总复习Z20.docx

1、总复习Z20初三英语秋季学案之非谓语动词Name Date Speaking1, 请用正确的读音、语调朗读下列短文（1） We do shopping on Sundays. I go to the supermarket with my mother on one Sunday morning in a car. Father likes fruits very much. We buy some red apples for him. Mother likes yellow bananas, but theyre green. “Look! The strawberries re very

2、 nice, mum. Do you like them?” I ask Mother. “Yes, I like strawberries very much.” Mother buys some for herself. The oranges are also very nice. Mother buys some for me. I like orange very much. We need some vegetables. The vegetables in the supermarket are very good. We buy some tomatoes, carrots a

3、nd potatoes. I dont like potatoes, but my parents like them. I like carrots very much. We buy lots of carrots. After shopping Mother and I have some French fries, milk and ice cream. And then we go back home with the fruits and vegetables.（2） One day Mr. Brown sees a young woman with some children i

4、n the street. He is very surprised, because all the children are wearing the same clothes-white caps, blue coats and yellow trousers. “Are they all your children?” Mr. Brown asks the woman. “Yes, they are.” She answers. “Do you always dress them in the same clothes?” asks Mr. Brown. “Yes.” answers t

5、he mother, “When we have only four children, we dress them in the same clothes because we dont want to lose any of them. Its easy to see our children among other children, because theyre all wearing the same clothes. And now, when we have ten, we dress them like this because we dont want to take oth

6、er children home by mistake. When there are other children among ours, its easy to see them because their clothes are different.”2, 交际用语Getting peoples attention 引起别人的注意 1Can I talk to you? 能和你谈一下？ 2Can we talk? 能一块儿谈谈吗？ 3Lets talk. 我们谈谈吧。 4Excuse me. You got a minute? 对不起，能耽误你一分钟吗？ 5May I have a wo

7、rd with you? 能和你说句话吗？ 6If you dont mind my asking, where did you come from? 你从哪儿来？要是你不介意我这么问的话。 7Its none of my business, but I think her dress is a bit too loud. 虽说不干我的事，可我觉得她的裙子有点太花哨了。 8I dont want to sound like a busybody, but didnt you plan to go abroad? 我并不想瞎打听，可你原来不是打算出国吗？Launching conversatio

8、n with a piece of news.讲述一条消息来打开话题。 1Listen up .听着。 2Now hear this! 你听着！ 3Get a load of this.你听听这个.(load:大量，许多) 4Have you read for this? 听着吗？ 5Guess what? 你猜怎么的？ 6Guess what I just found out. 你猜我刚知道什么？ 7Youll never guess what I heard.你永远也猜不到我听说了什么。 8You wont believe this. 你会觉得难以置信。 9You wont believe

9、 what Tom just told me. 汤姆刚才告诉我的事会吓到你。 10Did you hear the news? 你听说那条新闻了吗？ 11Have you heard the latest? 你听说那条最新消息了吗？Talking about weather.谈论天气 1Nice weather we are having。天气真好 2Nice day, isnt it? 天儿真不错，你说呢。 3Freezing，isnt it? 好冷啊 4What do you think of this weather? 你觉得今天天气怎么样？ 5How do you like our w

10、eather？ 你喜欢我们这里的天气吗？ 6Is the weather always like this? 这儿的天气总是这样吗？ 7The weathers been very hot lately. 最近天气总是很热。 8I think we should leave the door open. Its boiling in there. 我觉得我们应该把大门敞开着，屋里太热了。 9Its like an oven in here. Lets open the windows. 这里快成烤箱了。我们把窗子打开吧。 10Horrible weather, we are having. 这

11、么糟的天气让我们赶上了。 11Dreadful weather, dont you think? 天气可真差劲，你说呢？ 12Lousy weather, huh? 这种天气真讨厌，是吧？（lousy:糟糕，劣等的） 13I dont usually listen to the weather. They never get it right! 我不怎么听天气预报。他们总报不准。 14They say its going to rain tomorrow. 据说明天有雨。 15What a downpour! 下得可真够大的！（downpour:倾盆大雨） 16Lovely weather f

