打印的北外庄绎传翻译漫谈二十讲1DOC.docx

1、打印的北外庄绎传翻译漫谈二十讲1DOC英译汉Chapter One词义的选择、引申和褒贬一词义的选择（一）根据词性He likes physics.They are shining like gold.Like knows like.(二) 根据上下文联系He is the last man to do it.He should be the last to blame.He is the last man to come.He is the last person for such a job.二词义的引申（一）将词义做抽象化的引申1将表示具体形象的词译成该形象代表的属性Every life

2、 has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活有甜有苦。There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of them.他们的性格既残暴，又狡猾。2将带有特征性形象的词译成该形象所代表的词see-sawing between partly good and faintly bad时好时坏这两种情况不断地交替出现Their troops goosestepped into power.他们的军队耀武扬威地夺取了政权。（二）将词义做具体化的引申The car in front of me stopped a

3、nd I missed the green.我前面的车停下来了，我错过了绿灯。三词义的褒贬（一）英语中有些词本身具有褒贬意义He was a man of high renown.他是位有名望的人。His notoriety didnt come until his death.他的恶名是他死后才传开的。（二）中立意义的词在上下文中译出褒贬The politician talked about his hopes and ambitions.我们要求他谈了他的希望和抱负He had lied to me and made me the tool of his wicked deeds.他欺骗了

4、我，使我成了他进行罪恶勾当的工具。练习:Information technology will be at the heart of global economic competition in the 21st century.信息技术将成为21世纪全球经济竞争的中心。The largest American cities are a diverse group, but they share certain problems.美国的大城市形形色色，却有许多共同的问题。The expansion of educational opportunities promoted the Americ

5、an ideal of equal opportunity for all.由于教育不断普及，推动了机遇面前人人平等的美国理想的实现。Race relations in the US continue to be a thorny problem.美国的种族关系一直是棘手的问题。The diverse population presents great challenges to the society, racism and discrimination remain problems.多民族的人口结构也给社会带来一定的问题，种族歧视和偏见依然存在。Both newspapers and m

6、agazines are heavily dependent on advertising for financial support.报纸和杂志的经费来源主要是依靠广告收入。Geography has given the US extensive and accessible resources, fertile land, and a beneficial climate.地理位置为美国提供了丰富的可利用资源，肥沃的土地和有利的气候。The percentage of US children living without their father present has ballooned

7、.美国没有父亲的单亲孩子比例激增。The American greeting card and decoration industries encourage the celebration of both religious and secular holidays.美国的节日贺卡和装饰业增添了宗教节日和习俗节日的欢乐气氛。Between 1689 and 1763, Great Britain and France fought a series of wars which involved the North American colonies.1689年至1763年间英法两国连年战争，

8、使北美的欧洲殖民地也卷入其中。The modern American economy has never been completely free from government involvement。现代美国经济从来没有完全脱离过政府的干预。The increase in DINK families has shattered the traditional idea of Chinese family。丁克家庭的增长冲击了传统的中国家庭观念。Chapter Two词类转译一转译为动词1名词转译为动词Rockets have found application for the explor

9、ation of the universe.火箭已用来探索宇宙。2含有动词意味的名词转译为动词The sight and sound of our plane filled me with special longing.看到我们的飞机，听到飞机的声音，令我特别神往。3英语中以er结尾的名词在句中不指身份和职业，而含有动词意味，译为动词I think my sister is a better singer than I.我认为我姐姐比我唱的好。二转译为名词1名词派生的动词Formality has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系

10、有一个特点就是以礼相待。2名词转化的动词This machine is designed to burn up if overused.这个机器，按其设计，如果过度使用就会烧毁。练习：For millions of immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first sight of the promising land.数百万移民踏上这片充满希望的土地，第一眼看到的是自由女神像。One thing that often leads people to move is the desire for better climate, more att

11、ractive scenery, more agreeable living.导致人们迁居的原因往往是向往宜人的气候，迷人的景色和惬意的生活。The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.过去的20年中，美国的航空运输业迅速发展。The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.财富逐渐集中在少数人手中，引发了许多社

12、会问题和政治问题。Population grew both as a result of natural increase and of continued immigration.人口的增长是自然增长和不断移民的结果。The American economy is organized in single-owner businesses, partnerships and corporations.美国经济的组织方式是个人所有制，合伙制和公司制。Chapter Three 分句 合句法一分句法（一）把原句中一个单词译成句子1副词They, not surprisingly, did not

13、respond at all.他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇。2形容词He talked with understandable pride about his daughter.他在谈到他女儿的时候很自豪，这是可以理解的。3名词The inside of each house depended on the personality of its owner.每个房间内怎样的布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。(二) 把短语翻译成句子1名词短语Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, a universally accepted law.能量既不能被

14、创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。2介词短语Their power increased with their number.他们人数增加了，力量也随之增加。(三) 把原文中的一个句子拆开, 变成两个句子Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.如果该地区再次发生战争, 显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the ma

15、chinery.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。二合句法（一）把原文中两个或以上的简单句译成一个句子There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the north.从全国各地来的人中有许多是北方人。（二）把原文中的主从复合句译成一句When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是处于礼貌。练习:Americans pride themse

16、lves on their independence and their right to make up their own minds.美国人有独立的精神，有自主的权利，并为此感到自豪。The popularity of television and the serious problem of piracy have contributed to the decline of movie industry.电视普及，盗版问题严重，导致了电影业的衰落。Hawaii enjoys a mild climate year-round because of the season winds, t

17、he temperature varies little from day to night and from summer to winter.由于受季风影响，夏威夷一年四季如春，春夏秋冬，白天黑夜，温差很小。Americans take shorter and fewer vacations than people in most other industrialized countries.与大部分工业化国家相比，美国人休假时间短，休假次数少。The importance of strengthening ties between the US and China will grow e

