初中中考英语时态讲解+练习考点清晰一目了然.docx

1、初中中考英语时态讲解+练习考点清晰一目了然 时 态一、时态概述1、时态的定义： 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的 动词形式。2、时态的种类：英语中时态从时间上划分，可以分为：现在时、过去时、将来时和过去将来时，每一类从行为上又可分为四种形式：一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。这样，英语中的动词共有十六种时态。下面以work为例列出各个时态的形式： 行为时间一般进行完成完成进行现在work/works一般现在时am/is/are working现在进行时has/have worked现在完成时has/have been working现在完成进行时过去worked一般

2、过去时was/were working过去进行时had worked过去完成时had been working过去完成进行时将来shall/will work一般将来时shall/will be working将来进行时shall/will have worked将来完成时shall/will have been working将来完成进行时过去should/would work一般过去将来时should/would be working过去将来进行时should/would have worked过去将来完成时should/would have been working过去将来完成进行时注：

3、1. 八个常用时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去式、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时和过去将来时 2. 四个次常用时态：现在完成进行时、将来进行时、将来完成时和过去将来进行时 3. 四个很少用的时态：过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时、过去将来完成时 和过去将来完成进行时二、时态考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一：一般现在时考点1：一般现在时的基本结构。1、be动词型：句子的谓语动词只有be (am，is或are)。肯定句：主语+be (am, is, are)+其它否定句：主语+ be + not +其它一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

4、典型例题 1John is from Canada.（改为否定句）答案：John is not form Canada. 典型例题 2I am Chinese.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯/否定回答)答案：Are you Chinese? Yes, I am. /No I am not.典型例题 3My bike is in my room. (对划线部分提问)答案：Where is your bike?2、实义动词型：句中的谓语动词为实义动词。肯定句：主语+行为动词+其它否定句：主语+ dont ( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)一般疑问句：Do ( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它

5、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句典型例题 1I like eating vegetables.（改为否定句）答案：I dont like eating vegetables.典型例题 2He often plays football at weekends.（改为一般疑问句，并作肯/否定回答）答案：Does he often play football at weekends. Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.典型例题 3My father goes to work by bus.（对划线部分提问）答案：How does your father go to wor

6、k?考点2：一般现在时的用法。1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语（always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day等）连用。3. 表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实。4. 表示格言或警句。典型例题 1Tom and Mike _ very excited because they will take a trip. A. is B. are C. am D. be答案：B典型例题 2I_ home for school at 7 every morning.A. leaves B. is

7、leaving C. leave D. am leaving答案：C典型例题 3The earth_ around the sun.A. moves B. is moving C. moved D. move答案：A典型例题 4 Pride_before a fall.A. go B. goes C. is going D. going答案：B考点3：一般现在时动词动词第三人称单数形式变化规律。1. 一般情况，加 -s，清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/。 2. 以o结尾的词，加-s或-es，读/z/。3. 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词，加 -es，读/iz/。4. 以辅音字母+

8、y结尾的词，变y 为i再加es，读/z/。典型例题 1He_ (get) up at six oclock.答案：gets典型例题 2Mike sometimes_ (go) to the park with his sister.答案：goes典型例题 3The child often _ (watch) TV in the evening.答案：watches典型例题 4 Danny_ (study) English, Chinese, Math, Science and Art at school.答案：studies考点二：一般过去时考点1：动词过去时的构成规律。(一)规则动词的过去式

9、。1一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。looklooked playplayed startstarted visitvisited2以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。livelived useused3以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加ed。studystudied trytried 4以重读闭音节（即辅音字母元音字母辅音字母），末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加ed。stopstoppedplanplanned (二)不规则动词的过去式。1改变动词中的元音。beginbegan drinkdrank comecame eatate gro

10、wgrew 2变词尾的d 为t。buildbuilt lendlent sendsent spendspent bendbent3与动词原形一样。cut cut putput costcost hurthurt shutshut4变-ay 为-aid。say said pay paid lay laid 5采用不同词根。sell sold teach taught buy bought6其他。am/is was are were have/has had do did考点2：加ed的读音规则。1. ed加在清辅音后面，读/t/。finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t

11、/2. ed加在浊辅音或元音后，读/d/。played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/3. ed加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/。wanted /-id/ needed /-id/ visited /-id/考点3：一般过去式的基本用法。1. 表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。常和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, three days ago等。典型例题 1Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.答案：put典型例题 2They all _ (go) t

12、o the mountains yesterday morning. 答案：went2. 表示刚刚发生的事情而没说明时间。典型例题 1_the telephone_(ring)?答案：Did ring典型例题 2Who_(leave) the door open ?答案：left3. 可以表示过去的习惯性动作，句中常带有every day, often, usually, always, sometimes等状语。典型例题 1When I_ (study) in the university, I_ (read) English every morning.答案：studied read典型例

13、题 2In the past few years I usually_ (go) touring during my summer vacations.答案：went考点三：现在进行时考点1：现在进行时基本结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词+其它成分。否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词+其它成分疑问形式：am/is/are+主语+动词的现在分词+其他成分肯定回答：Yes, 主语+am/is/are否定回答：No, 主语+am/is/are+not典型例题 1I _ with my parents in the living room now.A. am talki

14、ng B is talking C are talking D talk答案： A典型例题 2Jane is playing games with James.（改为一般疑问句）答案：Is Jane playing games with James?典型例题 3Nine little Chinese are dancing in the classroom now.（改为否定句）答案：Nine little Chinese are not dancing in the classroom now.考点2：现在进行时常和now, look, listen, at this time, these

