同步新教材外研英语必修一新突破讲义Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Using Language.docx

1、同步新教材外研英语必修一新突破讲义Unit 1 Section Using LanguageSection Using Language.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Would you like to play badminton(羽毛球) like Lin Dan? Join us!2My deskmate Xiao Xian plays the piano(钢琴)very fluently.3There are many topics(话题)about the environment pollution for us to discuss.4Bai Yansong is a

2、 famous media man with a extremely sharp(敏锐的) mind.5Many people hold the position that its not proper to make dolphins(海豚)play for us.6Sontag was once famously described as the most intelligent woman in America.7The Chinese coach Li Yan argued about the marks with the judges but in vain.8Nowadays ma

3、ny people like to work out in the gym9It remains unknown to us why dinosaurs died out thousands of years ago.10The performance on the stage is quite different from that in the movie.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1argue v争论，争辩argument n争论；论点；论据arguably adv.可论证地；可争辩地2sharp adj.敏锐的，聪明的sharpen vt.削尖；磨快；使敏捷；加重3int

4、elligent adj.有智慧的，聪明的intelligence n智力；情报工作；才智，智慧；天分.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1stay fit/healthy 保持健康2get ready 准备好3make some music 谱曲4argue about sth.with sb. 和某人辩论某事5take pictures 拍照片6twice a month 一月两次7take part in 参加8apply to 适用于；向申请9take up 占据(时间或空间)10if necessary 如果有必要.选词填空 选用上述短语的适当形式填空1When you are in tr

5、ouble，please give me a call，if necessary2It is not wise to argue about almost everything with others.3If you have got fully prepared，you can apply to different universities.4The piano takes up too much room.So please place it against the wall.5Eating less to stay fit/healthy is not a proper way for

6、the young women.6The students in the boarding school go home twice a month7Mi Wei fell into the river while taking pictures using his phone.adj.(e)nv.takeadv.动词短语loose loosen 松开darkdarken 变暗quickquicken 加快take off (飞机)起飞；脱掉take back 收回take away 拿走 (教材P6)Argue about the weeks hottest topics with the

7、schools sharpest minds！和全校最敏锐的人物辩论每周热点。(1)argue vi.& vt.争论；辩论；讨论；说服argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue for. 为而争论； 为而辩护argue against 争辩(反对)argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做某事/不做某事argument n. 争论，辩论；论据，论点Do you ever argue with your family about which TV programme to watch?你曾经和你的家人就看什么电视节目发生过

8、争论吗？We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice，but in vain.我们尝试了多种方法去说服他听从我们的建议，但都是白费力气。Its no use arguing(argue) with him about the question for he wont change his mind.和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他不会改变主意。When this happens，the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a he

9、ated argument(argue)发生这件事的时候，重要的是不要让一次冷静的讨论变成激烈的争论。语境助记The workers，who argued for their own rights，argued with the boss for a few days，but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages because the boss argued against it and insisted that it was all right that their pay had already been OK.为他们

10、自己的权利而辩的工人们和老板辩论了几天了，但还是没能说服老板为他们涨工资，因为老板反对并且坚持认为给工人们的工资已经不错了。(2)sharp adj.(人或人的头脑、眼睛等)敏锐的；聪明的；急转的；急剧的；锋利的；剧烈的；敏捷的；严厉的写出下列各句中sharp的含义Make sure you use a good sharp knife.锋利的We came to a sharp bend in the road.急转的There is a sharp fall in unemployment.急剧的Johns words were sharp for everyone present.严厉的

11、I felt a sharp pain in my back.剧烈的He is very sharp，a quick thinker.敏锐的sharpen v 使变锋利；使敏锐sharply adv. 严厉地；突然地；锋利地sharpened adj. 打磨尖利的；削尖的They also made tools of bones and sharpened stones.他们还用骨头和尖石做成工具。“Is there a problem？”he asked sharply(sharp)“有问题吗？”他厉声喝问。名师点津有些形容词加后缀en可变为动词；darken(使)变暗；sharpen使尖锐

12、，加剧；widen加宽；deepen加深；broaden加宽，扩大； straighten弄直，变直；quicken加快； brighten(使)变亮，(使)愉快；shorten缩短； worsen(使)恶化 take part (in sth.)参与某事(教材P7)In the UK and the US，senior high school students take part in various afterschool activities，such as club activities and volunteer work.在英国和美国，高中学生参加各种课外活动，例如俱乐部活动和志愿

13、者活动。play a part in 在中起作用play the part of 扮演的角色for the most part 大部分，在很大程度上I take part in all kinds of afterschool activities：playing football，basketball and going to theater club.我参加各种课外活动踢足球、打篮球，并去剧院俱乐部。The coachs encouraging words played an important part in my success.教练鼓励的话语在我的成功方面起了很重要的作用。Wu Ji

14、ng played the part of Leng Feng in the movie War Wolf II.吴京在电影战狼中扮演冷锋这个角色。So，we still do not know where these buried miners are for the most part.所以，在很大程度上我们仍然不知道这些被埋的矿工的下落。明辨异同take part in/join/join in/attendtake part in指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。join指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，成为其成员之一。和某人一起做某事，其结构为jo

15、in sb.in(doing)sth.根据上下文，in(doing)sth.也可以省去。join in多指参加小规模的活动，如球赛、游戏等，常用于日常口语中。attend是正式用语，为及物动词，指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，去上课、上学、听报告等。句子的主语只是去听、去看，自己不一定起积极作用。 名师点津take part in 中part前无冠词，但part前有形容词修饰时，加冠词a/an，如：take an active part in 积极参加。take part后面不跟宾语时，不使用介词in。 take up拿起；开始从事；占据；继续；从事于；接受(教材P7)However，they