12、or ducks! 这种天气至少鸭子喜欢.（这是下雨时的调侃语） Grammar非谓语动词【内容解读】 1. 知道非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，了解各自的构成及其不同的语法功能。 2. 非谓语动词中，动词不定式和动名词、分词的固定句型是重点。【能力解读】 1. 正确理解非谓语动词各种形式的基本用法，并能够在具体的情景中恰当使用不同的形式，达到交际的目的。2. 能够区分三种非谓语动词的异同点。【考试趋势】 1不定式，-ing形式和过去分词中，不定式和-ing形式考查最多尤其是不定式的否定形式，省去to和不省to的情况，及只能用-ing形式作宾语的情况 2在具体的语境中考查非谓语动词的用法

13、3不定式作主语和动词后用不定式和-ing形式意义不同，也将是中考的重点【突破方法】 1了解非谓语动词的基本用法及固定句型 2能够区分三种非谓语动词的基本含义，并学会分析句子的结构成分【知识清单】 非谓语动词包括动名词、分词、不定式、没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，也可以和帮助动词结合构成进行时、完成时和被动语态构成句子成分不定式to+动词原形除谓语外的任何成分有将要之意分词现在分词doing表语 宾语 定语 状语主动，进行过去分词worked, done表语 宾语 定语 状语被动，完成动名词doing主 宾 表 定表一般情况常考知识清单一 动词不定式 1不定式的基本形式to+动词

14、原形，它具有动词的特点即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语 The mother wants her son to read English every day母亲要她的儿子每天读英语 My mother asked me not to read in bed.我的母亲要求我不要躺在床上看书 2不定式的句法作用： 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语 （1）作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It +be+形容词+（for sb）+动词不定式 To l

15、earn English well is useful. Its useful to learn English well. Its important for us to protect environment.注：当在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用of. Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦 Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦！ （2）作宾语 He wants to go out with her. 注：一些谓语动词后

16、只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望、如：would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等 Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？在find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末 I find it easy to read English every day. （3）宾语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系 Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露丝要他关小收音机

17、（他关小收音机）注：动词不定式的使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时，常省去不定式符号to, had better, would rather后的不定式也不带to, help后的不定式可带to, 也可不带to. Her mother makes her do homework every evening. 她母亲要她每天晚上都写作业 Lets see the dolphins.我们去看海豚吧 I hear her sing every day我听见她每天都唱歌 Youd better do homework first. 你最后先做做业

18、 但make, see, hear等词在被动语态中，其后的不定式要带to. She was heard to speak English. （4）作定语 动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做(做家庭作业)There is nothing to worry about. 没什么要担心的 （5）作状语 Mrs Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.（目的）Were glad to meet you here.（原因） He is too tir

19、ed to work on.（结果） 3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not. They told us not to play basketball too long. 4不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉同学们做什么He didnt know where to go.他不知道去哪里(where to go= where he should go)常考知识清单二 动名词 动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，它具有名词和动词的特

20、征，它起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语，它也可以有自己的宾语和状语 1. 作主语Seeing is believing眼见为实Eating too much is bad fro your health.2. 作宾语、动名词可作动词宾语，也可作介词宾词I like playing basketball. 我喜欢打篮球（动词宾语）Thank you for listening.(介词宾语)谢谢收听注：有些动词或句型只能用动名词 （1）enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 I enjoy reading English loudly.我喜欢大声读英语 （2）mind doing s

21、th和mind sbs doing sth 介意做某事，反对做某事Its hot. Would you mind opening the window? 天很热你介意打开窗户吗？Would you mind my smoking here? 我在这吸烟你介意吗？ （3）stop sb from doing sth 和prevent sb. from doing sth 阻止某人做某事Today, the forests have almost gone, people must down many treesA. stop to cut B. stop from cutting C. be s

