture of China. Look forward to hear from you soon.All the best,Li Hua【答案】Dear Danny,Im glad to receive your letter. Since you are interested in civilization(文明) of China, I would like to share something wit

21、h you.Chinese civilization is one of the oldest and longest civilizations in the world. China is a country of 56 nationalities. Different nations have difficult cultures. In my country, we have many traditional festivals, such as, the Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival

22、 . They are also called “three major Chinese holidays” in China. Here are the customs of eating Zongzi and racing dragon-boat on the Dragon Boat Festival.China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪). Chinese people can respect, trust and help each other. We all learn and grow together. Everyone in my school

23、should protect the whole public environment. Climbing the trees, picking the flowers and throwing garbage at random are not allowed there.I hope you can come to China someday to experience the ancient culture of China. Look forward to hearing from you soon.All the best.Li Hua【解析】【分析】本文要求给你的印度朋友Danny

24、写一篇关于华夏文明的回信。【详解】文章需要介绍下中国的文化。表格中列举了三个要点，写作时注意不要漏写。平时注意多多积累句型、短语。细心检查避免疏漏。以图表展示的作文要以“读”为主，首先要认真读懂图表中的要求，对所给信息加以分析、推断、筛选、概括，去粗取精；在写作时目的要明确，要注意内容的准确性和严肃性。【点睛】写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系，上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。如but, so, then等。可以适当使用高分句子。本篇文章写的好的句子有：Chinese civilization is one of the oldest and longest civilizations in th

25、e world中华文明是世界上最古老、最悠久的文明之一。China is a nation of etiquette(礼仪)，中国是一个礼仪之邦。3 假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友Bill给你发了一封电子邮件, 想了解你的梦想职业。请认真阅读下面的邮件, 根据信中的内容和你的实际情况给他写封回信。To: lihua china. comFrom: bill006 america. comSubject: Your dream jobDear Li Hua,Our teacher told us China is developing fast. You are lucky enough to l

26、ive in China.Would you please tell me about your dream job in the future?What is your dream job? Why do you like the job? Do you think your personality is suitable for the job? Why or why not? What do you need to do for your dream job?Drop a few lines if you have time.Best wishes,Bill要求:1. 参考提示语, 可适

27、当发挥；2. 语句通顺, 意思连贯, 书写工整；3. 文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；4.词数: 不少于70词（开头已给出, 但不计入总词数）。Dear Bill,Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. _Yours,Li Hua【答案】例文Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. Teaching is my dream job because I would like to sh

28、are my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems. I am outgoing and helpful. I get on well with children. Besides, the schools environment appeals to me and staying with students helps to keep me young and alive. To realize my dream, I have to make full use of spare time to acquire the

29、 essential knowledge and enter a good university. What efforts are you making for your dream?Tell me about your ideal job!Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本题通过描写梦想中的职业，让学生对未来有憧憬，给一部分提示词，让学生有话可说。【详解】首先回答职业是教师。然后解释为什么喜欢该工作，因为可以把自己的知识分享给孩子们，并且喜欢学校的环境。为了实现自己的梦想，正在为此作出努力。最后向Bill提出问题，结束全文。【点睛】本文首先开篇功能句Thank you for yo

30、ur letter.然后开始主要内容，运用多种连接词，比如because，Besides，To realize my dream, 等使文章连贯性强，长短句结合，读起来朗朗上口，不失为一篇佳作。4假如你即将在学校英语兴趣小组的活动中发言，请你用英语写一篇发言稿。要点提示如下:（1）几个月前，奶奶晚饭后去跳广场舞（do square dancing）。（2）从那时起，奶奶喜欢上了广场舞。（3）现在，奶奶比以前健康了，有了很多朋友。（4）有些邻居有意见，认为音乐很吵，无法入睡。（5）你认为人们可以跳广场舞，但要求：（1）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。（2）要点齐全，行文连贯，可适当发挥。 Boys and girls,Im v