16、can take up a lot of time，so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules.然而它们占用了大量的时间，因此学生们不得不学会安排自己繁忙的日程。写出下列各句中take up的含义Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始从事Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without argu

17、ing? 接受We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.继续take in 欺骗；理解take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事take over 掌管，控制take off 休息；(飞机)起飞；事业腾飞When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.那架延误的班机何时起飞主要取决于天气。 Technology i

18、s here to help us，but we should not allow it to take(take)over our lives.技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应让它来控制我们的生活。五种基本句型语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟阅读下列句子，并体会黑体部分的用法1.I replied.2.I was embarrassed.3.I saw an older man.在以上这些例句中，1.例句1和例句 6 都是“主谓”结构；其中的谓语动词都是不及物动词；后者有副词作状语。4.He gave me a smile.5.His words made me a lot mor

19、e relaxed！6.I breathed deeply.7.I looked at them in panic.2.例句2是“主系表”结构。embarrassed 是形容词作表语。3.例句3、4以及7都是“主谓宾”结构；例句4中有两个宾语。4.例句5是“主谓宾宾补”结构。英语句子众多，但有其本身的内在联系和其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型如下：基本句型一：SV(主谓)基本句型二：SVP (主系表)基本句型三：SVO (主谓宾)基本句型四：SVIO O (主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五

20、：SVOC (主谓宾宾补)一、基本句型一：SV(主谓)该句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：run，study，arrive，come，happen等。后面不可以接宾语，可以接状语；主语也可以接定语。如：Time flies.(svi.) 时光飞逝。Students study hard.(svi.adv.)学生们学习努力。He went on holiday.(svi.prep.phrase) 他在度假。We stopped to have a rest.(svi.to do sth.) 我们停下来休息。即时演练1把下列句子翻译成英语1冬天快要来

21、了。 2他高兴地离开了。 3他们会在三点钟到 。 4昨天他们一起去逛街。 5他起得早是为了读英语。 答案1.The winter is coming.2.He left happily. 3They will arrive at 3 oclock.4.Yesterday they shopped together.5.He got up early to read English.二、基本句型二：SVP(主系表)该句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：表

22、感官的动词： feel，smell，taste，sound，look等 表变化的动词：become，get，grow，turn，go，fall，run，come等 表延续的动词：remain，keep，stay，stand，continue，lie等 表表象的动词：seem，appear，look等表终止的动词：prove，turn out等He is a good boy.(sv.n./pron.)他是个好男孩。She is beautiful.(sv.adj.) 她很漂亮。Class is over.(sv.adv.) 下课了。The film is interesting.(sv.par

23、ticiple) 电影很有趣。The food tastes nice.(sv.adj.)饭很好吃。即时演练2把下列句子翻译成英语1桌子上的那本书是我的。 2阅读很有用。 3那个女孩还在办公室。 4那场篮球赛令人兴奋。 5昨晚你在家吗？ 答案1.The book on the table is mine. 2Reading is useful.3.That girl is still in the office. 4That basketball match is exciting.5.Were you at home last night?三、基本句型三：SVO(主谓宾)该句型的特点是：谓语

24、动词都具有实际意义，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使句子意思完整。这类动词叫作及物动词。同时，句子中有时含有状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：I like music./ I like her.(svt.n./pron.) 我喜欢音乐/我喜欢她。I want to help him.(svt.infinitive) 我想帮助他。I dont know what to do.(svt.疑问词infinitive) 我不知道干点啥。He practices speaking English every day.(sv

25、t.Gerund)他每天练习说英语。即时演练3把下列句子翻译成英语1我们已收到了他们的来信。 2他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。 3我想知道什么时候出发。 4他每天都看报。 5我喜欢看英文电影。 答案1.We have received their letters.2.His father expects to own a factory.3.I want to know when to leave.4.He reads newspapers every day.5.I like watching English movies.四、基本句型四：SVIOO(主谓间宾直宾)该句型有一个特点：谓语动词必须跟

26、有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词(to或者for)来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。这种句型中作间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：I sent him a book./ I bought him a coat.(svt.n./pron.(间宾) n.(直宾) 我送给他一本书。/我给他买了一件外套。I sent a book to him./ He bought a coat for me.(svt.n.(直宾)to/forn./pron.(间宾) 我送给他一

27、本书。/他给我买了一件外套。间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny，give，grant，hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。 Can you spare/save some minutes/time for the children? 你能为孩子们腾出几分钟的时间吗？间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：buy，cash，choo

28、se，fetch，get，leave，make, order，paint，play(演奏)，save，sing，spare等。 即时演练4把下列句子翻译成英语1我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台电脑。 2张老师教我们英语。 3他从来都不把他的车借给别人。 4我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。 5我承诺陪伴孩子一天。 答案1.My father brought my sister a computer. 2Mr.Zhang taught us English.3.He never lends his car to others.4.I will choose a nice present for you.5.I

29、promised my child a days company.五、基本句型五：SVOC(主谓宾宾补)该句型的特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。这种句型中的“宾语 补语”又称为“复合宾语”， 作宾补的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：He painted the wall white.(svt.n./pron.adj.) 他把墙刷成了白色。We named our baby Tom.(svt.n./pron.n.) 我们给宝宝取名汤姆。She always keeps everythin

30、g in good order.(svt.n./pron.prep.phrase) 她总是把一切整理的井井有条。The teacher asked him to leave.(svt.n./pron.infinitive)老师要他离开。I feel something moving.(svt.n./pron.participle) 我感觉到有东西在动。名师点津动词have, make, let后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to；动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾补。即时演练5把下列句子翻译成英语1我们选他做班长。 2我们认为这项工作很容易。 3请不要客气(就像在家一样)。 4老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。 5刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。 答案1.We ele