考研英语真题和答案解析.docx

1、考研英语真题和答案解析2013年研究生入学考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first

2、glance this might seem like a strength that1the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with.4, he theorised that a

3、judge 5of apperaring too soft 6crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。To 8this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the9of an applicant should not depend on t

4、he few others 10randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11。He studied the results of 9,323MBAinterviews 12by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14numerous factors into consideration. The scores

5、 were 15used in conjunction with an applicants score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her。Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees wa

6、s 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17that, then the score for the next applicant would 18by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20。1. A grants Bsubmits Ctr

7、ansmits Ddelivers 2. A minor Bobjective Ccrucial D external3. A issue Bvision Cpicture Dexternal 4. A For example B On average CIn principle DAbove all 5. A fond B fearful Ccapable D thoughtless6. A in B on C to D for7. A if B until C though D unless8. A promote B emphasize C share Dsuccess9. A deci

8、sion B quality C status D success10. A chosen B studied C found D identified11. A exceptional B defensible C replaceable D otherwise12. A inspired B expressed C conducted D secured13. A assigned B rated C matched D arranged14. A put B got C gave D took15. A instead B then C ever D rather16. A select

9、ed B passed C marked D introduced17. A before B after C above D below18. A jump B float C drop D fluctuate19. A achieve B undo C maintain D disregard20. A promising B possible C necessary D helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions be

10、low each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her, Priestly explains how the de

11、ep blue color of the assistants sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment。This top-down conception of the fashion business couldnt be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would describe

12、d inOverdressed,Eliazabeth Clines three-yearindictmentof “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory

13、, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they dont advertise that and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, thes

14、e brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace。The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, orde

15、r in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals。Overdressed is the fashion worlds answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wast

16、eful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year about 64 items per person and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste。Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has mad

17、e all of her own clothes and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example cant be knocked off。Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment including H&M, with its green Consciou

18、s Collection line Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to。21. Priestly cri

19、ticizes her assistant for herA poor bargaining skill。B insensitivity to fashion。C obsession with high fashion。D lack of imagination。22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers toA combat unnecessary waste。B shut out the feverish fashion world。C resist the influence of advertisements。D s

20、hop for their garments more frequently。23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning toA accusation。B enthusiasm。C indifference。D tolerance。24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?A Vanity has more often been found in idealists。B The fast-fashion industr

21、y ignores sustainability。C People are more interested in unaffordable garments。D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing。25. What is the subject of the text?A Satire on an extravagant lifestyle。B Challenge to a high-fashion myth。C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry。D Exposure of a ma

22、ss-market secret。Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behaviour

23、al” ads at those most likely to buy。In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americ

24、as Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a do not track (DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT ;Googles Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FT

25、C and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests。On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default。It is not yet clear how advertisers will respon

26、d. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway。Also unclear is why

27、Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windo

28、ws 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsofts chief privacy officer, bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control. Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads

29、help advertisers to:A ease competition among themselvesB lower their operational costsC avoid complaints from consumersD provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:A online advertisersB e-commerce conductorsC digital information analysisD internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a defaultA many cut th