小升初英语知识点.docx

1、小升初英语知识点六年级英语期末复习资料一.名词可数名词:表示可以具体个别存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词a(n)连用。可数名词复数规则:1.一般情况下，直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾，加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knif

2、e-knives5.以“辅音字母+o”结尾，加-es,如:tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes6.以“元音字母+o”结尾，加-s,如zoo-zoos,radio-radios7.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanes

3、e不可数名词:表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质;少数固体类的物质(grass草，ice冰)，抽象的名词(help帮助，music音乐)。不可数名词没有复数(如some water),不能与不定冠词连用。二.一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能: 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观事实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。常与sometimes,often,alw

4、ays,usually,every day,on Sundays 等表示频率的时间状语连用。I often go to school by bus.一般现在时的构成: 1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。注意:(我用am,你用are,三单is,复数are。) 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。注意:(当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。)一般现在时的变化:1. be动词的变化。2

5、. 肯定句:主语+be+其它。 如:He is a worker.他是工人。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。(be动词移到句首)如:I am a student. -Are you a student? -Yes,I am./No,Im not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the tree? Where is your bike?2.行为动词的变化肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。否定句:主语+dont(does

6、nt)+动词原形(+其它)。如:I like bread. I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如:He often plays football. He doesnt often play football.一般疑问句:Do(does)+主语+动词原形+其它。(句首加助动词do,does)如: I often play football.-Do you often play football? -Yes,I do./No,I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如:She goes to school by bi

7、ke. -Does she go to school by bike? -Yes,she does./No,she doesnt. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bike? How does she go to school?当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要变为第三人称单数形式。动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,like-likes2.以s,x,sh,o结尾，加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watc

8、hes,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es,如study-studies三.现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(常与now,look,listen等词连用)He is jumping now.Look!They are planting trees in the park.Listen!Mike is singing in the classroom.2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.如:Tom is reading books in his study.3.现在进行时的否定在b

9、e后加not。如:Tom is reading books in his study. Tom is not reading books in his study.4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 如:Tom is reading books in his study.Is Tom reading books in his study?5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+一般疑问句? (注意:当划线部分包含谓语动词时，用疑问词代替划线部分放到句首，原划线处应加上doing)如:(1)Tom is reading books in his study.(变为一般疑问句)

10、Is Tom reading books in his study? (2)Tom is reading books in his study.(就划线部分进行提问) What is Tom doing in his study? (3) Tom is reading books in his study.(就划线部分进行提问) Where is Tom reading books?动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加ing, 如:cook-cooking2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting3.如果末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一

11、个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping四.一般将来时1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow(后天)，tonight, this morning(今天早上)，this afternoon, this evening 等2.基本结构:(1)be going to +do; 如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow.(2)will +do 如:I w

12、ill go swimming tomorrow.3.否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow.变为I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. I will go swimming tomorrow.变为I will not go swimming tomorrow.4.一般疑问句:be动词或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。如:I am going to go swimming tomorrow

13、.变为Are you going to go swimming tomorrow? I will go swimming tomorrow.变为Will you go swimming tomorrow?5.对划线部分提问。(疑问词+一般疑问句?)一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。(1)问人。Who 例如:I am going to school. Tom will go to school. Are you going to school? Will Tom go to school? Whos going to school? Who will go to school?(2)问

14、干什么。 Whatdo例如:1、My father is going to watch TV with me this afternoon.(变为一般疑问句) Is your father going to watch TV with you this afternoon? 2、My father is going to watch TV with me this afternoon.(就划线部分提问) What is your father going to do with you this afternoon? 3、My father will watch TV with me this

15、afternoon.(变为一般疑问句) Will your father watch TV with you this afternoon? 4、My father will watch TV with me this afternoon.(击退出现部分提问) What will your father do with you this afternoon.(3)问什么时候。When 例如:She is going to swim at nine. She will swim at nine. Is she going to swim at nine? Will she swim at nin

16、e? When is she going to swim? When will she swim?6.同义句:be going to=will(be going to 常指客观情况，will常指主观情况)I am going to go swimming tomorrow.(明天)五.一般过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如:yesterday, last week/month/year, two years ago, just now,一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:(1)am和is在一般过去时

17、中变为was,(was not=wasnt)(2)are 在一般过去时中变为were,(were not=werent)(3)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 (1)否定句:didnt+动词原形，如Jim went home yesterday. Jim didnt go home yesterday. (2)一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如:Jim went home yesterday.(变为一般疑问句)

18、Did Jim go home yesterday? (3)特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句? 如:Jim went home yesterday.(就划线部分提问) What did Jim do yesterday?动词过去式变化规则:1.一般在句子末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,如:stop-stopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如study-studied5.不规则动词过去式(六年级下册英

