1、初中英语语法专项习题51代词初中英语语法专项习题-代词代词(pron.)代替名词,兼有名词和形容词的作用(一) 代词的类别相互代词 each other,。ne another指示代词 this,that,these,those不定代词(不指明特定的人或事物的代词) each,every,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one, ( a) few,(a) little,some,any,many,much,other,another复 合 不 定 代 词 everybody,somebody,a nybody ,n obody,every on e,some o
2、n e,a nyone,noon e,every-th in g,someth in g,a nything,nothing疑问代词 what,who,whom,which,whose直接代词 疑问代词都可作连接代词,引导宾语从句。表语从句等。关系代词 who,whom,whose,that,which 用引导定语从句。(二) 代词的用法1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法(1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格用来作主语,宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。eg. She gave me a red apple. 她给了我一个红苹果: (She作主语,me作动词宾语)Kath i
3、s near him. 凯西靠近他。(介词near的宾语)2.物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。1形容词性物主代词位于名词前: their school,his backpack2名词性物主代词相当干一个名词 ,在句中可作主语、宾语等,后面不能再接名词。egIt isn t my pen. Mine ( =my pen) is missing. (作主语)I left my pen at home. You can use hers (=her pen),(作宾语)3“ of+名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。cat of hers 她的一条狗,a friend of yo
4、urs 你的一个朋友(3 )反身代词1反身代词在句中可作同位语,起强调作用,也可作动词或介词的宾语。(作同位语)few days later,I myself had to go to Paris.She bought herself a new bag. (作动词宾语)He s not wor ried about himself. (作介词宾语)2带有反身代词的常用短语。leave one by on eself 把某人单独留下hurt on eself 伤了自己dress on eself 自己穿衣服come to on eself 苏醒过来(each other )。多年来姐妹俩tea
5、ch on eself 自学help on eself to 随便吃些吧say to on eself 自言自语。lear n by on eself 自学enjoy on eself 过得愉快(4 )相互代词1可用作动词或介词的宾语,用法区别不大。表示相互关系eg. For years, the two sisters looked after one ano ther互相照顾。我们应当互相学习。We should lear n from each other.2可以用格表示所有关系:each other s, one another s互相的,彼此的are looking at each
6、other s pictures. 他们相互看对方的照片。(5 )指示代词1指示代词有单复数之分,既可指物,也可用于介绍人。eg. This is an apple tree,a nd that is an orange tree. 这是一棵苹果树,那是一棵桔子树。These are my frie nds,a nd that is my sister. 这些是我朋友,那个是我姐姐。2指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情:had a bad /That was why he didn t come to school yesterday.2.不定代词的用法(1)each,every,both,al
7、l,either,neither,no,none 的用法1each 每个/各个”(强调个体),用于两者或两者以上。girls came and l gave an apple to each. 来了俩姑娘,我给她们每人一个苹果。Each of them has a nice ring. 她们每人有一枚漂亮的戒指。2every 每个/各个”(强调全体),用于两者以上。every常作形容词用。day is importa nt to us. 每天对我们都很重要。He has read every book ( all the books ) On the subject. 他阅读了所有有关这个主题
8、的书。3both表示两者“都”(强调全体)。pare nts are both doctors. 她父母都是医生。Both of them are doctors. 他俩都是医生。They both like potatoes. 他俩喜欢吃土豆。4all “全体/大家/一切”用于三者以上,也可接不可数名词。s all for today. 今天到此为止。All of us are from Chi na. 我们都来自中国。All the food is delicious. 所有的食物都很好吃。5either “两者之一”,用于两者(强调个体) 。two coats are cheap,so
9、you can choose either of them. 那两件外套不贵,你可以随便挑一件。6neither “两个都不”,用于否定两者。eg. Neither Of the books is / are so in terest in g. 那两本书没一本好看的。7no (=not any / not a )“没有”可接可数名词单复数,也可接不可数名词。have no brothers Or sisters. 我没有兄弟姐妹。A clock has no mouth,but it can talk. 钟表没有嘴,但能说话。There is no fire without some smo
10、ke. 有火就有烟。8none “没有一个人/物”用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词Of them has / have been to Japan. 他们都没去过日本。I like none of the books. 这些书我全都不喜欢。9neither和none表示完全否定;all,both,each 和every (含every的复合词)等与not连用时表 示部分否定。do n t know all of you. 我不完全认识你们。Not everyo ne Of us kn ow how to go there. 不是我们每个人都知道怎样去那儿。(2) one,ones 禾口 no
11、one 的用法one用来代替前面刚提到的一个东西或一个人 ,以免重复;复数ones用来代替前面提到的一些物或一些人;no one表示否定。eg. Would you please pass me the science book 给我递过那本科学方面的书好吗一Which one 哪一本一 The one on my shelf. 我书架上的那本。No one has traveled farther tha n to the moon. 没有人旅行远过月球。(3) ( a)few, ( a)little ; many,much; some,any 的用法1many( + 复数名词),much
12、( +不可数名词)表示许多 /很多”。Of the stude nts come from En gla nd. 那些学生许多是从英国来的。Thanks,it s too much for me. 谢谢 ,我承受不起。2few( +复数名词),little ( +不可数名词)表示“没多/很少”(表否定) 。eg,There were few people in the street last ni ght. 昨晚街上没什么人。Iam very worried that l have little time to fin ish the job. 我担心,我几乎没有时间完成这份工作了。3a fe
13、w ( +复数名词),a little (+不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表肯定) 。call see a few cakes and a little bread in the fridge. 我看到冰箱里有几块蛋糕和一些面包。注意:quite a few 表示“相当多”are quite a few stude nts over there. 那儿有相当多的学生。4some ( +复数名词/不可数名词),any ( +复数名词/不可数名词)表示“有一些/有几个”(表冃疋)。are some birds in the tree. 树上有些鸟。There is some water in
14、 the bottle. 瓶里有些水。I don t have any brothers Of sisters. 我没有Is there any tea in the cup 杯子里有茶吗5some般用于肯定句,但在表示请求、建议。反问等的疑问句中,多用 some.eg: Would you like some beer 你要不要来点啤酒吗Why didn t you buy some sweets (You should have bought )你怎么没买点糖果6any般用于疑问句和否定句及条件从句isn t any water left. 没有剩下一点水。If you have any
15、questi ons, put up your . 女口果有问题,请举手。7some+单数名词表示某一个” ,a ny+单数名词表示随便哪一个”或任何一个”。ll catch up with you some day 有一天我会赶上你的。Come any day you like. 你哪天来都行。Tom is taller than any other stude nt in his class. 汤姆比他班上其他任何一个学生都高。4one ,other, others, the others ,ano ther 等的用法1.0 one the other表示两个人或两件东西中的“一个另一个”Smith has two is a teacher,the other is a nu rse.2.0 ne ano ther表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另一个”。eg. I don t want this One, please give me another.3.0ne t he others强调在一定范围中的“一个”与“其余的”。eg. In Our school One
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