考研英语二阅读真题.docx

考研英语二阅读真题.docx

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考研英语二阅读真题

2005-2016年考研英语二阅读真题（全网最全，吐血整理）

2005年

Text1

Workingatnonstandardtimes-evenings,nights,orweekends-istakingitstollonAmericanfamilies.One-fifthofallemployedAmericansworkvariableorrotatingshifts,andone-thirdworkweekends,accordingtoHarrietB.Presser,sociologyprofessorattheUniversityofMaryland.Theresultisstressonfamilialrelationships,whichislikelytocontinueincomingdecades.

　　Theconsequencesofworkingirregularhoursvaryaccordingtogender,economiclevel,andwhetherornotchildrenareinvolved.Singlemothersaremorelikelytoworknightsandweekendsthanmarriedmothers.Womeninclerical,salesorotherlow-payingjobsparticipatedisproportionatelyinworkinglateandgraveyardshifts.

　　Married-couplehouseholdswithchildrenareincreasinglybecomingdual-earnerhouseholds,generatingmoresplit-shiftcouples.School-agedchildren,however,maybenefitfromparents'nonstandardworkschedulesbecauseofthegreaterlikelihoodthataparentwillbehomebeforeorafterschool.Ontheotherhand,acorrelationexistsbetweennonstandardworkschedulesandbothmaritalinstabilityandadeclineinthequalityofmarriages.

　　Nonstandardworkinghoursmeanfamiliesspendlesstimetogetherfordinerbutmoretimetogetherforbreakfast.One-on-oneinteractionbetweenparentsandchildrenvaries,however,basedonparent,shift,andageofchildren.Thereisalsoagreaterrelianceonchildcarebyrelativesandbyprofessionalproviders.

　　Workingnonstandardhoursislessachoiceofemployeesandmoreamandateofemployer.Presserbelievesthattheneedforswingshiftsandweekendworkwillcontinuetoriseinthecomingdecades.ShereportsthatinsomeEuropeancountriestherearesubstantialsalarypremiumsforemployeesworkingirregularhours-sometimesasmuchas50%higher.Theconvenienceofhavingservicesavailable24hoursadaycontinuestodrivethistrend.

　　Unfortunately,saysPresser,theissueisvirtuallyabsentfrompublicdiscourse.Sheemphasizestheneedforfocusedstudiesoncostsandbenefitsofworkingoddhours,thephysicalandemotionalhealthofpeopleworkingnightsandweekends,andthereasonsbehindthenecessityforworkingthesehours."NonstandardworkschedulesnotonlyarehighlyprevalentamongAmericanfamiliesbutalsogeneratealevelofcomplexityinfamilyfunctioningthatneedsgreaterattention,"shesays.

　　36.WhichofthefollowingdemonstratesthatworkingatnonstandardtimesistakingitstollonAmericanfamilies?

　　A.Stressonfamilialrelationships.B.Rotatingshifts.

　　C.Evenings,nights,orweekends.D.Itsconsequences.

　　37.Whichofthefollowingisaffectedmostbyworkingirregularhours?

　　A.Children.B.Marriage.

　　C.Singlemothers.D.Workingwomen.

　　38.Whowouldbeinfavorofthepracticeofworkingnonstandardhours?

　　A.Children.B.Parents.

　　C.EmployeesD.Professionalchildproviders.

　　39.Itisimpliedthattheconsequencesofnonstandardworkschedulesare.

　　A.emphasizedB.absent

　　C.neglectedD.prevalent

　　40.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsworkingirregularhours?

　　A.Positive.B.Negative.

　　C.Indifferent.D.Objective.

　　Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Mosthumanbeingsactual1ydecidebeforetheythink.Whenanyhumanbeing-executive,specializedexpert,orpersoninthestreet-encountersacomplexissueandformsanopinion,oftenwithinamatterofseconds,howthoroughlyhasheorsheexploredtheimplicationsofthevariouscoursesofaction?

Answer:

notverythoroughly.Veryfewpeople,nomatterhowinte1ligentorexperienced,cantakeinventoryofthemanybranchingpossibilities,possibleoutcomes,sideeffects,andundesiredconsequencesofapolicyoracourseofactioninamatterofseconds.Yet,thosewhopridethemse1vesonbeingdecisiveoftentrytodojustthat.Andoncetheirbrainslockontoanopinion,mostoftheirthinkingthereafterconsistsoffindingsupportforit.

　　Averyserioussideeffectofargumentativedecisionmakingcanbealackofsupportforthechosencourseofactiononthepatofthe"losing"faction.Whenonefactionwinsthemeetingandtheothersseethemselvesaslosing,thebattleoftendoesn'tendwhenthemeetingends.Anger,resentment,andjealousymayleadthemtosabotagethedecisionlater,ortoreopenthedebateatlatermeetings.

　　Thereisabetter.AsphilosopherAldousHuxleysaid,"Itisn'twhoisright,butwhatisright,thatcounts."

　　Thestructured-inquirymethodoffersabetteralternativetoargumentativedecisionmakingbydebate.WiththehelpoftheInternetandwirelesscomputertechnologythegapbetweenexpertsandexecutivesisnowbeingdramaticallyclosed.Byactuallyputtingthebrakesonthethinkingprocess,slowingitdown,andorganizingtheflowoflogic,it'spossibletocreatealevelofclaritythatsheerargumentationcannevermatch.