19、语书69页)六.形容词的比较级A.形容词的比较级1.形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用much, a little来修饰表示程度。than 后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。基本形式:主语+谓语(系动词)+形容词比较级+than+对比成分You are older than me.Tom drives much faster than John.形容词的比较级+and+形容词的比较级 表示“越来越”Summer is coming. It is getting hotter and hotter.2.形容词加er的规则:

20、(1)一般在词尾加er:如 tall-taller(2)以不发音的字母e结尾，加r:如nice-nicer(3)以辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾(除ow结尾)，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er:如big-bigger(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y变i,再加er。如heavy-heavier(5)两个音节或两个以上的音节的，在原级前加more 如:beautiful-more beautiful3.不规则形容词比较级good-better七.There be 句型与have ,has的区别1.There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或某人)2.在there be句型中，

21、主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最靠近be动词的那个名词决定。There is a book on the desk.There are two pens on the desk.There is a book and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk3.there be 句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4.there be 句型与have(has)的区别:there be表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示

22、某人拥有某物。5.some 和any在there be句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6.and 和or在there be 句型中的运用:and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑问句。7.针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many +名词复数+are there+介词短语？How much +不可数名词+is there+介词短语？8.针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构:Whats +介词短语？八.人称代词和物主代词1.人称代词和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than之后)，宾格宾语一般位于动词或介词之后。2.物主代词形容词性与名词

23、性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性我Ime我的mymine你，你们youyou你的，你们的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我们weus我们 的ourours他(她，它)们theythem他(她，它)们的theirtheirs九.名词所有格1.名词所有格表示所属关系，相当于物主代词，在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:(1)表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。 如: Childrens Day(儿童节)my sisters book(我

24、姐姐的书)(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如Teachers Day(教师节)(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词，也在词尾加s. 如:todays newspaper(今天的报纸)，ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息)，Chinas population(中国的人口).(4)无论表示我生命还是无生命的东西的名词，一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系，如:a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).2.注释:(1)s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺，如:my aunts(我阿姨家)，the doctors(诊所)(2

25、)两人共有某物时，可以采用A and B s的形式，如:Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)(3)“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，称为双重所有格，如:a friend of my father(我父亲的一位朋友)，a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)十.完全、缩略形式:Im=I am hes=he is shes=she is theyre=they areyoure=you are theres=there is theyre=there are cant=can not dont=do not doesnt=does not isnt=is

26、 not arent=are not Lets=Let us wont=will not Ill=I willwasnt=was not werent=were not总结:通常情况下，m即am, s即is(但lets=let us), re即are，nt即not(但cant=can not)十一.冠词1.英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种，常放在名词的前面，用来限定名词的意义，起泛指或特指的作用。2.不定冠词a/an的用法:(1)不定冠词a/an用在单数名词的前面，a用在辅音开头的词前面，例如: a book a cat an 用在元音开头的词的前面。例如:an egg an elephant

27、 an hour(h不发音)(2)几个用不定词的习语:a bit(一点)，a little(一点)，a few(几个)，a lot(许多)，a kind of(一种)，a pair of(一副、一双)，a number of(大量的)，a piece of(一张、一片)，half an hour(半小时)，have a good time(玩得开心)，have a cold(感冒)，make a noise(发出嘈杂声)，have/take a rest(休息一会)等等。3.定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。在序数词和形容词最高级前面。the firs

28、t the tallest常用在乐器名称的前面。play the violin play the piano几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time(与此同时)，make the bed(铺床)，in the end(最后)，all the time(一直)，by the way(顺便说一下)，on the way(在路上)等等。4.一些不用冠词的常见情况:(1)周名，月名或季节名词前一般不用，on Monday(在星期一) in spring(在春天)(2)三餐饭前不用。如: have breakfast have lunch have dinner(3)节、假日前一般不用。如:

29、on Childrens Day(4)球类名词前不用。play football play basketball(5)一些习惯用语中不用。如:(1)at/to/from/out of/after/for school;(2)in/to/after/class;(3)on/to/out of/into bed;(4)after/at/from/out of/to work;(5)at/to sea (6)in/from/down/to down;(7)at/from home;(8)at/for/to breakfast/lunch/supper;(9)at night/noon/midnigh

30、t;(10)on foot;(11)go to school/bed;(12)on top of;(13)in front of;(14)on show/display/duty/watch;(15)in/out of hospital;(16)at all;(17)on/in time;(18)at first/last/once;(19)in Chinese/English, etc;(20)take care of十二.祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。Let型祈使句 Lets go. Let me try.肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),例如Stand

31、up, please.否定的祈使句一定是dont加动词原形开头(有时有please),例如 Dont run.把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加dont 即可。十三.情态动词我们现在学过的情态动词有;can, could, will, would ,may ,must, should, shall。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响) 例如 I can play football.十四.句型专项归类1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如:Im a student. She is a doctor.He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom.He will eat lunch at 12:00. I wanted TV yeste