经济学词典C.docx

1、经济学词典C Economic terms and concepts | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z Entries in the GLOSS*arama starting with the letter C: C C corporation capacity utilization rate capital capital account capital account deficit capital account

2、surplus capital consumption adjustment capital consumption allowance capital gains tax capital good capital investment capital market capitalism capture theory of regulation cardinal cardinal utility cartel cash cause and effect caveat emptor caveat venditor CBO CD central bank central planning cert

3、ificate of deposit ceteris paribus chaebol Chairman of the Board of Governors change in aggregate demand change in aggregate expenditures change in aggregate supply change in business inventories change in demand change in inventories change in quantity demanded change in quantity supplied change in

4、 real production change in supply checkable deposit checkable deposits CIO circular flow civilian labor force classical aggregate supply curve classical economics classical range Clayton Act closed economy closed shop Coase theorem coefficient of elasticity coincident economic indicator coin collect

5、ive bargaining collusion collusion and efficiency command and control command economy commercial paper commodity exchange commodity money common market common-property good common stock Commonwealth versus Hunt communism company town comparable worth comparative advantage comparative statics compens

6、ating wages compensation of employees competition competition along a line competition among the few competition among the many competitive market complement complement-in-consumption complement-in-production complex expenditure multiplier Comptroller of the Currency compound interest concave concen

7、tration ratio conciliation confidence index conglomerate merger Congress of Industrial Organizations Congressional Budget Office conservative constant-cost industry constant GDP constant gross domestic product constant returns to scale constrained utility maximization consumer consumer behavior cons

8、umer confidence consumer demand theory consumer equilibrium Consumer Price Index Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers Consumer Product Safety Commission consumer sovereignty consumers consumers surplus consumption consumption d

9、eterminant consumption expenditure consumption expenditures consumption function consumption good consumption-income relation consumption line consumption schedule consumption tax contraction contractionary fiscal policy contractionary gap contractionary monetary policy contractionary policy contrib

10、utive standard convex core inflation rate corporate bond corporate income tax corporate profits corporate profits distribution corporate profits tax corporate stock corporation correlated correlation cost cost minimization cost of living cost-push inflation Council of Economic Advisors coupon rate C

11、PI CPI-U CPI-W craft union creative destruction credit credit card credit crunch credit union creditor nation cross elasticity of demand cross-price elasticity of demand crowding out currency current account current account deficit current account surplus current GDP current gross domestic product C

12、urrent Population Survey current production current surplus of government enterprises current yield curve customs union cyclical unemploymentThe GLOSS*arama has 169 entries for the letter C. C: The standard abbreviation for consumption expenditures by the household sector, especially when used in th

13、e study of macroeconomics. This abbreviation is most often seen in the consumption function, specified as C = a + bY, where Y stands for national income. It is also used for the aggregate expenditure equation, AE = C + I + G + (X - M), where I, G, and (X - M) represent expenditures by the other thre

14、e macroeconomic sectors, business, government, and foreign. See also | consumption | consumption expenditure | household sector | national income | personal consumption expenditures | aggregate expenditures | investment expenditures | government purchases | net exports | I | G | X | M |C CORPORATION

15、: The term used for a standard corporation to distinguish it from the new S corporation. As such, it is established as a separate legal entity, sells ownership shares, and owners have limited liability. The difference is that a C corporation is subject to double taxation but an S corporation is not.

16、 See also | corporation | S corporation | business | firm | proprietorship | partnership | legal types | double taxation | limited partnership | limited liability company |CAPACITY UTILIZATION RATE: The ratio of actual production by business sector factories and other productive establishments in th

17、e economy to the potential production of these establishments. This rate indicates if our economys factories are being used as effectively and as fully as possible. Like the unemployment rate, the capacity utilization rate measures how close our economy is to full employment. And like unemployment,

18、this rate moves up and down over the course of a business cycle. During expansions, the rate is near 85 percent (considered full employment), and during contractions, it tends to be in the 70 percent range. In addition to an overall rate, there are also separate rates for manufacturing, mining, and

19、utility industries. See also | production | business sector | economy | employment | unemployment | unemployment rate | full employment | expansion | contraction | factory |CAPITAL: One of the four basic categories of resources, or factors of production. It includes the manufactured (or previously p

20、roduced) resources used to manufacture or produce other things. Common examples of capital are the factories, buildings, trucks, tools, machinery, and equipment used by businesses in their productive pursuits. Capitals primary role in the economy is to improve the productivity of labor as it transfo

21、rms the natural resources of land into wants-and-needs-satisfying goods. See also | resources | factors of production | labor | land | entrepreneurship | business | production | natural resources | satisfaction | scarcity | limited resources | factory | investment |CAPITAL ACCOUNT: One of two parts

22、of a nations balance of payments. The capital is a record of all purchases of physical and financial assets between a nation and the rest of the world in a given period, usually one year. On one side of the balance of payments ledger account are all of the foreign assets purchase by our domestic eco

23、nomy. On the other side of the ledger are all of our domestic assets purchased by foreign countries. The capital account is said to have a surplus if a nations investments abroad are greater than foreign investments at home. In other words, if the good old U. S. of A. is buying up more assets in Mex

24、ico, Brazil, and Hungry, than Japanese, Germany, and Canada investors are buying up of good old U. S. assets, then we have a surplus. A deficit is the reverse. See also | balance of payments | asset | foreign | domestic | capital account surplus | capital account deficit | current account |CAPITAL A

25、CCOUNT DEFICIT: An imbalance in a nations balance of payments capital account in which payments made by the country for purchasing foreign assets exceed payments received by the country for selling domestic assets. In other words, investment by the domestic economy in foreign assets is less than for

26、eign investment in domestic assets. This is generally not a desireable situation for a domestic economy. However, in the wacky world of international economics, a capital account deficit is often balanced by a current account surplus, which is generally considered a desireable situation. If, however

27、, the current account does not balance out the capital account, then a capital account deficit contributes to a balance of payments deficit. See also | capital account | balance of payments | balance of payments deficit | capital account surplus | current account | current account surplus | domestic

28、 | foreign | international economics | international finance | foreign exchange |CAPITAL ACCOUNT SURPLUS: An imbalance in a nations balance of payments capital account in which payments received by the country for selling domestic assets exceed payments made by the country for purchasing foreign ass

29、ets. In other words, investment by the domestic economy in foreign assets is greater than foreign investment in domestic assets. This is generally a desireable situation for a domestic economy. However, in the wacky world of international economics, a capital account surplus is often balanced by a c

30、urrent account deficit, which is not generally considered a desireable situation. If, however, the current account does not balance out the capital account, then a capital account surplus contributes to a balance of payments surplus. See also | capital account | balance of payments | balance of payments surplus | capital account deficit | current account | current account deficit | domestic | foreign | international economics | international finance | foreign exchange |CAPITAL CONSUMPTION ADJUSTMENT: The