中考英语三大从句语法复习.docx

1、中考英语三大从句语法复习2020年中考英语三大从句语法复习一、专题讲解考点一 并列句和状语从句1、并列句1.表示顺城、并列、递进关系的连词及并列句 and;both.and.;as well as;not only.but also.2.表示转折或对比关系的连词及并列句 but；while;yet e.g Lucy likes red while Lily likes white.3.表示选择关系的连词及并列句 either.or.;or e.g.Study hard,or youll fail the exam. 4.表示因果关系的连词及并列句 so“所以” for “因为” e.g Kat

2、e was ill so she didnt go to school. I have to stay up late,for I have lots of homework to do.5.and和or用于否定句中的区别 （1）当列举成分是主语，又在否定词之前时，用and连接；当列举成分在否定词之后时，用or连接够成完全否定。 e.g Lucy and Lily cant speak Chinese. I cant sing or dance.（2）在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and连接，而不用or. e.g. Their is no water and no air o

3、n the moon. （3）在否定句中，without之后若有列举成分，则用and连接，构成完全否定；在肯定句中，without之后的列举成分要用or连接才能构成完全否定。 e.g Man cant live without air and water.=Man will die without air or water.二、状语从句1.时间状语从句（1）when的用法 when当.时,引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。 e.g I feel very happy when you come to see me. when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，

4、也可以用终止性动词。 e.g I worked for a foreign company when I was in Chengdu.（2）while的用法 while引导的时间状语从句意为“与.同时，在.期间”。while引导的从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 e.g They rushed in while we were discussing problems.（3）as的用法 as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当，一边.一边.；随着” e.g. Helen heard the story as she washed clothes. We get wiser as we get

5、older.（4）before/after的用法 e.g I will always work hard before I enter Peking University.（5）until/till的用法 till/until都表示“直到”，常可换用，但till不用于句首。 not.until.“直到.才.” e.g He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work.（6）since的用法since引导的时间状语从句，表示“自.以来”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。e.g I have worked in this compa

6、ny since I graduated from Peking University.（7）as soon as的用法 as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，意为“一.就.”，该从句常用一般现在时表将来。 e.g As soon as he arrives,Ill tell him.2.条件状语从句（1）if的用法 含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。 e.g Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain. （2）unless的用法 unless意为“除非，如果不”，相当于“if.

7、not.” e.g Unless it rains,the game will be played.除非下雨，否则比赛将正常举行。（3）as long as的用法 As long as we show our love,the world will be full of happiness.3.原因状语从句 Because：表因果关系的语气较强，用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是听话人不知道或最感兴趣的，because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。 e.g Im leaving because I am fed up with the boss. Since：引出的原因往往是人

8、名已知的事实，因此经常译成“既然.”，通常放于句首。Since引导的从句时次要的，重点是强调主句。 e.g Since everyone is here,lets begin. As:as与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要用because加以强调。As所引导的从句与主句具有同等的重要性。 e.g She didnt hear us come in as she was asleep. Now (that)： 主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主从句因果关系不明显，意为“既然” e.g Now (that) you have come,you ma

9、y as well stay.4.目的状语从句（1）引导目的状语从句的词或词组有so that,in order that等，谓语中常含有may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词。 e.g You must get up early so that you can go to work on time.（2）当从句主语和主句主语一致时，可用so as to,in order to。 e.g He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. =He worked day and night in orde

10、r to succeed.5.结果状语从句（1）由so.that,such.that引导 so +adj./adv.+that so+adj.+a/an+单数名词+that such+a/an+adj.+单数名词+thatsuch+adj.+复数名词/不可数名词+that当名词前面有many,much,little,few等修饰时，用so而不用such. e.g She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much. = She is so lovely s girl that we love her very much. We have s

11、o much time that we can finish the work very well.（2）so.that./too.to./not.enough He is so young that he cant go to school. = He is _. =He is _.6.让步状语从句（1）though/although的用法Although/though意义一样，都作“虽然，尽管”，都表示让步，一般情况下可以互换，只是although语气较重，大多置于句首。可以和yet连用，但不与but连用。e.g They are generous though they are poor

12、. Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China.（2）even though与even if的用法 都表示“尽管，即使”，表示语气更强的让步。 e.g Even though hes 24 now,hes still like a little child. Well make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.（3）wh-ever类引导词的用法 在英语中，wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，还可以引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter

13、+wh-ever”.引导名词性从句只能用wh-ever.7.地点状语从句（1）引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where/wherever，指具体地点时，从句可位于主句之前或之后，表示抽象含义时，从句需放在主句之前。 e.g He lives where the climate is cool. Where there is a will,there is a way.（2）注意区分where引导的状语从句和定语从句。 Youd better make a mark where you have questions. Youd better make a mark at the place whe

14、re you have questions.注意：（1）because/so;though/although与but不能连用 （2）when,while,as引导的从句都可以使用延续性动词。When和as都可以与非延续性动词连用，而while不能。 when可表示瞬间，也可以表示时间段，与主句所陈述的动作、事情可同时发生，也可有先后。 while常用于连接两个同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生的动作。 as不指先后，尤指两动作或事件同时发生。 e.g The film had been on when we arrived. My mother was cooking while I was

15、 doing my homework. As I left the house,I forget the key.考点二 宾语从句引导词引导词的作用例句that本身无意义，只能起连接作用，可省略He said (that) Kate was good at swimming.what,which,who,whose,whom等连接代词在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、定语等I dont know _ they are going to do.He asked me _ the book was.when,where,why,how等连接副词在句中作状语He wants to know _we will go.Do you know _ they found the place?if/whether“是否”，不作成分，但有意义He asked