考研英语二阅读真题.docx

1、考研英语二阅读真题2005-2016年考研英语二阅读真题（全网最全，吐血整理）2005年Text1Working at nonstandard times-evenings, nights, or weekends-is taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harriet B. Presser, sociology professor

2、 at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationships, which is likely to continue in coming decades.The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights

3、and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales or other low-paying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children

4、, however, may benefit from parents nonstandard work schedules because of the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages.Nonsta

5、ndard working hours mean families spend less time together for diner but more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional

6、 providers.Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and more a mandate of employer. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for emplo

7、yees working irregular hours-sometimes as much as 50% higher. The convenience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend.Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits

8、of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people working nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning

9、that needs greater attention, she says.36. Which of the following demonstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families? A. Stress on familial relationships. B. Rotating shifts.C. Evenings, nights, or weekends. D. Its consequences.37. Which of the following is affect

10、ed most by working irregular hours?A. Children. B. Marriage.C. Single mothers. D. Working women.38. Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?A. Children. B. Parents.C. Employees D. Professional child providers.39. It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work sche

11、dules are .A. emphasized B. absentC. neglected D. prevalent40. What is the authors attitude towards working irregular hours?A. Positive. B. Negative.C. Indifferent. D. Objective.Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Most human beings actual1y decide before they think. When any human

12、being-executive, specialized expert, or person in the street-encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how inte1li

13、gent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesired consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themse1ves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock o

14、nto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it.A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the pat of the losing faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves

15、as losing, the battle often doesnt end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings.There is a better. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, It isnt who is right, but what is right, that counts.The structu

16、red-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down,

17、and organizing the flow of logic, its possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together

18、. Although it isnt possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, its possible to organize the experts information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus gro

19、up; its a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions. 4l. From the first paragraph we can learn that .A. executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the streetB. very

20、few people decide before they thinkC. those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do soD. people tend to consider carefully before making decisions42. Judging from the context, what does the word them (line 4,paragraph 2) refer to?A. Decision makers. B. The losing faction.C. Anger, re

21、sentment, and jealousy. D. Other people.43. Aldous Huxleys remark (Paragraph 3) implies that .A. there is a subtle difference between right and wrongB. we cannot tell who is right and what is wrongC. what is right is more important than who is rightD. what is right accounts for the question who is r

22、ight44. According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is .A. to make decision by debateB. to apply the Internet and wireless computer technology.C. to brake on the thinking process, slowing it downD. to create a level of conceptual clarity45. The structured-inquiry process c

23、an be useful for .A. decision makers B. intelligence analysis meetingC. the experts information D. marketing focus groupsQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of

24、 this will be in the future of sport. The spectator (the television audience) will be the priority and professional clubs will have to readjust their structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business.The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts

25、by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of the future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Ill

26、ustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be fore

27、seen at present; they could watch from the trainers stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the sane option s the producer of the recorded programmer has to select replays, to choose which c

28、amera to me and to decide on the sound whether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on.Many sports executives, largely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive a

29、nd ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view while there is more basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever.It is also the argument of these sports executives that televi

30、sion harming the modest team. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling. It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audience.The world I being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of the

31、ir time and, in their home have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to adapt itself to the new world.The most visionary executives go further. That philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport why not have sports taken over television?46. Wh

32、at does the writer mean by use of the phrase an indissoluble marriage in the first paragraph?A. sport is combined with television. B. sport controls television.C. television dictates sports. D. Sport and television will go their own ways47. What does they in line 2 paragraph 2 stand for?A. Broadcasts. B. Channels.C. Spectators. D. Technologies.48. How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies?A. they