职称英语 教材.docx

1、职称英语 教材07职称英语（理工类）第126页第四部分阅读理解第四篇Motoring Technology 1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries. To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Travelli

2、ng at speed has always been risky. One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants. They can ensure you dont miss crucial road signs or fall asleep. The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure

3、 your phone or radio doesnt distract you at a vital moment. Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults. Some safety developments aim to improve your vision. Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology sees through high-sided vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to

4、seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer. The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape. And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research. Fuel cells based on hydro

5、gen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort. But whatever is in the fuel tank, you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft. These communication systems can a

6、lso come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road. Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools. Robotic drivers could be programmed to make

7、traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyones personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that wont be soon.练习：1. What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? A) They are developing faster electric vehicles. B) They are

8、analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every year. C) They focus their research on safety and new fuels. D) They are designing fully automatic cars.2. According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen A) because drivers fall asleep. B) because drivers make mistakes. C) because of engi

9、ne failure. D) because of speeding.3. Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? A) Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fog. B) Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicles. C) Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyres. D) Windscreens that

10、can help drivers to improve their vision.4. What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? A) To prevent car thieves from getting into your car. B) To call for help when ones car crashes. C) To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffic. D) T

11、o track the car down when it is being stolen.5. What is true of robotic drivers? A) It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use B) Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy roads. C) Robotic drivers can never replace human drivers. D) Robotic drives are too expen

12、sive to use.【答案】CBDCA第191页第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina A hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, the name of a native American storm god. Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low

13、 pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime, one of these storms can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs. The seed for hurricane formation5 is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only fo

14、rm and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27 and the surrounding atmosphere is calm. These requirements are met between June and November in the northern hemisphere. Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate and condense into clouds and rain releasing heat in the proce

15、ss. It is this heat energy, combined with the rotation of the Earth, that drives a hurricane. When the warm column of air from the sea surface first begins to rise, it causes an area of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area. This spinning wind drags up more moisture-l

16、aden air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye and on the outside of the storm. Initially, when wind speeds reach 23 miles per hour, these mild, wet and grey weather systems are known as depressions. Hurricane Katrina formed

17、 in this way over the south-eastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a devastating impact on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles in its wake almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been killed or injured and more than half a million people have been d

18、isplaced in a humanitarian crisis of a scale not seen in the US since the great depression. The cost of thedamage may top $100 billion.练习：1. What is the eye of a hurricane? A) A native American storm god. B) A rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1240 miles in diameter C) A calm centra

19、l region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter. D) A storm that can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs.2. Which of the following is NOT the requirements mentioned in the second paragraph? A) The tropical waters are warm and calm. B) The sea-surface temperature exceeds 27C. C

20、) There are thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. D) The atmosphere surrounding the sea is calm.3. Which of the following is the best explanation of the word drive in the third paragraph? A) To guide, control, or direct. B) To force to go through or push in / hammer in. C) To supply the motive fo

21、rce or power and cause to function. D) To force to move in a particular direction.4. What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from thesea surface? A) High pressure B) Low pressure. C) Wind. D) Cold air.5. What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to th

22、e last paragraph? A) The area affected is almost the size of the UK. B) It left a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles. C) Half a million people are forced to leave the area.D) The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression【答案】CACBD第217页第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources Today petr

23、oleum provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel. Natural gas reserves could plug some o

24、f the gap from oil, but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years.We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable ene

25、rgy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the worlds poor too. Renewable refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced. The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built i

26、n England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas Three Gorges Dam, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent e

27、nergy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly contribute greenhouse gases. In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is des

28、igned like windmill, but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation - quadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there

29、is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benign - they can interfere with radar and leave a significant eco

30、logical footprint, altering climate and killing sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them.Scotland is building Europes largest wind farm, which will power 200,000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause

31、problems, because wind is unreliable.练习：1. What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article? A) Petroleum and coal. B) Natural gas. C) Wind and water. D) A and B,2. Chinas Three Gorges Dam A) is the first hydroelectric dam in the world. B) is of the same size of the USs

32、Hoover Dam. C) is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world D) supplies around 20% of the world electricity.3. Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides. A) China. B) Norway. C) England, D) America.5.Which of the following statements is true of wind power?A) There is plenty of wind to provide the worlds entire energy needsB) It is the most r