高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮阅读理解 第二节 八精校解析Word版.docx

1、高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮阅读理解 第二节 八精校解析Word版八、词句猜测词义猜测题(2018全国，D)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings？The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.

2、I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things，and it worked.Because of our efforts，our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few larger

3、 objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)For weeks，Ive been thinking of bigger，deeper questions：How do we make it a habit for them？And how do we train ourselves to help them live with，ne

4、ed，and use less？Yesterday，I sat with my son，Shepherd，determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes，ten minutes，max.I chose a red rubber ballsimple

5、，universally available.We passed it，he tried to put it in his mouth，he tried bouncing it，rolling it，sitting on it，throwing it.It was totally，completely enough for him.Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together

6、.He had my full attention and I had his.My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，题材是生活哲理。文章介绍了作者如何教育自己的孩子用更少的物质过更丰富的生活。32What do the words “more is more” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?AThe more，the better. BEnough is enough.CMore money，more worries. DEa

7、rn more and spend more.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.”可知，作者不认同前面的more is more这种观点；再根据第一句可知，成人能够理解物质过剩的感受，可是当涉及孩子时，我们却会认为(孩子)拥有的东西越多越好。more is more是相对于enough is enough而言的。故选A。33What made Georgia agree to sell some

8、of her objects?ASaving up for her holiday.BRaising money for a poor girl.CAdding the money to her fund.DGiving the money to a sick mother.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句可知，当我们许诺把卖掉这些物品的钱放到她的教育基金里的时候，她才同意卖。故选C。34Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?ATo try out an idea.BTo show a parents love.CTo trai

9、n his attention.DTo help him start a hobby.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中的“determined to test my own theory on this”和第四句中的“I decided to play with him”可知，作者和儿子玩耍是为了测试自己的理论：live more with less。故选A。35What can be a suitable title for the text?ATake It or Leave ItBA Lesson from KidsCLive More with LessDThe Pleasur

10、e of Giving答案C解析标题归纳题。第一段的最后一句是文章中心句，即作者想要教会孩子“how to live more with less”；接下来是作者为此所做的努力和尝试。文章最后一句也是对中心句的回应。故选C。一、题型解读词义猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。词义猜测题的命题方式有：(1)Wha

11、t does the underlined word “.” probably mean?(2)The word “.” refers to/probably means .(3)The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by .(4)What do you think the expression “.” stands for?(5)By saying “.” we mean .(6)“.” used in the passage can best be defined as .(7)Which of the following words

12、 can take the place of the word “.”？二、解题技巧巧用线索猜词义1根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。例如：Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the scho

13、ol nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Pariss heartbeat returned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work (一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。2根据构词法进

14、行猜测英语中通过词根加词缀或两个单词合成的方式可以构成新词。因此，掌握了一定的构词知识，再结合上下文语境，也可以快速猜测词义。例如： A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.分析：根据构词法知识我们可知，un-为否定前缀，-ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们可知uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。3根据因果关系进行猜测在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中，若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系，这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有b

15、ecause，so，thus，therefore，as a result of，since，so that，so/such.that.等。例如：My son could not follow the teachers directions，he told me，and thus，Scola was disrupting the class.Didnt he know my son did not speak English yet?试题：What does the underlined word “disrupting” probably mean?ABreaking. BFollowing.

16、CAttending. DDisturbing.分析：画线单词所在的句子出现了因果关系标志词thus，由前面的原因“我儿子听不懂老师的指示”可以推知，“他因此认为我儿子Scola干扰了课堂”，故选D项。其余三项都不符合这一因果逻辑关系。4根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该词或该短语的含义，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词或短语的含义。常见的表示相同或相近意义的词和短语有and，or，like，as well，similarly，too，also，either等。例如：The fine selection of the major wo

17、rks was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.试题：What does the underlined word “contributions” refer to?AArtworks. BProjects.CDonations. DDocuments.分析：画

18、线单词contributions前出现了and，可利用同义或近义关系进行猜测。and前面提到了the fine selection of the major works (精选的重要作品)，后面说contributions来自其他机构，由并列关系可以推断出contributions应该属于works的范畴，同时文中明确表示contributions是来自museum的，故选A项。5根据反义、转折和对比关系进行猜测有些需要猜测词义的词或短语前后会出现表示转折或对比的词语，运用这些词语也可以帮助猜测词义。能体现转折、对比关系的词汇很多，常见的有but，yet，however，while，unlik

19、e，instead (of)，on the other hand，rather than，on the contrary等。例如：In the evening，rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedate though they are，rides at this time of day are still very impre

20、ssive.试题：What does the underlined word “sedate” probably mean?AWild and romantic. BSlow and peaceful.CHungry and thirsty. DActive and excited.分析：画线词语所在句子的句意为“虽然它们，但是在一天的这个时候骑马观赏仍然令人印象非常深刻。”由though可知前后两句是转折关系，再结合前一句中提到的at a more relaxed and unhurried pace可知，应选B项，sedate意为“不慌不忙的”。6根据上下文进行猜测有些词义猜测题找不到以上

21、标志线索，这时可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。例如：There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so its a pipe dream for most apple

22、lovers who fall for it.试题：What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” probably mean?AA practical idea. BA vain hope.CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire.分析：根据连接词so可知上下文之间存在着因果关系，故我们需要从上文中寻找答案。由上文中的“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，shelter

23、ed place with perfect soil to grow it.”可知，尽管Orleans Reinette是很好的品种，但是对各项条件的要求很高，因此大多数喜欢它的人种植它的希望会落空。故选B项。A(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend.As Brazilian landowners 9cut down rainforests to make room for 1profitable plant

24、ations(种植园) and cattle grounds，he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.“When I was a child，the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal，and the water dried up and did not come back，” he told the reporters.“I thought：Water is valuable，no one makes water and

25、the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.”With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers，Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a 2permanent way of life，and Antonio

26、 recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle，surrounded by rats and foxes，and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast，lunch and dinner.Over the last 40 years，he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land，which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest，an

27、d a haven for wildlife.As the forest grew，the water returned，and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it.Then the animals started making a home there.Today，the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and 3insects living there，and

28、 more species are settling in every year.“There are toucans(巨嘴鸟)，all kinds of birds，squirrels，lizards，and even the boars are returning，” 83-year-old Vicente says.“If you ask me who my family are，I would say all is right here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.”1What do we learn about the B

29、razilian peasants?AThey wasted much water on farming.BThey focused on short-term profits.CThey cared much about the environment.DThey relied heavily on rainforests for a living.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations.”及第二段中的“the water d

30、ried up and did not come back”可知，巴西的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选B。2What used to be young Antonios biggest concern?AOverpopulation. BPolluted water.CLoss of grasslands. DWater shortage.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Water is valuable，no one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen? We are g

31、oing to run out of water.”可知，年轻的Antonio最关心的是水的短缺。故选D。3What does the underlined word “haven” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ATrap. BDisaster.CShelter. DBalance.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“insects living there，and more species are settling in every year”可知，昆虫生活在这里，每年更多的物种在这里定居，由此可推断出这里成了野生生物的“安居地，避难所”。故选C。4In th

32、e last paragraph，Antonio mainly expresses his .A4affection for his forestBthanks for his familyCdeep love for rare birdsDpride as a successful farmer答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If you ask me who my family are，I would say all is right here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知，Antonio主要在表达他对森林的爱。故选A。B(2018广东茂名一模)Ha