22、topped to cut D. be stopped from cutting（4）practice doing sth练习做某事We should practice speaking English as often as possible.我们应该尽可能经常地练习说英语（5）finish doing sthBefore 2008 we will finish the Olympic Park.A. build B. built C. building D. to build （6）feel like doing sth 想要做某事He should do his homework now

23、. But he doesnt feel like doing it.他现在应该做作业，但他不想做 （7）be used to doing sth习惯做某事 He is used to getting up at six every day. （8）spend(in) doing sth花费时间作某事 Every day I spend three hours doing homework. （9）be worth doing值得做某事The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读 （10）have fun doing sth和have a good time doing

24、sth.尽情做某事，作某事很快乐 （11）have trouble/ problem/ a hard time doing sth. 做某事很困难 He had a hard time speaking English in front of the class. （12）thank sb for doing sth因某事感谢某人 Thank you for joining us.常考知识清单三 分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种它们起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语，宾补，状语和表语现在分词-ing，有主动进行之意，过去分词-ed，有被动、完成之意注意他们都有规则形式 1作定语：分词与中心词

25、之间有动宾关系 China is a developing country. USA is a developed country. 中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家 The boy named John is from America. 那个叫约翰的男孩来自美国 2作宾语补足语I saw her watching TV last night. 昨晚我看见她在看电视（现在分词） You should have your hair cut.你该理发了(have sth done叫别人为你做某事) 3作状语 While watching TV, he smiled from time to

26、 time. 看电视时，他不时地笑 They woke up the other family members, calling “Merry Christmas!”他们喊着“圣诞快乐”，叫醒家里其他人 4作表语We are excited about the news.我们对那个新闻感到兴奋The news in exciting. 那个新闻令人兴奋.We are interested in the interesting story. 我们对那个有趣的故事很感兴趣 现在分词表示“令人的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到的”，主语一般是人He is surprised to hear th

27、e news（过去分词） 他听到那个消息很惊奇The news is surprising（现在分词）那个消息令人惊奇【易混知识清单一】 动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 有些动词后可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但意义不同，要注意区分（有些词如like, hate, love, start, begin等后接不定式和动名词意义差别不大） stop to do sth停下来去做某事 stop doing sth停止做某事Stop talking, please请不要讲话 Stop to think about it for a moment停下来想一想remember to do sth记住

28、要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）I remember posting your letter.我记得你把你的信寄出去了（信已寄出） Please remember to post my letter.请记住把我的信寄走（信尚未寄出）forget to do sth忘记未做某事(动作未发生)forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（动作已发生）I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了（没带作业） I forgot bringing my homework. 我忘记已把作业带来了（作业已带来） try t

29、o do sth 努力去做某事 try doing sth 试着去做某事He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话Please try to do better next time. 下次设法做得更好些go on to do sth 做完一件事，接着改做另外一件事Go on doing 继续不停地做某事Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后

30、，我们继续做练习allow doing sth允许做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事We dont allow smoking here.我们不许在此吸烟We dont allow students to go out on school days.【易混知识清单二】 动词不定式作宾补和动名词作宾补的区别 See, watch, hear, find, feel等感官动词，后接不定式作宾补时，表示动作的全过程已结束或存在的事实，后者表动作的一部分正在进行 1. I saw him cross the road.我见他过了马路 2. I saw him crossin

31、g the road我见他正在过马路 3. I heard someone enter the room我听见有人进了房间 4. I heard someone singing.我听见有人在唱歌 5. I felt something hit me on the back. 我感到有东西打了我一下 6. Can you feel the train slowing down? 你能感觉到火车在慢下来吗？【易混知识清单三】 need, require, want 后跟不定式和动名词的区别 当need, require, want 作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式 The window n