18、ven greater with the beginning of a new century.随着新世纪的开始，加强美中关系变得越来越重要。Growing labor shortage in some field will give workers more rights to demand higher wages.某些产业劳动力日益短缺，将使工人更有权利要求较高的工资。New York has become one of the largest and most powerful cities in the western world with a population of more

19、than 8 million.纽约已经成为西方世界最具影响力的大城市之一，目前人口已达800万。Despite its national wealth, poverty and serious income difference exist throughout the US.虽然美国是个富裕的国家，但全国仍然存在着贫穷和严重的收入差别问题。The researchers want to perfect cloning in cows because of the large market for expensive high-quality beef.科研人员希望完善克隆牛技术，因为昂贵的高

20、质牛肉市场庞大。Chapter Four 定语从句一限制性定从（一）前置法There will come a day when people of the world live a happy life under the sun of socialism.全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。（二）后置法1译成并列分句，重复英语先行词They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have

21、laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的，在过去，许多中国人曾为此牺牲了自己的生命。He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and spirit to this career which today helps him reach his goal.他把自己非凡的才智和精力无私地献给了这项事业，而这项事业今天已使他实现了目标。2译成并列分句，省略英语先行词It is he who received the letter that announced the death of

22、his uncle.是他接到那封信，说他的叔叔去世了。（三）融合法There are many people who want to see the film.许多人要看这部电影。二非限制性定语从句（一）前置法Her laughter, which was very infectious, broke the silence.她的富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。（二）后置法1译成并列分句（1）从句后置，重复关系词代表的含义They toured the Forbidden city, where the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splend

23、or.他们参观了紫禁城，从前的中国皇帝曾在那里过着奢华显赫的生活。（2）从句后置，省略关系词代表的含义After dinner, they resumed their talk, which continued well into the night.饭后，他们继续会谈，直到深夜。（3）从句前置，重复关系词代表的含义This war, however, more complex than the last one, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources a

24、nd territories.上一次战争是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场，资源和领土的冲突，而这次战争却比上一次复杂。2译成独立句He had talked to the president, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.他和总统谈过话，总统向他保证，凡是能作到的都将去做。英语翻译中直译的要点(一)、否定句型中的直译误区英语中有一些不同的否定句型，其中有一些句型不能完全采用直译法进行翻译，否则，就会造成误译，甚至与原意背道而驰，下列几种否定句型值得注意：1. 部分否定句型，这种句型不同于汉语的思维形

25、式。I do not know all of them.误：对他们我都不认识。正：对他们我不是个个都认识。All the answers are not right.误：所有答案都不对。正：答案并非全对。Every body wouldnt like it.误：每个人都不会喜欢它。正：并不是每上人都会喜欢它。2. 单一否定中的部分句型It is a long lane that had no turning.误：那是一条没有弯的长巷。正：无论多长的巷也有弯的地方（路必有弯，事必有变）。It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.误：聪明人从不犯错误。正

26、：无论怎样聪明的人也难免犯错误。We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.误：我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值。正：对现代科学的价值无论如何重视也不过分。It was not until years afterwards that he heard of Semmelweis.误：没过几年他就听到了Semmelweis的消息。正：直到数年之后他才听到Semmelweis 的消息。（二）、长句直译的误区在较长的英语句子中存在着比较复杂的关系，很难按原则顺序用一句汉语表达出来，这就要根据英文句子的特点和内在联系进行意译，不能直译

27、的长句主要有三种处理方法。1. 根据句子内在的逻辑关系和汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。例如：There are advantages to underground life, too, and something to be said for imaging whole cities, even mankind generally, moving downward, of having the outermost mile of the Earths crust honeycombed with passage and strue-ture, like a gigantic ant hill.这是一

28、个倒装句，表示设想条件与结果关系，按这一关系来译比直译好，家似的建筑物，一座座城市都迁入地下，甚至全人类都迁入地下生活，这也会给人类带来很多好处。The chances are that the dwellers of the new caves would see more greenery, under ecologically healthier conditions, than dwellers of surface cities do today.这个句子并不复杂，但不好译。这个句子有三层关系，比较、条件和结果，按这种逻辑关系翻译就十分省事。同今天地面城市里的居民相比，新洞穴里的居民

29、如果在比较健康的生态环境中生活，会有更多的机会见到青枝绿叶。2、有些长句需要直译与意译结合，顺译与递译结合，需要综合处理。But a broader and more generous, certainly more philosophical, view is held by those scientists who claim .that the evidence of a war instinct in men is incomplete and misleading, and that man does have within him the power of abolishing w

30、ar. 这个句子的主句部分可以意译，从句部分可直译。有些科学家的观点更开阔，更富有普遍性和哲理性。他们指出，有关人类战争本能的证据尚不完全，而且容易引起误解，事实上，人类自身具有消除战争的能力。It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astonishing enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences , which

31、 she bears unto this day .这个句子虽长，结构不复杂，如果进行直译，其译文将十分逊色，如果进行综合处理，译文将有声有色地传达原文的神韵。那里的人们富于大无畏的开创精神，建立庞大的企业，敢冒风险，势如破竹，一干到底，不顾及成本，因此为加利福尼亚赢得了声誉。3、由于有些句型不同于汉语的思维方式，常常需要进行倒译。Textile finishes have in general become a no-no in todays market place ,thanks to many reasons ,says a represen tative of fiber producer.一位纤维厂家代表说，由于许多原因，纺织物整理剂在今天的市场上已经到无人的问津的地步。How much easier, how much more satisfying it is for you who can see to grasp quickly the essential qualities of another person by watching the subtleties of expression, the