15、 days等连用。典型例题 1Look, John and Mary_ together.A. dancing B. are dancing C. dance D. danced答案：B 典型例题 2Listen, who _in the next room?A. sings B. sing C. is singing D. sang答案：C典型例题 3Tony_ hard these days.A. A. study B. studying C. is studying D. studied答案：C考点3：现在分词的变化规则。(1)一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加- ing。playplayin

16、g looklooking bringbringing(2)以辅音字母加e结尾的动词，需要去掉e，再加ing。taketaking havehaving hatehating(3)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。putputting stopstopping beginbeginning (4)以ie结尾的重读开音节的词，改ie为y，再加-ing。lielying diedying考点4:用现在进行时表示将来。常用这种结构的动词有go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等位移性动词，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。典

17、型例句We are leaving for Shanghai. 我们就要动身去上海了。The bus is coming soon. 公共汽车就快来了。考点5: 进行时态同always，forever等频率副词连用，表示各种感情色彩，如：赞扬、抱怨、讨厌等。典型例句The man is always helping others. 这个男的总是帮助别人。He is always borrowing money from me but he never pays it back. 他总是跟我借钱，但是从来不还。考点四：一般将来时考点1：一般将来时基本结构1:主语+shall/will+动词原形+

18、其他成分，shall用于第一人称，will可用于所有人称。典型例句Tom will be a middle school student next year.I will clean the classroom this afternoon. 考点2：一般将来时基本结构2：主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形+其他成分，表示事先经过考虑，安排，计划要做的事情，或者根据目前某种迹象判断某事非常有可能发生。典型例题 1他们打算这周末打扫房间。（翻译句子）答案：They are going to clean the classroom this weekend.典型例题 2看乌云密

19、布，要下雨了。（翻译句子）答案：Look at the black clouds, it is going to rain.考点3：will与be going to 的区别：be going to 指的是计划打算，并有迹象的推测，而will表示客观的将来。典型例题 1The sun_ rise at 6:00 tomorrow morning.A will B shall C be going to 答案：A典型例题 2The boy_(将会开心) when he gets a good mark.答案：will be happy典型例题 3Their sister_(打算去买双鞋) tomo

20、rrow evening.答案：is going to buy a pair of shoes.考点五：过去进行时考点1：过去进行时的定义与结构。定义：过去完成时表示过去某个时间点正在发生的动作或存在的状态。结构：was/were doing典型例句：I was having a meeting at eight yesterday. 我昨天八点正在开会。The students were reading books loudly when the the teacher came in. 当老师进来的时候学生们正在读书。考点2：常与过去进行时连用的时间状语。过去完成时的时间状语常为表示过去某

21、一点时间的短语或者句子：at nine yesterday, at that time, when I arrived典型例题 1Toms mother when Tom went into the kitchen.A. cooked dinner B. cooking dinner C. was cooking dinner D. cook dinner答案：CAt three yesterday afternoon, the farmers on the farm.A. worked B. were working C. was working D. work答案：B-Please don

22、t smoke in the nonsmoking area.-Sorry, I the sign No Smoking.A. dont notice B. wont notice C. wasnt noticing D. noticed答案：C考点3：过去进行时的用法。表示过去某时正在发生的动作。I was reading a newspaper at nine oclock yesterday evening. 昨天晚上九点我正在看报纸。表示过去某段时间持续的动作。They were building a dam last spring. 他们去年春天一直在建造大坝。表示与过去某个动作同时

23、发生的动作，常见于从句中。I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. 当我妈妈正在烧饭的时候，我正在写作业。同always，forever等频率副词连用表示各种感情色彩。She was always complaining about her husband. 她总是抱怨她的丈夫。考点六：现在完成时考点1：现在完成时的结构。现在完成时是由“助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。典型例句：He has already

24、finished his homework. 他已经做完作业了。He hasnt finished his homework yet. 他还没有做完作业。-Has he finished his homework yet? 他已经做完作业了吗？-Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt. 是的，做完了。/不，还没有。考点2：现在完成时的的定义和用法。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。-Would you like some bread? 你想要一些面包吗？-No, thanks. I have had my breakfast. 不，谢谢，我已经吃过早饭了。（对现在的影响

25、：不饿）-Why dont you drive to your office? 你为什么不开车去办公室啊？-Because my car has broken. 因为我的车坏了。（对现在的影响：车没办法开了）表示从过去开始一直持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态。He has studied English for 6 years. 他已经学习英语六年了。Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou. 自从从杭州回来，玛丽一直在忙。考点3：常与现在完成时连用的时间状语。用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中

26、，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。We have already finished our homework. 我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。用ever “曾经”和never“从未”。它们多用于否定或疑问句中。Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, so far, until no

27、w, in the past few years等。I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times in the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。用for+一段时间，since+时间点。Ive lived here for 15 years. 我已经在这里住十五年了。Ive lived here since 15 years ago. 自从十五年前我就住在这里了。Mr. Green has worked here sin

28、ce he came to China. 自从来到中国，格林先生一直在这里工作。注意：“for+一段时间”和“since+时间点”都是表示一段时间的状语,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。所以谓语动词必须是延续性动词。像come, arrive, buy等短暂性动词在肯定句中不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用，否则要改为延续性动词。常见的短暂性动词转换为延续性动词：arrivebe here begin(start)be on diebe dead come backbe back leavebe away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,aslee

29、p)get upbe up go outbe outfinishbe over put onwear 或be onopenbe open joinbe in或 be a member ofclosebe closedgo to schoolbe a studentborrowkeep buyhave catch a cold)have a cold 典型例句：He has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们（开