全国通用高考英语复习第1讲 名词和冠词.docx

1、全国通用高考英语复习第1讲 名词和冠词第1讲名词和冠词(一) 名词析考点规律探密真题体验透视命题规律课提示：对应学生用书第8页语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转换等。解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词。【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1(2018全国卷)Imascientist(science) whostudiesanimalssuchas

2、apesandmonkeys.2(2017全国卷)Shehasturneddownseveralinvitations (invitation) tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.3(2016四川卷)Anysmellmightattractnaturalenemies_ (enemy) thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.4(2016全国卷)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdays (day) withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlef

3、ed, theotheriswithmumsheneversuspects.5(2018桂林市联考)Tothem，lifeisa_competition (compete)theyhavetodobetterthantheirpeerstobehappy.6(2018济南期末检测)Julieisoneofthewomen(woman) whoalwayskeepupwiththelatestfashions.7(2018漳州市八校联考) Chances (chance) arethatyouwillreceivethreedifferentanswers.8(2018昆明第一中学适应性训练)E

4、ngelbart, theinventorofthecomputermouse, developedthemouseinthe1960sasausefultooltoassistthecomputer, obtainingapatentforitlongbeforethemouses(mouse) widespreaduse.规律总结1提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形式；如果作定语表示“的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。2当确定所填词是可数名词时，需要考虑其单复数问题。除了根据上下文语境之外，还可以通过以下信息判断：(1)名词前不定冠词a/an后用名词

5、单数形式。(2)有these, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。(3)名词前有oneof时用名词复数形式。(4)如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。【考点练悟】(单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1(2018全国卷)WhenIwaslittle，Fridaysnightwasourfamilygamenight.答案：WhenIwaslittle，nightwasourfamilygamenight.2(2018全国卷)Theclassroomisapla

6、ceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks, andmistakeaswell.答案：Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludeslearningfromtextbooks, andaswell.3(2017全国卷)Theyhavealsoboughtsomegardeningtools.Besides, theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.答案：Theyhavealsoboughtsomegardeningtools.Besi

7、des, theyoftengetsomeusefulfromtheInternet.4(2016全国卷)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.答案：Theteenagefrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.5(2016四川卷)Momhasafulltimejob, butshehastodomostofthehouseworks.答案：Momhasafulltimejob, butshehastodomostofthe.6(2016全国卷)Myuncletellsmethatthe

8、keytohissuccessishonest.答案：Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessis.规律总结刷题组题型突破即时演练巩固复习成果授课提示：对应学生用书第9页.单句语法填空1(2018合肥一中期末)WhenSammylookedup, thetrainwasjustacoupleoffeet (foot) away.2(2018银川一中模拟)Everycountrysharesthingsincommon: wevaluefamily, cherishhealth, andcelebratelargefestivals (festival).3(20

9、18广东揭阳市第二次模拟)Thereisagrowingtendency (tend) forpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices.4Totalkbeforethewholeclass, hewasterriblyshy.However, hehadnootherchoice/choices_(choose)，though.5(2018新疆一检)ItwillcertainlybeofgreathelptoTom, ifthereisagoodenvironment, enoughbooksandequipment (equip), aswellasinstr

10、uctionfromhisteachersandfriends.6(2018陕西师大附中模拟)Peoplelivingindifferentcountrieshavemadedifferentkindsofwords (word).7(2018山东青岛一中模拟) TheywerethekindthatIdidnothaveinmycollection (collect) soIplacedthemcarefullyinmybag.8Hewasunconfidentofhimself, forhethoughtofhimselfasafailure_(fail) andunworthyofsuc

11、cess.9Theyarealwaysgatheringintheirwinterfoodinthemiddleofsummerandtheyaremakingpreparations (prepare) forthelongcoldwinter.10Yesterdaythefiremen (fireman) examinedthegroundbutwerenotabletofindanycluestothecauseofthefire.单句改错(请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1(2018陕西师大附中模拟)ItsoneofthemostbeautifulviewthatIveeverseen

