华农微生物题库英文22pageWord文件下载.docx

1、.Ehrlich .Metchnikoff .Leewenhoek .Lister 6. Control of microbial infections can be accomplished by chemical or immune mechanisms. The first report on the production of an antibiotic is credited to: .Lister .Fleming .Ehrlich .Koch 7. The term antibiotic means:.a substance produced by the laboratory

2、that kills or inhibits other microorganisms .a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds .a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorganisms .a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells 8. The first documented use

3、of a vaccine for smallpox was reported by the English physician: .Lister .Florey .Fleming .Jenner 9. Active immunity can be distinguished from passive immunity in that the former requires:.development of antibodies in ones own body by stimulation with external antibodies s own body by stimulation wi

4、th external antigens .development of antibodies in a foreign host and transfer to one s own body .development of antigens in one10. The process of nitrification by bacteria described by Winogradsky converts:.ammonia to nitrate ions .nitrate ions to ammonia .N2 to ammonia .ammonia to urea 11. The tra

5、nsfer of DNA from one organism to another through the use of a viral vector is referred to as: .electroporation .conjugation .transformation .transduction 12. The genetic material of a bacteria is located in the molecule: .RNA .DNA .protein .lipid Fill in the Blank1. Organisms that contain a true nu

6、cleus are called_ 2. Bacteria do not have a true nucleus and are considered _ 3. Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the _and the _. 4._ are organisms that can grow without using molecular oxygen.5. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2:are called _.6. _ are micr

7、oorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light.7. _ require organic compounds for growth. 8. Organisms that survive only at very high temperatures are referred to as_. 9. _ _ are organisms that produce methane from CO2.10. _organisms grow under conditions of high sali

8、nity.11. Eubacteria can exhibit a number of morphological shapes. Identify four: a._ b._ c._ d._12. Fungi, algae and protozoa can be differentiated from bacteria by the following characteristic:_ .13. Fungi have cell wall consisting of _. 14. Viruses consist of _surrounded by a protein coat. 15. The

9、 scientific method utilizes deductive reasoning and observations or experiments to prove or disprove a _. 16. The theory _of held that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter.17. The process used to reduce the number of viable organisms by moderate heating is called:18. The process of tyn

10、dallization uses repeated heating to eliminate or_ microorganisms from solutions. 19.An _is a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microorganisms.20. The process of stimulating the immune defenses of the body is referred to as_. 21. White blood cells that engulf foreign

11、particles are referred to as_.22. A substance in serum that can neutralize foreign material is referred to as _or _.23. Cells infected with a virus produce a substance called _ that inhibits viral replication. 24. Avery, Colin and MacLeod first demonstrated that transformation of nonpathogenic to pa

12、thogenic strains of bacteria could be carried out by the transfer of _. 25. Exchange of genetic information by direct contact is referred to as_.26. _ is the process in which DNA is transferred from one bacteria to another. Matching l. Francis Bacon a. phagocytosis 2. Anton Leeuwenhoek b. antibody 3

13、. Paul Ehrlich c. nitrification 4. Hans Gram d. immunization 5. Louis Pasteur e. three kingdom classification based on rRNA 6. Robert Koch f. structure of DNA 7. Joseph Lister g. first microscope 8. Alexander Fleming h. conjugation or transduction 9. Edward Jenner i. differential stain for bacteria

14、10. Eli Metchnikoff j. interferon 11. Emil von Behring k. rabies vaccine 12. Alick Isaacs 1. penicillin 13. Sergei Winogradsky m. antiseptic technique 14. Joshua Lederberg n. established that bacteria can cause disease 15. Watson and Crick o. magic bullet 16. Carl Woese p. scientific method 1.p 2.g

15、3.o 4.i 5.k 6.n 7.m 8.l 9.d 10.a 11.b 12.j 13.c 14.h 15.f 16.e Test 2: Methods for Studying Microorganisms 1. Light microscopy is dependent on the interaction of light with on object. The ability of light to pass through an object is referred to as:.transported light .transmitted light .reflected li

