代词讲解.docx

1、代词讲解代词1 人称代词 人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them (他们,她们,它们)主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) Where h

2、ave they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) /Thats it.(就那么回事) / Its he!(是他！)宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) /Help me!(救救我！) We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)人称代词it的特殊用法：一般it指“它”，但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it并不译为“它”。当三个人称代词(单数)同时出现时，其先后顺序为you，he，I。而复数一般采用we，you，they顺序。 2物主代词物主代词的用法

3、：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复 数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)your(你们的)their (他们的,她们的,它们的)名词性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我们的)yours(你们的)theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。（1）、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：Is t

4、hat your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)（2）、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)（3

5、）、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)试比较 My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)3反身代词 第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)y

6、ourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)1)反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词：性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后

7、加上self或selves2)反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如：I enjoyed myself at the party另一种是作名词或代词的同位语；用来加强语气。如：I can do it myself3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有：enjoy oneself，help oneself to，learn by oneself，teach oneself，(all)by oneself，leave.by oneself，lose oneself in等，在运用反身代词时，应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较：“Help yourselves

8、to some fish，Tom and Mike”与I cant leave the girl by herself4指示代词 单数复数含义this(这个)these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个)those(那些)指较远的人和物such (这样的人/物)指上文提过的人和物same (同样的人/物)指和上文提过的相同的人和物it (这人/这物)指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词的特殊用法：(1)为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this，these不可以。(2)this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。 5不定代词单数含义someanynonone

9、/each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数含义muchlittle,a littleall/复数含义manyfew,a fewonesbothothers,the others主要不定代词的用法：(1)one的用法A. one作为代词可以指人，也可以指物。B. one，ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词，以避免重复。C. one的前面可用this，that，the，which等词来修饰。D. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。it和one的用法区别：it用来指特定的东西，而one则用于替代不特定的

10、东西。(2)some和any的用法区别A. some，any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。B. some，any与thing，body，one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。C.在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。D. some在否定句中表示半否定，any表示全否定。Esome用于单数可数名词前，表示“某个”而不是“一些”。接单数名词，前面不能加定冠词。有时(3)other，another的用法数泛指another=an otherother (bo

11、ys)others特指the other作主语、宾语、定语the other (boys) 作定语the others作主语、宾语A. anotheranother另一个”，泛指众多者中的另一个，在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”，如： I want to have another two cakes我想再吃两个蛋糕。Bthe other表示两个中的另一个，常与one连用。常见形式是“onethe other”。 C. other+复数名词others D. the other+复数名词the others(4) a11、both的用法bot

12、h表示“两者都”，而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都”。a11、both在句中放在be动词，情态动词及助动词之后，放在实义动词之前。(5) each和every的用法A. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。B. 从含义和语法功能上看，each是“单个”的意思，侧重个体，在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意，侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语，也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。(6)either，neither，both的用法either：指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用

13、单数。neither：指两者都不，全否定。作主语谓语用单数。 both：指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。 (7)many和muchmany只能和复数可数名词连用。much只能和不可数名词连用。注意：a lot oflots of / plenty ofmuchmanya largegreat number ofmanya greatgood deal ofmuch(8)few，a few，little，a littlefew，little表示否定含义，“很少”“几乎没有”；a few，a little表示肯定含义，有一些”。few，a few用在可数名词前，little，a little用在不可数

14、名词前。（9）a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。

15、 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。如：A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping

16、.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)6.疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。（1）、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如：Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？)（2）、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以

17、作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如： Who is that man?(那男的是谁？) / What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句) 注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲)Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲？)（3）、which除了可以询

18、问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨) Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？)/ -Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？)The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆)（4）、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：Who is (are)

19、in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里？) / What is that? (那是什么？)/ What are those? (那些是什么？) / What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色？)练习题一。 单项填空1. Tom， Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a little

20、 B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich？-Yes， I usually eat a lot when Im hungry.A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _.A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer， a bottle

21、 of orange or a bottle of milk？-_， thanks. Id like a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh！ I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.-Never mind. You can have _.A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning？-_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow.A. Eith

22、er B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term？-Work harder than last term.A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for？-Her cousin， Susan.A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here？-No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave

23、.A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _ friends except me， and sometimes he feels lonely.A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket， youll have to pay _ $ 30.A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -Do you live by yourself， Mr Wang？-Yes. I have

24、 two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America？A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe？-No. _ of them can use a computer.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught _ English last term？ Was _ Mr. Smith？

25、A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand？A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _.A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to the zoo？-Im afraid theres _ bus

26、to the zoo.A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary？ You may have _.A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is _ classroom. Where is _？A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs二。 用所给代词的适当形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. _ （ I ） is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ （

27、 we ） country every year， which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos？-Yes， it is _（she） 。 Beautiful， isnt it？4. Help _ （you） to some fruit， Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf？-Nobody. He learnt all by _ （he）。6. Their English teacher is from America， but _ （we） i

28、s from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ （ I ）。8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _（you）？-Mine？ Oh， two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ （he）？10. Did you enjoy _ （you）， Mary and Kate？三。 用适当的代词填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker， _ is a teacher.

29、2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got _ time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired， but _ of us would like to have a rest.5. _ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys， dont touch the machines， or you may hurt _.7. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops ope