12、inChina.答案：ItsoneofthemostbeautifulthatIveeverseeninChina.2(2018广州模拟)Mysonthinksthatlifeislikeabattlefieldandwehavetolosemanytimetowinthefinalvictory.答案：Mysonthinksthatlifeislikeabattlefieldandwehavetolosemanytowinthefinalvictory.3Policesaidthemanwasdangertothepublic.答案：Policesaidthemanwas或tothepubl

13、ic.4Myfavoritesportisbadminton, whichbringsmemuchhappy.答案：Myfavoritesportisbadminton，whichbringsmemuch.5Ithinkyoucanmakeitifyoucanfollowtheadvicesbelow.答案：Ithinkyoucanmakeitifyoucanfollowthebelow.6Ialwayshaveenoughfoodtoeat, abigroomtolivein, andbeautifulclothtowear.答案：Ialwayshaveenoughfoodtoeat, ab

14、igroomtolivein，andbeautifultowear.7Weneedtotakeactiontodevelopasoundsystemthatadvocatesgoodbehaviorandkeepallnecessaryrequirementsinminds.答案：Weneedtotakeactiontodevelopasoundsystemthatadvocatesgoodbehaviorandkeepallnecessaryrequirementsin.8BillyandIaregoodfriends.IhavesomepicturesofBillys.Lookatthis

15、one.Howsweetheissmiling!答案：BillyandIaregoodfriends.Ihavesomepicturesof.Lookatthisone.Howsweetheissmiling!.语法填空Homecomingisthetraditionofwelcomingbackformerstudentsandcelebratingaschools1._ (exist) intheUnitedStates.People, towns, highschools, andcollegescometogether, usuallyinlateSeptemberorearlyOct

16、ober, towelcomebackalumni (校友) andformerresidents.It2._ (build) aroundacentralevent, suchasabanquetand, mostoften, agameoffootball, or, 3._occasion, basketball, icehockeyorsoccer.Whencelebratedbyschools, theactivitiesvarywidely.However, theyusuallyconsistofafootballgame, activitiesforstudentsandalum

17、ni, aparade4._ (feature) theschoolsmarchingbandandsportsteams, andthecoronation (加冕) of5._ (it) HomecomingQueen, orHomecomingKing.Adancecommonlyfollowsthegameorthedayafterthegame.6._ (attach) toafootballgame, Homecomingtraditionallyoccursontheteamsreturnfromthelongestroadtripoftheseason.Thegame, 7._

18、itisfootballoranothersport, willtypicallyincludethehometeamplayinga8._ (considerable) weakeropponent.Thegameissupposedtobe9._easywinandthusweakerschoolswillsometimesplay10._ (low) divisionschools.语篇解读本文为说明文，主要介绍了有关美国返校节的内容。1解析：考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作celebrating的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式。existence表示“存在”。答案：existence2解

19、析：考查动词的时态和语态。返校节以一个中心事件为基础。此处介绍的是通常的客观情况，故用一般现在时；主语It指代上文的Homecoming，它和build之间为动宾关系，此处要用被动语态。答案：isbuilt3解析：考查介词。onoccasion“偶尔，有时”，与上文中的mostoften相对应。答案：on4解析：考查非谓语动词。feature在此作动词，意为“以为特色”，与aparade存在逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词作后置定语。答案：featuring5解析：考查代词。本题看似简单，但是要弄清楚空处指代的对象比较难，因为空前出现了theschool, marchingband, spor

20、tsteams, thecoronation。但是根据句意“然而，活动通常包括足球比赛以学校的乐队、运动队伍为特色的游行和返校节皇后或国王的加冕”可知，返校节皇后或国王应该是学校的，空处指代“学校的”，故填its。答案：its6解析：考查非谓语动词。attach与其逻辑主语Homecoming之间为动宾关系，故应用其过去分词形式作状语。答案：Attached7解析：考查状语从句。不管是足球还是另外的运动，比赛通常包括。根据后面的or可知，此处用whether“不管(还是)”引导让步状语从句。答案：whether8解析：考查副词。此处表示“弱得相当多的对手”，修饰形容词应用副词。答案：consi