　　Thestructured-inquiryprocessintroducesalevelofconceptualclaritybyorganizingthecontributionsoftheexperts,thenbringstheexpertsandthedecisionmakersclosertogether.Althoughitisn'tpossibleornecessaryforapresidentorprimeministertolisteninoneveryintelligenceanalysismeeting,it'spossibletoorganizetheexperts'informationtogivethedecisionmakermuchgreaterinsightastoitsmeaning.Thisprocessmaysomewhatresembleamarketingfocusgroup;it'sasimple,remarkablycleverwaytobringdecisionmakersclosertothesourceoftheexpertinformationandopinionsonwhichtheymustbasetheirdecisions.　4l.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthat.

　　A.executive,specializedexpert,arenomorecleverthanpersoninthestreet

　　B.veryfewpeopledecidebeforetheythink

　　C.thosewhopridethemselvesonbeingdecisiveoftenfailtodoso

　　D.peopletendtoconsidercarefullybeforemakingdecisions

　　42.Judgingfromthecontext,whatdoestheword"them"（line4,paragraph2）referto?

　　A.Decisionmakers.B.The"losing"faction.

　　C.Anger,resentment,andjealousy.D.Otherpeople.

　　43.AldousHuxley'sremark（Paragraph3）impliesthat.

　　A.thereisasubtledifferencebetweenrightandwrong

　　B.wecannottellwhoisrightandwhatiswrong

　　C.whatisrightismoreimportantthanwhoisright

　　D.whatisrightaccountsforthequestionwhoisright

　　44.Accordingtotheauthor,thefunctionofthestructured-inquirymethodis.

　　A.tomakedecisionbydebate

　　B.toapplytheInternetandwirelesscomputertechnology.

　　C.tobrakeonthethinkingprocess,slowingitdown

　　D.tocreatealevelofconceptualclarity

　　45.Thestructured-inquiryprocesscanbeusefulfor.

　　A.decisionmakersB.intelligenceanalysismeeting

　　C.theexperts'informationD.marketingfocusgroups

　　Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Sportisheadingforanindissolublemarriagewithtelevisionandthepassivespectatorwillenjoyaprivateparadise.Allofthiswillbeinthefutureofsport.Thespectator（thetelevisionaudience）willbethepriorityandprofessionalclubswillhavetoreadjusttheirstructurestoadapttothenewreality:

sportasabusiness.

　　Thenewtechnologieswillmeanthatspectatorswillnolongerhavetowaitforbroadcastsbytheconventionalchannels.Theywillbetheoneswhodecidewhattosee.Andtheywillhavetopayforit.IntheUnitedStatesthesystemofthefuturehasalreadystarted:

pay-as-you-view.Everythingwillbeofferedbytelevisionandthespectatorwillonlyhavetochoose.ThereviewSportsIllustratedrecentlypublishedafullprofileofthelifeofthesupporterathomeinthemiddleofthenextcentury.Itexplainedthattheconsumerswouldbeabletoselecttheirviewofthematchonagigantic,flatscreenoccupyingthewholeofonewall,withimagesofaclaritywhichcannotbeforeseenatpresent;theycouldwatchfromthetrainer'sstandsjustbehindthebatterinagameofbaseballorfromthehelmetofthestarplayerinanAmericanfootballgame.Andattheirdisposalwillbethesaneoptionstheproduceroftherecordedprogrammerhastoselectreplays,tochoosewhichcameratomeandtodecideonthesoundwhethertohearthepublic,theplayers,thetrainerandsoon.

　　Manysportsexecutives,largelytoooldandtooconservativetofeelathomewiththenewtechnologieswillbelievethatsportmustcontroltheexpansionoftelevisioncoverageinordertosurviveandensurethatspectatorsattendmatches.Theydonotevenaccepttheevidencewhichcontradictstheirviewwhilethereismorebasketballthaneverontelevision,forexample,itisalsocertainthatbasketballismorepopularthanever.

　　Itisalsotheargumentofthesesportsexecutivesthattelevisionharmingthemodestteam.Thisistrue,butthefutureofthoseteamsisalsomodest.Theyhavereachedtheirceiling.Itisthelawofthemarket.Thegreateventscontinuallyattractlargeraudience.

　　TheworldIbeingconstructedonnewtechnologiessothatpeoplecanmaketheutmostuseoftheirtimeand,intheirhomehaveaccesstothegreatestpossiblerangeofrecreationalactivities.Sportwillhavetoadaptitselftothenewworld.

　　Themostvisionaryexecutivesgofurther.Thatphilosophyis:

ratherthanseetelevisiontakeoversportwhynothavesportstakenovertelevision?

　　46.Whatdoesthewritermeanbyuseofthephrase"anindissolublemarriage"inthefirstparagraph?

　　A.sportiscombinedwithtelevision.B.sportcontrolstelevision.

　　C.televisiondictatessports.D.Sportandtelevisionwillgotheirownways

　　47.Whatdoes"they"inline2paragraph2standfor?

　　A.Broadcasts.B.Channels.

　　C.Spectators.D.Technologies.

　　48.Howdomanysportsexecutivesfeelwiththenewtechnologies?

　　A.they