职称英语 教材.docx

职称英语 教材.docx

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职称英语教材

07职称英语（理工类）

第126页

第四部分　阅读理解

第四篇　　　　　　　　　　　　　MotoringTechnology

1.2millionroaddeathsworldwideoccureachyear,plusafurther50millioninjuries.Toreducecarcrashrate,muchresearchnowisfocusedonsafetyandnewfuels－thoughsomeelectricvehicleandbiofuelresearchaimsatgoingfaster.

Travellingatspeedhasalwaysbeenrisky.Onecuttingedgeareaofresearchinmotoringsafetyistheuseofdigitalin-carassistants.Theycanensureyoudon'tmisscrucialroadsignsorfallasleep.Theuseofartificialintelligencesoftwareallowstheseassistantstomonitoryourdrivingandmakessureyourphoneorradiodoesn'tdistractyouatavitalmoment.Mostcrashesresultfromhumanandnotmechanicalfaults.

Somesafetydevelopmentsaimtoimproveyourvision.Radarcanspotobstaclesinfog,whileothertechnology"seesthrough"high-sidedvehiclesblockingyourview.

Andimprovementstoseatbelts,pedalcontrolsandtyresaremakingdrivingsmootherandsafer.Thecolourofacarhasbeenfoundtobelinkedwithsafety,ashave,lesssurprisingly,sizeandshape.

Andalternativestofossil-fuelbasedpetrol,suchasplantoils,areahotareaofresearch.Fuelcellsbasedonhydrogenburncleanly,andarethesubjectofaseriousresearcheffort.

Butwhateverisinthefueltank,youdon'twantathiefinthedrivingseatandtherehavebeenmanyinnovations,someusingsatellitetrackingandremotecommunications,tofightagainstcartheft.Thesecommunicationsystemscanalsocomeintoplayifyoucrash,automaticallycallingforhelp.

Accidentscausemanytrafficjams,buttherearemoresubtleinterplaysbetweenvehiclesthatcancausejamsevenonaclearbutbusyroad.Suchjamscanbeanalysedusingstatisticaltools.Roboticdriverscouldbeprogrammedtomaketrafficflowsmoothlyandwillperhapsonedaybeeveryone'spersonalchauffeur,buttheirlatesteffortssuggestthatwon'tbesoon.

练习：

1.Whatareresearchersinterestedindoingastheroadaccidentsworldwideincreasetoashocking

rate?

A）Theyaredevelopingfasterelectricvehicles.

B）Theyareanalyzingroaddeathsoccurringworldwideeveryyear.

C）Theyfocustheirresearchonsafetyandnewfuels.

D）Theyaredesigningfullyautomaticcars.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,mostroadaccidentshappen

A）becausedriversfallasleep.

B）becausedriversmakemistakes.

C）becauseofenginefailure.

D）becauseofspeeding.

3.WhichofthesafetydevelopmentsisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A）Radarsthatcanhelpdriverstoseeobstaclesinfog.

B）Devicesthatcanhelpdriverstoseethroughbigvehicles.

C）Improvementsinseatbelts,pedalcontrolsandtyres.

D）Windscreensthatcanhelpdriverstoimprovetheirvision.

4.WhatisNOTthepurposeofinnovationsthatusesatellitetrackingandremotecommunications?

A）Topreventcarthievesfromgettingintoyourcar.

B）Tocallforhelpwhenone'scarcrashes.

C）Tocallforhelpwhenthecargetsjammedinthetraffic.

D）Totrackthecardownwhenitisbeingstolen.

5.Whatistrueofroboticdrivers?

A）Itwilltakesometimebeforeroboticdriverscanbeputtopracticaluse

B）Roboticdriversarenotallowedtodriveonbusyroads.

C）Roboticdriverscanneverreplacehumandrivers.

D）Roboticdrivesaretooexpensivetouse.

【答案】CBDCA

第191页

第三十一篇　　　　　　　　　　　　HurricaneKatrina

Ahurricaneisafiercelypowerful,rotatingformoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1,240milesindiameter.ThetermhurricaneisderivedfromHurican,thenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypicalofacalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter,knownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetime,oneofthesestormscanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.

Theseedforhurricaneformation5isaclusterofthunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.TheserequirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernhemisphere.

Undertheseconditions,largequantitiesofwaterevaporateandcondenseintocloudsandrain－releasingheatintheprocess.Itisthisheatenergy,combinedwiththerotationoftheEarth,thatdrivesahurricane.

Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstorise,itcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawnintothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoisture-ladenairfromtheseasurfaceinaprocessthatswellsthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktotheoceansurfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.

Initially,whenwindspeedsreach23milesperhour,thesemild,wetandgreyweathersystemsareknownasdepressions.HurricaneKatrinaformedinthiswayoverthesouth-easternBahamason23August2005.KatrinahashadadevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUS,leavingadisasterzoneof90,000squaremilesinitswake－almostthesizeoftheUK.ThousandshavebeenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillionpeoplehavebeendisplacedinahumanitariancrisisofascalenotseenintheUSsincethegreatdepression.Thecostofthe

damagemaytop$100billion.