16、ght .refracted light 2. The resolving power （R） of a microscope is dependent on the wavelength of light （;） and the numerical aperture （NA） of the lens. The formula for R is: .R = 0.5. xNA .R = 0.5;/NA .R = NA/0.5Jr .R = Square root of 0.5）./NA 3. The gram stain uses as a mordant to fix the primary

17、stain: .iodine .alcohol .acetone .safranin 4. The acid-fast stain is useful in the identification of which of the following organisms: .Staphylococcus aureus .Mycoplasma mycoides .Mycobacteria tuberculosis .Moraxella osloensis 5. Botulism is a serious disease that can develop from the improper cooki

18、ng of food containing bacterial spores. Which of the following genera are capable of producing spores? .Salmonella .Listeria .Escherichia .Clostridia 6. Which of the following types of microscopes utilizes electron beams to visualize objects? .Nomarski .TEM .PCM .Confocal 7. A mixture of organisms w

19、as isolated from a patient suspected of having Strep Throat. Which type of media would you use to isolate the suspected pathogen? .defined .enriched .selective .differential 8. Sterilization of material with an autoclave utilizes steam to kill microorganisms. The correct procedure for sterilization

20、with an autoclave is: .15 min at 121at 15 lb/in2 .15 min at 256 at 15 lb/in2 .15 min at 121at 1 lb/in2 .15 rain at 121at 30 lb/in2 9. An antibiotic was added to a culture of bacteria to determine its effect. What method of enumeration would you use to determine the efficacy of the antibiotic? .direc

21、t count .viable count .turbidimetric count .absorbance 10. Identification of microorganisms can be accomplished by a number of techniques. Which of the following requires the growth of the organism? .enzyme linked assay .gene probe .metabolic .fluorescent 1. A media where all the ingredients are kno

22、wn is called a _media. 2. _technique is used to maintain a pure culture and avoid contamination. 3. Sterilization instrument that utilizes steam under pressure: _. 4.A_ plate utilizes a loop or needle to distribute and isolate colonies on a culture plate.5._ identification utilizes antibodies for na

23、ming of bacterial species. 6. Bacteria can be preserved for long periods of time by freeze-drying or_. 7. The mrbidimetric method of counting bacteria utilizes a _ to measure the amountof light passing through a solution. 8. The viable plate count counts live bacterial colonies in the range or_ to_

24、. 9. A counting chamber and a microscope are used in the_ count of bacteria. 10. The _technique utilizes a labeled complementary strand of nucleic acid to identify specific bacteria in a specimen.MatchingMatching I:l. Primary stain for gram stain a. Negative stain 2. Stains bacterial cell b. Carbohl

25、 fuchsin 3. Used to fix stain c. Crystal violet 4. Decolorize d. Malachite green 5. Spore stain e. Safranin 6. Acid-fast stain f. Positive stain 7. Gram- bacteria take up this counterstain g. Alcohol 8. Stains background h. Mordant Matching II:1. Media used to inhibit growth of unwanted organisms a.

26、 Enrichment 2. Media where all components are not known b. Selective 3. Media used to contrast organisms on same plate c. Differential 4. Media used to enhance growth d. Complex 1.c 2.f. 3.h 4.g 5.d. 6. b 7.e 8.a 1.b 2.d 3 .c 4.a Test 3: Organization and Structure of Microorganisms 1. Eukaryotic mem

27、branes can be differentiated from prokaryotic membranes because eukaryotic membranes contain_as part of the lipid component of the membrane. .phosphates .fatty acids .proteins .sterols 2. The arrangement of proteins and lipids in the membrane is referred to as the: .bilayer model .fluid mosaic model

28、 .trilayer model .permeable model 3. The movement of water molecules across the membrane in response to a concentration gradient is referred to as: .diffusion .osmosis .translocation .transport 4. The membrane of a cell is able to differentiate molecules that enter or exit the cell and act as a _ bar