句子成份宾语从句主谓结构.docx

1、句子成份宾语从句主谓结构主谓结构(主语+不及物动词) 1、You should study hard. 2、She went home very late yesterday evening. 3、.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 4、Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day. 主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语) 1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.I want to tal

2、k with you this afternoon. 3.You must finish reading these books in two weeks. 4.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently. 主系表结构(主语+系动词+主语补语) 1、My brothers are all college students. 2、In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 3、Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4、At the age of fift

3、een he became a famous pianist. 双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) 1、Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2、Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3、This term I have written three letters to my parents. 复合宾语结构(主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语) 1、We call her Alice. 2、His parents named him John. 3、The guards ordered

4、 us to leave at once. 10、Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. There be 句型 1、There isnt going to be a meeting tonight. 2、There was only a well in the village. 3、There used to be a cinema here before the war. 4、There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. 分析下列句子成分 1.

5、Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city. 7. -I love you more than her,child .8. Trees turn gre

6、en when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. D

7、ont get nervous,help yourself to what you like.16. We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didnt come.That is why he didnt know.18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 21. The cars m

8、ade in Japan are better than those in Germany. 22. There are so many people in the hall . 23. We must do what the people want us to do. 24. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 25. Would you please pass me the cup? 26 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 27. Do you know the latest news about h

9、im? 28. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow. 翻译练习: 主谓结构(主语+不及物动词) 1你应当努力学习。2她昨天回家很晚。 主谓宾结构(主语+及物动词+宾语) 1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 主系表结构(主语+系动词+表语) 1我的兄弟都是大学生。2冬季白天短,夜晚长。 3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 双宾语结构(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语) 1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 复合宾语结构(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语) 1我们叫她Alic

10、e. 2他的父母给他取名为John. 3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 There be 句型 1今晚没有会。2这个村子过去只有一口井。 3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 复习内容:宾语从句考点归纳 目标:1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词 2、掌握宾语从句的语序主句+连接词+主语+谓语 3、掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。重点:语序和时态呼应 难点:语序和时态呼应;与疑问词+不定式的转化;与状语从句的辨析 考点梳理:一、宾语从句的连接词: 1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。 eg. He knew (that) he should

11、work hard. 2、连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。 eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether: 在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided. 在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going

12、 to rain. 与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词 when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。 eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I

13、dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know h ow to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、宾语从句的语序: 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。 Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?() Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( ) The teacher asked the stu

14、dents what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分) 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不 变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。 Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the ticket s are. 三、宾语从句

15、的时态呼应: 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。 eg. I thought (that) you are free today. () I thought (that) you would be free today. ( ) 【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us (that) the eart

16、h moves around the sun. 四、其他需要说明的问题: 1、标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。 eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take? 2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。 五、宾语从句和状语从句的区分: eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow. 2) I dont know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状

17、语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词 dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。 判断方法: 1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。 2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当的时候” 3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词

18、的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship. An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher. They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend Could you tell me when (什么时候

19、)the train arrives ? Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow. =If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall. They knew each other when(当时候)they were children. =When they were children, they knew each other. 过去进行时 一、概念 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,或 者表示过去一段时间内持续进行的动作。 二、过去进行时的时间: 过去进

20、行时的时间有:表示过去的具体时刻,如:at this time yesterday, at that time , this time last week, at seven the day before yesterday morning, at that moment, then; 过去的一段时间:from 1 to four yesterday afternoon 以when(当的时候,在这时),while(与同时)连接的从句 三、过去进行时的构成 过去进行时的动词谓语部分有助动词be(was, were)+动词的ing形式(现在分词)构成。动词现在分词的构成遵从“一般、去e , 双写”

21、六字(母)规则。见现在进行时部分。 四、过去进行时用法典型示例 在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作. They were playing football at 8:30 last Sunday.上星期8点他们正在踢足球。(如图所示) They were playing Pingpang this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候他们正在打乒乓球。 I was writing a letter at that time.在那时我正在写信。 What were you doing at 8:00 the day before yesterday?前天上午8点你们在赶什么? 过去一段时间内持

22、续进行的动作 We were playing basketball from 3 to five yesterday afternoon.昨天下午3到5点我们在打篮球。 yesterday afternoon 3:005:00 were playing basketball They were learning English last autumn.去年秋天他们在学习英语。 以when(当的时候,在这时),while(与同时)连接的从句 I was cooking when he knocked at the door.当他敲门的时候我在做饭。 He k nocked at the door

23、. when I was cooking他敲门了,这时我在做饭。 I dropped my pen when I was walking in the park.我掉了我的笔这时我在公园里走。 My mother was cooking while my father was reading.我的妈妈正在做饭与此同时我的爸爸在读书。 五、过去进行时的句型变换 过去进行时的句型变换可遵从以下规则:be若提前变疑问,be后not变否定。(特别注意:动词后面ing的不能丢掉)。 例句:I was planting trees on the hill at ten yesterday. 否定句: I

24、was not planting trees on the hill at ten yesterday. 疑问句: Were you planting trees on the hill at ten yesterday. 肯定回答:Yes, I was. 否定回答:No, I was not. 六、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 一般过去时与过去进行时都可以和表示过去的时间状语如last night 等连用,但两者意思差别很大,这时一般过去时表示动 作已经完成,而过去进行时表示在过去的某段时间里动作正在进行,动作不运一定完成。例句: I wrote a letter last night.(昨天晚上我写了一封信信已经写完) I was writing a letter last night. (昨天晚上我在写了一封信信不一定写完) We built a school last year (去年我们建了一所学校学校已经建立起来了). We were building a school last year.(去年我们在建学校学校不一定建起来)