练习：

1.Whatistheeyeofahurricane?

A）AnativeAmericanstormgod.

B）Arotatingformoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1240milesindiameter

C）Acalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter.

D）Astormthatcanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthe"requirements"mentionedinthesecondparagraph?

A）Thetropicalwatersarewarmandcalm.

B）Thesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27~C.

C）Therearethunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.

D）Theatmospheresurroundingtheseaiscalm.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestexplanationoftheword"drive"inthethirdparagraph?

A）Toguide,control,ordirect.

B）Toforcetogothroughorpushin/hammerin.

C）Tosupplythemotiveforceorpowerandcausetofunction.

D）Toforcetomoveinaparticulardirection.

4.Whatdoesthewarmairmentionedinthefourthparagraphproducewhenitisrisingfromtheseasurface?

A）Highpressure

B）Lowpressure.

C）Wind.

D）Coldair.

5.WhatisNOTtrueofHurricaneKatrinaaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A）TheareaaffectedisalmostthesizeoftheUK.

B）Itleftadisasterzoneof90,000squaremiles.

C）Halfamillionpeopleareforcedtoleavethearea.

D）Thehumanitariancrisisisasseriousasthatofthegreatdepression

【答案】CACBD

第217页

第四十二篇　　　　　　　　　　　RenewableEnergySources

Todaypetroleumprovidesaround40%oftheworld'senergyneeds,mostlyfuellingautomobiles.Coalisstillused,mostlyinpowerstations,tocoverone-quarterofourenergyneeds,butitistheleastefficient,unhealthiestandmostenvironmentallydamagingfossilfuel.Naturalgasreservescouldplugsomeofthegapfromoil,butreservesofthatwillnotlastintothe22ndcenturyeither.Mostexpertspredictwewillexhausteasilyaccessiblereserveswithin50years.

Wecouldfastreachanenergycrisis.Weneedtorapidlydevelopsustainablesolutionstofuelourfuture.Less-pollutingrenewableenergysourcesofferamorepracticallong-termenergysolution.Theymaybenefittheworld'spoortoo."Renewable"referstothefactthattheseresourcesarenotusedfasterthantheycanbereplaced.

TheChineseandRomansusedwatermillsover2000yearsago.ButthefirsthydroelectricdamwasbuiltinEnglandin1870.Hydroelectricpowerisnowthemostcommonformofrenewableenergy,supplyingaround20%ofworldelectricity.China'sThreeGorgesDam,whichhasjustbeencompleted,isthelargestever.AtfivetimesthesizeoftheUS'sHooverDam,its26turbineswillgeneratetheequivalentenergyof18coal-firedpowerstations.Itwillsatisfy3%ofChina'sentireelectricitydemand.Surprisingly,somearguethathydroelectricdamssignificantlycontributegreenhousegases.

In2003,thefirstcommercialpowerstationtoharnesstidalcurrentsintheopenseaopenedinNorway.Itisdesignedlikewindmill,butotherstaketheformofturbines.

Aspricesfall,windpowerhasbecomethefastestgrowingtypeofelectricitygeneration--quadruplingworldwidebetween1999and2005.Modernwindfarmsconsistofturbinesthatgenerateelectricity.Thoughitwillbemoreexpensive,thereismorethanenoughwindtoprovidetheworld'sentireenergyneeds.Windfarmscomeinonshoreandoffshoreforms.Theycanoftenendupatspotsofnaturalbeauty,andareoftenunpopularwithresidents.Andturbinesarenottotallybenign--theycaninterferewithradarandleaveasignificantecologicalfootprint,alteringclimateandkillingseabirds.Migratingbirdsmayhavemoreluckavoidingthem.

ScotlandisbuildingEurope'slargestwindfarm,whichwillpower200,000homes.TheUK'sgoalistogenerateone-fifthofpowerfromrenewablesources,mainlywind,by2020.Butthismaycauseproblems,becausewindisunreliable.

练习：

1.Whataretheenergyresourcesthatarenotrenewableaccordingtothearticle?

A）Petroleumandcoal.

B）Naturalgas.

C）Windandwater.

D）AandB,

2.China'sThreeGorgesDam

A）isthefirsthydroelectricdamintheworld.

B）isofthesamesizeoftheUS'sHooverDam.

C）isthelargestofallthehydroelectricdamsintheworld

D）suppliesaround20%oftheworldelectricity.

3.Whichisthecountrywiththefirstcommercialpowerstationthatmakesuseofoceancurrentsproducedbytides.

A）China.

B）Norway.

C）England,

D）America.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofwindpower?

A）Thereisplentyofwindtoprovidetheworld'sentireenergyneeds

B）Itisthemostr