21、derably9解析：考查冠词。win作名词表示“(在比赛、竞赛中的)胜利”时通常为可数名词，且空后是读音以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。答案：an10解析：考查形容词比较级。根据句意以及上文中的“weaker schools”可知，此处应使用比较级。答案：lower.短文改错Inordertosavetheplanetorraisepublicawarenessofenvironmentalissues，a“Used Book Donation Campaign”willcarriedoutinourschoolnextmonth.Anyusedbookwenolongerneeditcan

22、bedonated.AllthecollectedbookwillbedonatedtosomechildrenwholivedinpoormountainousareasofWestChina.Imsurethiscampaignwillhaveagreateffectoneveryoneinvolving.Ontheonehand, wecanplayaimportantpartinrecyclingresourcesfortheprotectionoftheenvironment.Ontheotherhand，somechildrenwillbenefitfromthoseusedboo

23、ksgreat.Thatswhyitsdifficultforthemtohaveaccessfrombooks.答案：Inordertosavetheplanetraisepublicawarenessofenvironmentalissues，a“Used Book Donation Campaign”willcarriedoutinourschoolnextmonth.Anyusedbookwenolongerneedcanbedonated.AllthecollectedwillbedonatedtosomechildrenwhoinpoormountainousareasofWest

24、China.Imsurethiscampaignwillhaveagreateffectoneveryone.Ontheonehand，wecanplayimportantpartinrecyclingresourcesfortheprotectionoftheenvironment.Ontheotherhand，somechildrenwillbenefitfromthoseusedbooks.Thatsitsdifficultforthemtohaveaccessbooks.(二) 冠词析考点规律探密真题体验透视命题规律授课提示：对应学生用书第10页冠词是语法填空题的常考点，经常考查不定冠

25、词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时，首先需要明确设空处是表示特指还是泛指，如果是前者用the，后者则需要再判断用a还是an。短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前必须有冠词，同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。【考点练悟】(单句语法填空)1(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly, Imfacetofacewiththegorilla, whobeginsscreamingatthetopofherlungs.2(2017全国卷)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，layingthetrackan

26、dthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.3(2017全国卷)Instead，sheisearning6,500adayasa_modelinNewYork.4(2016全国卷)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottlefed, theotheriswithmumsheneversuspects.5(2016全国卷)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforawhile, exercising, ordoin

27、gsomethingyouenjoy.6(2015广东卷)Heownedafarm, whichlookedalmostabandoned.7(2015全国卷)Theadobedwellings (土坯房) builtbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.8(2018济宁市模拟)Later, Hongbaodevelopedintomoregeneralbestwishesandablessingontheyoung.规律总结(一)不定冠词的基本

28、用法1表示泛指某个人或事物。2用在第一次提到的单数可数名词前，表示泛指。3表示“某一个”，相当于acertain。4用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。5用于固定搭配中。(二)定冠词的基本用法1特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物。2用于单数可数名词或形容词前，表示一类人或物。3用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。4用于被限制性修饰语加以限制的人或物前。5用于表示朝代、年代的名词前，或用于整十的数词复数前，表示某个年代。6用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。7用于世界上独一无二的事物前。【考点练悟】(单句改错请按照高考要求直接在原句上修改)1(

29、2018全国卷)Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.答案：Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.2(2018全国卷)Asthekid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons, butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparentswouldnotletme.答案：Askid，Ilovedtowatchcarto

30、ons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparentswouldnotletme.3(2017全国卷)Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.答案：Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemabouthourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.4(2017全国卷)Aroundmeinpicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylife

31、atthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.答案：Aroundmeinpicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.5(2016全国卷) Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.答案：Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsofbecomingrichinshortperiodoftime.6(2016全国卷) Butint